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1.
重新处理和解释叶县—南漳反射地震剖面,并综合利用油气勘探地震剖面,地震层析、大地电磁测深、地热流、气体测量等地球物理和地球化学数据,得到秦岭造山带岩石圈构造模型。识别出秦岭地壳不同时代的重要构造:(1)加里东期华北克拉通向秦岭微板块的俯冲,并造成中上地壳内华北地壳和北秦岭地壳形成锯齿状楔入构造。(2)印支—燕山期扬子克拉通与秦岭微陆块的对冲走滑软碰撞,形成了以南阳地区为中心由一系列规模宏大的逆冲断层组成的负花状构造。(3)白垩纪后,由正副片麻岩交互成层的结晶基底形成的穹隆。(4)盖在结晶基底上的近透明浅变质元古宙地层形成的褶皱基底。白垩纪后,秦岭地区和中国东部其他地区一样,岩石圈地幔遭受到软流圈上升形成蘑菇云构造,岩石圈活化,严重影响构造演化过程。 相似文献
2.
Nicolas Saspiturry Ccile Allanic Philippe Razin Benoit Issautier Thierry Baudin Eric Lasseur Olivier Serrano Sophie Leleu 《地学学报》2020,32(4):253-260
The Early Cretaceous hyperextended Mauléon rift is localized in the north‐western Pyrenean orogen. We infer the Tertiary evolution of the Mauléon basin through the restoration of a 153‐km‐long crustal‐scale balanced cross‐section of the Pyrenean belt, which documents at least 67 km (31%) of orogenic shortening in the Western Pyrenees. Initial shortening, accommodated through inversion of inherited crustal structures, led to formation of a pop‐up structure, in which the opposite edges underwent similar shortening with different tectonic reactivation styles, localized versus. distributed. Underthrusting of the Iberian margin accommodated further convergence, forming the Axial Zone antiformal stack of crustal nappes within a lithospheric pop‐up. Thin‐skinned and thick‐skinned structures propagated outward from the heart of this pop‐up, a block of strong mantle acting as a buttress inhibiting complete inversion of the Mauléon rift basin. 相似文献
3.
华南大陆历经长期复杂的构造演化,其浅部复杂而多样的构造形态与深部壳幔结构及其动力学机制有着密切联系,但当前的深部探测资料有限,深部构造并不明确。为了研究华南的深部岩石圈结构状态,布设了多条宽频长周期大地电磁联合探测剖面。通过对景德镇-温州剖面的数据处理,获得了该剖面的岩石圈电性结构模型。分析表明:华夏地块与扬子地块东部的江南造山带以江绍断裂为界;华夏地块整体呈现高阻特征,可能具有深部岩石圈背景的上虞-政和-大浦断裂将其分为华夏褶皱带与东南沿海岩浆岩带;扬子地块东部的江南造山带整体电阻率较低,结构更破碎,受到深部改造明显,岩石圈底界约为110 km;剖面发现3处低阻带通道,可能与软流圈上涌相关;江绍断裂呈喇叭状向深部张开,华夏地块与扬子地块的裂解拼合可能与断裂深部的高导体活动有关。华夏地块与扬子地块的接触状态呈现为双向汇聚,华夏地块在上地幔挤入扬子地块,深部接触边界可能越过江绍断裂带。 相似文献
4.
