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1.
Ling Yin 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(5):742-761
Exploring the evolution of people’s social interactions along with their changing physical locations can help to achieve a better understanding of the processes that generate the relationships between physical distance and social interactions, which can benefit broad fields of study related to social networks. However, few studies have examined the evolving relationships between physical movements and social closeness evolution. This is partially related to the shortage of longitudinal data in both physical locations and social interactions and the lack of an exploratory analysis environment capable of effectively investigating such a process over space and time. With the increasing availability of sociospatiotemporal data in recent years, it is now feasible to examine the relationships between physical separation and social interactions at the individual level in a space–time context. This research was intended to offer a spatiotemporal exploratory analysis approach to address this challenge. The first step was to propose the concept of a social closeness space–time path, which is an extension of the space–time path concept in time geography, to represent evolving human relationships in a social closeness space. A space–time geographical information system (GIS) prototype was then designed to support the representation and analysis of space–time paths in both physical and social closeness spaces. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed concept and design in gaining insight into the impact of physical migration on online social closeness was demonstrated through an empirical study. The contributions of this study include an extension of the time–geographic framework from physical space to social closeness space, the development of a multirepresentation approach in a GIS to integrate an individual’s space–time paths in both physical and social closeness spaces, and an exploratory analysis of the evolving relationships between physical separation and social closeness over time. 相似文献
2.
Local food has become a significant focus of food studies analysis in recent years with much of this work identifying the potential environmental, social and economic benefits of food localisation. However, a growing body of literature destabilises these assumed benefits with research now questioning the utility of scale in assessing food system outcomes. This paper explores this destabilisation by examining how concepts associated with the ‘local’ have been deployed by the Capital Region Farmers Market (CRFM) in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). This leads to two key conclusions: firstly, the practical case study confirms theoretical insights highlighting the instability of the local, identifying how it is animated in multiple and sometimes contradictory ways often in response to conventional market forces; and secondly, we argue that the role of farmers' markets may not be best understood through the lens of the local but, rather, through their role in facilitating citizen engagement with the food system via the direct consumer–producer relationship at markets and the characteristics of the food purchased there (i.e. freshness and quality). In these ways, farmers' markets can disrupt conventional forms of engagement with the food system, creating a space that enhances social embeddedness and which may promote new forms of consumer understanding of food systems. 相似文献
3.
Isaac Sohn Leslie 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(8):928-946
Farmers struggle to afford farmland because competing land uses raise prices higher than what farmers earn, especially in small-scale and sustainable agriculture. Farmers often depend on an intimate partner’s income or labor to access land, yet few studies investigate sexual relationships in farmland access. I interrogate how sexuality shapes land access for small-scale agriculture through participant observation and interviews with 25 queer farmers in New England. I find that queer farmers’ sexual identities and relationships influence where they farm, who they live and work with, how they afford the land, and how they learn to farm. I argue that finding land, labor, credit, and knowledge are intertwined, heteronormative processes of capital accumulation shaped by racism and sexism. Queer farmers’ experiences navigating heteronormativity suggest the relevance of sexuality to land conservation and food justice, limits of organizing land access through sexual relationships, and alternatives to the “family farm.” 相似文献
4.
新型全球化与流动性背景下知识移民研究：议题与展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过CiteSpace可视化分析和文献分析,重点评述当前国外地理学对知识移民研究的主要脉络和议题,发现：① 国外对于知识移民研究相对细化,早期主要是教育地理学对于青年知识留学生迁移的系统研究,以及经济地理学对于知识移民及知识转移与全球城市发展关系的系列研究;② 新世纪以来,社会文化地理和人口地理学者开始关注知识移民的跨国和跨地方流动,并对其过程中的身份认同与经济社会文化资本、跨地方关系网络、流动过程和特征等议题进行了探讨;③ 新型全球化尤其是全球南方国家经济崛起的背景下,知识移民与城市创新发展、以及回流移民（包括北南移民）现象越来越得到学者的重视,移民政策和移民-城市关系成为重要关注点。 相似文献
5.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(2):67-71
Abstract By using stream restoration as a seminar theme, geography faculty can create a topical course that helps provide a shared intellectual agenda for both physical and human geography students, while highlighting the holistic strengths of our discipline. Although it is not necessary that faculty have prior knowledge about the topic, a willingness to work collaboratively is essential to creating an effective course about this complex endeavor. The course can simultaneously meets the needs of students continuing on to graduate studies as well as those preparing for teaching careers. Guidance on how a stream restoration class could be used to teach the eighteen geography standards is also provided. 相似文献
6.
