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Language plays a vital role in the communication, sharing and transmission of information among human beings. Geographical languages are essential for understanding, investigating, representing and propagating geo-spatial information. Geographical languages have developed and evolved gradually with improvements in science, technology and cognitive levels. Concerning the theoretical progress from geographical information ontology, epistemology and linguistic theory, this paper firstly puts forward the concept of a GIS language and discusses its basic characteristics according to changes in the structures, functions and characteristics of geographical languages. This GIS language can be regarded as a system of synthetic digital symbols. It is a comprehensive representation of geographical objects, phenomena and their spatial distributions and dynamic processes. This representation helps us generate a universal perception of geographical space using geographical scenarios or symbols with geometry, statuses, processes, spatio-temporal relationships, semantics and attributes. Furthermore, this paper states that the GIS language represents a new generation of geographical language due to its intrinsic characteristics, structures, functions and systematic content. Based on the aforementioned theoretical foundation, this paper illustrates the pivotal status and contributions of the GIS language from the perspective of geographical researchers. The language of GIS is a new geographical language designed for the current era, with features including spatio-temporal multi-dimension representation, interactive visualization, virtual geographical scenarios, multi-sensor perception and expedient broadcasting via the web. The GIS language is the highest-level geographical language developed to date, integrating semantic definitions, feature extraction, geographical dynamic representation and spatio-temporal factors and unifying the computation of geographical phenomena and objects. The GIS language possesses five important characteristics: abstraction, systematicness, strictness, precision and hierarchy. In summary, the GIS language provides a new means for people to recognize, understand and simulate entire geo-environments. Therefore, exploration of the GIS language’s functions in contemporary geographical developments is becoming increasingly important. Similarly, construction of the conceptual model and scientific systems of the GIS language will promote the development of the disciplines of geography and geographical information sciences. Therefore, this paper investigates the prospects of the GIS language from the perspectives of digital technology, geographical norms, geographical modeling and the disciplinary development of geography. 相似文献
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James B. Elsner 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):559-560
Books reviewed: Bassin, Mark, Imperial Visions: Nationalist Imagination and Geographical Expansion in the Russian Far East, 1840 – 1865 Shortridge, James R., Our Town on the Plains: J. J. Pennell's Photographs of Junction City, Kansas, 1893 – 1922 Jakle, John A. and Sculle, Keith A., Fast Food: Roadside Restaurants in the Automobile Age Boeschenstein, Walter, Historic American Towns along the Atlantic Coast McKee, Jesse O., Ethnicity in Contemporary America: A Geographical Appraisal Luciuk, Lubomyr Y., Searching for Place: Ukrainian Displaced Persons, Ottawa, and the Migration of Memory Hausladen, Gary, Places for Dead Bodies Phillips, Richard, Watt, Diane and Shuttleton, David, De-Centering Sexualities: Politics and Representations beyond the Metropolis Goldin, Liliana R., Identities on the Move, Transnational Processes in North America and the Caribbean Basin McDonald, David A., On Borders: Perspectives on International Migration in Southern Africa Fox, Roddy and Rowntree, Kate, The Geography of South Africa in a Changing World Takeuchi, Keiichi, Modern Japanese Geography: An Intellectual History Amery, Hussein A., and Wolf, Aaron T., Water in the Middle East: A Geography of Peace Karl, Thomas R., Nicholls, Neville and Ghazi, Anver, Weather and Climate Extremes: Changes, Variations, and a Perspective from the Insurance Industry Pittman, Blair, Texas Caves 相似文献
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Brooks Green 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):571-573
Two qualitative case studies, one focusing on K-12 teachers and the other on middle school students, explore key factors associated with using Geographic Information Systems in the classroom. In both studies, access to appropriate hardware is a critical barrier. Time is another critical barrier—time to learn the GIS software and time in the curriculum to incorporate GIS as a learning experience. In both case studies, learning the technology at the expense of learning spatial analysis was a danger, suggesting the need for conscious focus on the goal of using GIS to learn how to “do geography.” 相似文献
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JANE DRUMMOND MARIJN BOSMA 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(1):83-95