Christopher Mele 《Urban geography》2017,38(7):1084-1108
This article examines the regulation of urban public space through a study of the role of the family unit in past and present urban development in Singapore. Since the founding of modern Singapore 50 years ago, the nuclear family has remained the preferred social institution for state policies and subsequent regulation of education, housing, employment, health, leisure, social welfare and even neighborhood development. Drawing on primary government documents and field work and interviews with current and displaced small business owners on a commercial street in Chinatown, the article demonstrates how a “softer” version of spatial regulation emerged from an intersection of state commercial development policies that favored small, family-owned businesses and the extension of a family-based moral social order applied to the surrounding public spaces. The result is the regulation of Chinatown’s streets and sidewalks became inextricably bound up with the everyday operations of family-run businesses. More recently, state interest in creating an entertainment-based global Singapore has jeopardized this arrangement, as corporate gentrification threatens to displace family ownership of small businesses. 相似文献
7.
Ben A. Gerlofs 《Urban geography》2019,40(3):378-386
ABSTRACTThis piece argues that urban postpolitical scholarship should pay greater attention to the everyday lives of urban residents and the everyday spaces of contemporary cities. Recent debates in urban geography have sought in part to expand narrow readings of Jacques Rancière’s politics in particular, creating space for broader and more inclusive analyses of resistance to depoliticizing regimes. This article builds on this work, extending these critiques by suggesting that the quotidian is the most pressing analytical avenue for such expansion. The piece builds on ethnographic and archival fieldwork conducted in Mexico City between 2014 and 2017, demonstrating the dependence of a postpolitical regime on the maintenance of particular relations in the everyday spaces and interactions of the city, and some of the salient ways these trends are experienced, reproduced, and contested by the city’s residents. 相似文献
8.
Governing urban vacancy in post-crash dublin: contested property and alternative social projects 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The scale and severity of property crashes following the global financial crisis has made vacancy a more visible and politically significant feature of cities. Although research has focused on urban experiments in vacant spaces, there has been less emphasis on how the contested property relations around vacancy remake urban governance. In this paper, we argue that debates about vacancy have been a central concern in post-crisis urban governance. In the first part of the paper we draw two conceptual approaches into a dialogue and apply them to an analysis of vacant space: that of Nicholas Blomley on property and Elizabeth Povinelli on “alternative social projects”. In the second part of the paper, we critically analyse how three groups discursively construct the need to “activate” and “re-use” vacant spaces in Dublin: grassroots groups, urban policy-makers, and financial actors. We argue that governing vacancy will be a key feature of post-crisis urbanisation. 相似文献
9.
Laura R. Barraclough 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):164-186
This article draws from the recent relational turn in geography to develop a model of relational racialization. It argues that racism functions through the legal and discursive production of linked, interdependent, and unequal places. By comparing two social movements in Los Angeles, the South Central Farmers and the Shadow Hills homeowners, I examine two spatial discourses through which race is relationally reproduced: unequal abilities to mobilize the entitlements of “property rights” and unequal claims to represent hegemonic forms of local heritage. When materialized and naturalized in land use policy, these discourses re-create racial disparities in wealth and poverty and reproduce the qualitative nature of the physical places on which racism depends. 相似文献
10.
知识产权贸易下的全球地缘科技格局及其演化 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
中国崛起,关键在于科技崛起。在当前技术针对与封锁的国际环境中,探讨建构以中国为核心的全球创新网络和科学制定中国未来科技战略是当前创新地理学和地缘政治学交叉之下研究的重点课题,而明晰全球地缘科技格局及其演变过程则是基础所在。本文基于2001—2015年全球国家（地区）间的知识产权进出口数据,在研究全球知识产权贸易格局和网络结构的基础上,探讨了全球地缘科技体系的时空演化特征,得出以下结论：① 全球知识产权贸易网络两极分化显著,是一典型的小世界网络,以美国为核心的金字塔结构不断夯实;② 基于敏感性和脆弱性模型阐释的全球知识产权贸易的非对称依赖性进一步验证了美国是全球地缘科技格局的核心,且其核心地位不断巩固和加强。 相似文献
11.
欧美地区大量研究表明,城市公园对附近房地产价值有明显增值效应,但是关于北京城市绿地与房地产价值之间的关系还未有研究,阻碍了社会公众和城市管理者对绿地资源重要功能的认识。本研究首先采用问卷调查与享乐价格法,分析了北京城区14个公园绿地与附近76个居住小区房产价格的关系,并借助北京市第七次园林绿化资源普查数据(2009)与GIS技术测算了18070ha城市公共绿地的房产增值总效应。结果表明,在北京地区,公园绿地能对其附近850-1604 m范围的房产价格有0.5%-14.1%的增值效应。北京城市公共绿地共产生28.6亿元的房产增值, 约合每公顷绿地平均增值16万元, 相当于绿地维护成本的1.8-3.9倍。因此,通过提高绿地附近房产的部分税收作为绿地建设与维护资金具有一定的现实意义。 相似文献
12.
OLIVER FROEHLING 《Geographical review》1997,87(2):291-307
ABSTRACT. The Chiapas uprising of 1994 rallied an international community of supporters, largely organized through activities on the Internet, that provided an example of the possibilities and limitations of the Net as a tool for social movements. This article models the Internet as a form of rhizome: an intermediate and contested social space composed of flows that transcend boundaries and forge new connections between events and places. The success of Internet organizing in southern Mexico is due to the constant and reciprocal connections between cyberspace and other social spaces, which avoided the restriction of events to a contained space and scale. 相似文献
13.
基于共享度的上海郊区社区居民活动空间隔离及其影响因素 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在流动性不断增强与居民活动模式日益多样化的背景下,城市社会空间分异与隔离的内涵不断扩展,居民在日常生活中面临的空间隔离受到关注。以活动空间为基础的社会空间分异研究快速兴起,以期从更加动态的视角理解城市社会空间。基于上海市郊区问卷调查数据,构建活动空间共享度指标,建立个体尺度的活动空间分异指数和孤立指数,刻画社区内不同收入群体的活动空间隔离状况,并建立活动空间共享度的多层模型分析活动空间隔离的影响因素。研究发现居住在同一社区的不同收入居民之间存在活动空间隔离,居民更愿意与其社会经济属性相似的人共享活动空间。活动空间隔离程度受到个体社会经济属性、社区设施状况、社区周边环境、社区人口密度和社会混合程度等因素的影响,居住在人口密度高、社会混合度高、社区商业配置良好、公共空间充足的开放社区能提高居民的活动空间共享度,增加不同群体社会接触的可能性。 相似文献
14.
消费空间研究关注点的转变及其意义——兼论西方消费地理研究动态 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
针对现实中消费现象和消费研究日益显著现象，小文从传统消费地理研究思维定势和方法着手，疏理西方消费空间研究关注点的转变趋势：①包罗万象的消费研究对象和内容；②传统与现代新型多种消费空间类型的探讨；③对消费空间主体性与社会性的关注；④跨尺度空间与商品移动轨迹的新视角；⑤消费内涵的延伸。西方地理学家对消费的研究方法体现为传统地学区域和空间研究视角优势的发挥，以及批判性地继承大量的社会学理论和方法。西方地理学家对社会科学做出的贡献主要如下：①揭示消费空间不平衡关系和社会意义；②强调消费、消费者与消费空间的非均一、异质、流动特征，指出以消费者类型开展研究的弊端，质疑历史分析研究和消费阶段划分方法；③采用情景方法对主体与空间关系研究，揭示出多种消费空间存在的社会政治意义；④继承马克思政治经济学将生产和消费空间联系起来的研究方法，同时指出阶级视角对消费者多种差异性的忽视；⑤基于商品链、供给系统、商品循环和行动者网络等方法和学说的差异性视角及其政治立场，强调学说，尤其道德因素对社会实践的影响。 相似文献
15.
基于收入群体差异的北京典型郊区低收入居民的行为空间困境 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
既有低收入居民空间困境的研究以居住空间研究为主,关注低收入者受到的住房与社区隔离,难以刻画低收入者在整日尺度面临的时空制约。行为空间作为行为地理学与时间地理学的重要概念,为描述低收入居民在日常生活中面临的移动性与可达性相关的问题提供了有力的工具。本文提出利用潜在活动空间和实际活动空间共同描述居民行为空间,分析低收入居民在时空可达性和实际利用城市空间能力上的劣势。基于2012年北京市上地—清河居民活动与出行日志,利用路网分析、最小多边形分析等方法刻画居民每日的潜在活动空间和实际活动空间。通过对不同收入群体的比较,发现低收入居民比其他居民的潜在活动空间和实际活动空间都要小。进一步构建模型分析潜在活动空间和实际活动空间的影响因素,发现包括收入在内的个体社会经济属性、空间属性和行为属性对潜在活动空间和实际活动空间存在影响,但是二者的影响因素存在差异。对行为空间的测量有利于增进对于不同群体社会分异与空间隔离的认知,对未来的研究具有重要的意义。 相似文献
16.