Abstract This paper summarizes the characteristics of 19 scanners costing less than Dfl20000 (US$10000). It also describes the completeness of scanning performed by three of these low-cost scanners (from Agfa, Cannon and Houston Instruments) and the accuracy of one (SCAN-CAD of Houston Instruments). It was found that complete scanning occurs with resolutions of half the minimum map line width and that maximum errors of 0-5 mm were achieved. 相似文献
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Jeremiah Dibua 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):135-137
This paper examines the ways that community policing organizes urban space in order to increase the police's ability to observe and to enforce. The logic of that organization, I argue, rests in the particular way that police are integrating civilians into police practice as part of community policing's police-community partnership, a partnership that is characterized by the concrete metaphor of a policing body. This paper presents the results of twenty months of field research with the Boston Police Department whose community policing program, Neighborhood Policing, is being hailed as a national model. 相似文献
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Pablo S. Bose 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):145-146
Contemporary cartographic research on mapmaking and map use has a broad mandate and, as a consequence, researchers need a broad suite of methods. Consistent with research developments in other geographic subdisciplines, cartographic researchers now use qualitative methods. They offer the advantage of bringing research closer to the problem-solving realms of mapmakers and map users. Our purpose here is to discuss an array of qualitative methods for mapmaking and map use. Questionnaires, interviews, and protocol methods are used to gather verbal data about mapmaking and map use. Ethnographies produce data from direct observation of mapmakers and users. Maps also are sources for document analysis. We use examples of published cartographic research to elaborate on each of these methods. 相似文献
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Following the completion of the New Atlas of China compiled by V. K.Ting, W. H. Wong and S. Y. Tseng, the modeling of a relief map of China hasbeen undertaken by the National Geological Survey of China under the directionof the writer since late winter of 1933. The progress is rather slow owing tothe repeated turnover of workers and now it reaches to a stage as shown inFigs, 1-3 in the Chinese text. 相似文献
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S.Y.TSENG 《地理学报(英文版)》1934,(2)
Following the completion of the New Atlas of China compiled by V. K.Ting, W. H. Wong and S. Y. Tseng, the modeling of a relief map of China hasbeen undertaken by the National Geological Survey of China under the directionof the writer since late winter of 1933. The progress is rather slow owing tothe repeated turnover of workers and now it reaches to a stage as shown inFigs, 1-3 in the Chinese text. 相似文献
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Jay D. Gatrell 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):544-546
Zonal patterns of salt marsh plants and physical conditions have been addressed primarily across the elevation gradient from inland to coastline rather than across tidal creeks in relation to their hydro-geomorphic processes such as bar formation and bank erosion. We found at a Danish marsh that by shaping major geomorphic features and providing sediments to the adjacent sites, fluvial-geomorphic processes of tidal creeks exert fundamental controls on the cross-channel distribution of abiotic and biotic factors. These results point to a need for biogeomorphic and landscape ecological perspectives to fully understand the underlying structure and geographic variability in salt marshes. 相似文献
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《The Journal of geography》2012,111(10):228-230
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Rex J. Rowley 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):155-157
Books Reviewed: Browning, Frank A Queer Geography: Journeys Toward a Sexual Self Fellows, Will Farm Boys: Lives of Gay Men from the Rural Midwest Rubenstein, James M. The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography. 6th ed Knox, Paul L. and Marston, Sallie A. Human Geography: Places and Regions in Global Context Kuby, Michael; Harner, John, and Gover, Patricia Human Geography in Action 相似文献
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Tim Brothers 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):447-448
Social network analysis is increasingly used by geographers to better understand network phenomena. This article employs a promising analytic approach for the study of relational networks in human geography—dyadic regression analysis (DRA)—to examine labor sharing networks among peasant households. Data from a floodplain community in the Peruvian Amazon are incorporated into a relational data set that represents all reported cooperative labor flows for agriculture over one year. Matrices capturing both link and node (household) attributes are analyzed to explain the formation of cooperative labor links and the intensity (and direction) of labor flows. Results reveal that cooperative labor, which entails work predominantly done by males, is strongly shaped by relations among women, as well as by kin networks and household structure. Our findings suggest the utility of DRA for the study of other relational networks of interest to geographers. 相似文献