中国新愿景下的文化与空间有机融合的地理途径与机遇 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
随着全球化的深入发展,国家竞争力日益依赖于以科技为支撑的硬实力、以人才为源泉的智创力和以文化为核心的软实力,以及能吸引并承载这些关键要素的多尺度创新空间。这些空间既包括有利于产生和激发创新的地方或场所,又包括叠加交织在这些场所中能促发各种思想交流碰撞、各类社会关系构建的文化氛围和生态系统。因此,如何使文化作为一个关键要素根植于空间,进而打造出具有文化品位且能生产新文化的地方,正逐渐成为亟须研究的核心议题和学界所面临的一大挑战。本文首先基于对中国新愿景的解读和文化本质的辨析,呼唤中国迫切需要形成一种与其大国综合实力相匹配的新文化;之后,基于历史发展透视论述了如何通过文化根植打造新地方,以提升城市和国家的竞争力;最后,本文强调了地理学人应高度关注有关文化与地方相互作用的一系列新研究命题,以在这个以人本化为导向,追求舒适宜人性、城市性、流动性、通达性、人文性和安全性的时代,进一步优化创新空间并推动城市的可持续发展。为回应这一召唤,地理学需要扩展其研究视角,在继续关注宏观区域分析的基础上,更加着眼于微观空间/地方打造的研究。 相似文献
17.
Matthew Wilhelm‐Solomon 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2016,37(3):378-395
In January 2012 the residents of an inner‐city tenement building in Doornfontein, Johannesburg, were evicted on a court order. The building was situated in a post‐industrial neighbourhood in which thousands of South Africans and foreign nationals, many blind or disabled, live in unlawfully occupied buildings without access to water, basic sanitation, electricity and waste management services. Such buildings are known in policy discourse as ‘bad buildings’, and informally as ‘dark buildings’, invoking both a sense of developmental failure and spiritual insecurity. In this paper I analyse how urban renewal policies created social divisions and alliances not only among the residents of Chambers, which were channelled along nationalist lines, but also between the able‐bodied and disabled, and produced new social alliances. In particular, I document how a group of blind Zimbabweans experienced threats of violence and accusations of betrayal, as they were offered alternate accommodation by the evicting company because of their disability. I argue here that the pressures of private‐sector housing developments intersected with the insecurities and divisions of inner‐city social spaces and also fostered new alliances. Following the work of Deleuze and Guattari, I invoke the concept of ‘decoding dispossession’, proposing that ongoing evictions and dispossessions are characterized by simultaneous movements of ‘decoding and deterritorialization’ and ‘overcoding‐reterritorialization’. 相似文献
18.
信息技术对城市空间结构的影响一直是地理学关注的话题。随着信息技术的革新及其在社会生活中的普及应用,地理学者开始将研究视角从空间转向网络用户。引入信息科学领域的“地理关联”概念,通过南京居民问卷调查获得973个样本数据,采用结构方程模型分析,尝试从微观个体角度探索基于居民个体的虚-实空间的关联指标。结果发现：居民信息化程度、居民信息化认知、居民信息化习惯、居民流动性是微观层面虚-实空间关联的主要指标;居民流动性是空间关联最重要的衡量指标,其次是居民信息化认知、居民信息化习惯、居民信息化程度;工作地是最能展示网络空间与实体空间紧密关联的场所类型。 相似文献
19.
The city of Denver, Colorado recently outlawed camping in all open space. Part of a broad effort to accelerate the profit potential of prime urban land through real estate speculation and commerce, the camping ban has dislocated homeless people from the city’s marginal spaces. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and archival research in Denver, this article develops a tripartite approach to public space—prime, everyday, and marginal—to analyze challenging ways in which people who are homeless in Denver must now manage their exposure to others in everyday public spaces. In addition to eliminating places of hard-won safety and security, this singular new code disrupts hygiene, mobility, and sociability routines, thus throwing already precarious lives into further disarray by rendering housing status visible. To demonstrate how everyday social justice springs from interaction between different people co-present in public space, we foreground the voices of Denver’s homeless people, those most impacted by quality of life laws. Evicting individuals from marginal spaces and rendering them visibly homeless in everyday and prime spaces, the ban deprives them of a fundamental right to the city: anonymity. 相似文献
20.
Päivi Rannila 《Urban geography》2016,37(7):1070-1090
This article addresses sidewalks as particular kinds of public spaces. Sidewalks of residential areas have been understudied; debates have tended to concentrate on pedestrian flows in commercial districts. By discussing the snowy sidewalks of Syracuse, New York, this article asks how sidewalks appear in law, and how responsibility for sidewalks is divided between governments and property owners. According to law and ordinances, sidewalks are responsibility of adjacent property owners. Unofficial monitoring has turned property owners’ sidewalk responsibilities away from questions of liability to questions of morality. Sidewalks evince a moral order, where questions concern not only pedestrian flows or laws, but also attitudes of others. A snowy sidewalk appears as a contested moral order, whose publicity is questionable because of the sidewalk’s reliance on private responsibility and policing. In the end, then, this article provides insights into how laws concerning public space are both maintained and questioned in everyday practices, and how the regulatory systems advance—or hinder—the publicity of public spaces like sidewalks. 相似文献