《China Geology》2020,3(1):28-37
Significant breakthroughs of shale gas exploration have been made in Lower Cambrian and Sinian shale in the north margin of the Yangtze Block, South China. The drill wells with industrial gas flow located in the southern margin of the Huangling dome. Base on the geological survey, 2D seismic, geochronological and drill wells data, the tectonic evolution history of Huangling dome was studied, and its control effect on the preservation condition of shale gas was discussed. The result shows that the Huangling dome might undergo four tectonic stages: (1) About 800 Ma, granite intrusion in the Huangling dome basement, primarily of granites replaced metamorphism rocks; (2) 800–200 Ma, no significant tectonic movement with slowly buried history; (3) From 200 Ma, multi-phase uplift and the sedimentary rocks was eroded in the core of the Huangling dome. Shale gas in the Cambrian and Sinian strata was well preserved in the margin of the Huangling dome as the following reasons: (1) The Sinian shale was buried about 7.8 km in-depth during Middle Jurassic, source rocks have a suitable thermal maturity for shale gas; (2) The rigid basement of the Huangling dome was mainly composed by homogeneity granite, without intensive deformation. As the main challenges of the widely distributed Lower Cambrian and Sinian shale are high-maturity and intensive deformation, a geological unit with a dome probably is a favorable zone for the old age shale gas. Therefore, it indicates that the adjacent zone of the Xuefengshan, Shennongjia and Hannan are the geological units with a dome and probably have potentials for the exploration of shale in the Lower Cambrian and Sinian. 相似文献
5.
A. A. Stepashko 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2011,5(1):1-12
The role of the lateral structure of the lithospheric mantle in the seismotectonics and seismicity of the southern part of
the Russian Far East has been investigated. The positions of the epicenters of all the major earthquakes in Sakhalin (M ≥
6.0), as well as in the Amur region and the Primorye zones (M ≥ 5.0), are defined by the boundaries of the Anyui block of
highly ferruginous mantle, which lies at the base of the Sikhote-Alin area. Three cycles of large earthquakes are recognized
in the region: the end of the 19th-beginning of the 20th century, the mid-20th century, and end of the 20th-beginning of the
21st century. In the seismic zone of the Amur region (hereafter, the Amur seismic zone), the epicenters of the large earthquakes
in each cycle migrate from the SW to NE along the Tan-Lu fault megasystem at a rate of 30–60 km/yr. The specific features
of the seismicity of the region are explained by the repeated arrival of strain waves from the west. The waves propagate in
the upper part of the mantle and provoke the activation of the deep structure of the region. The detailed analysis of the
earthquakes in the Sikhote-Alin area (M ≥ 4.0) in 1973–2009 confirmed the clockwise tectonic rotation of the mantle block.
The characteristics of the Primorye zone of deep-focus seismicity at the Russia-China boundary are stated. Since 1973, 13
earthquakes with M ≥ 6.0 have been recorded in the zone at a depth of 300–500 km. This number of earthquakes is at least twice
as many as the number of large deep-focus earthquakes elsewhere in the Sea of Japan-Sea of Okhotsk transition zone. The unique
genesis of the Primorye seismic zone is related to the additional compression in the seismofocal area due to the creeping
of the Anyui mantle block onto the subduction zone during its rotation. The geodynamic implications of the seismotectonic
analysis are examined, and the necessity of division of the Amur plate into three geodynamically independent lithospheric
blocks is substantiated. 相似文献
6.
太行山构造带及其以东地区上地幔地震层析成像 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于首都圈地区及河北邯郸台网共115个台站记录的地方震、近震和远震P波和S波走时,利用地震层析成像技术得到了太行山构造带及其以东地区下方300km深度范围内的P、S波速度结构。结果发现沿太行山构造带速度结构在上地幔中存在明显的横向不均匀性,其南、中、北段显示了各自不同的构造特征。太行山以东盆地区岩石圈厚度较薄,在约80km深度进入地幔软流层,但在160km深度下,P波和S波速度结构呈现较大差异,其中P波在华北东部地区逐渐以高速为主,而S波速度剖面上虽然低速体被切割,但仍然保持了大部分地区的相对低速。深部结构揭示,太行山中段受华北地区岩石圈减薄过程作用最为强烈,其速度结构与盆地区更为相似。而南段构造作用与浅部断裂关系明显,深部可能更多地保留了构造造山带岩石圈厚度大,高速介质多的特征。太行山北段处于多构造交界地区,速度结构比较复杂,部分S波低速区可能与深部地幔物质上涌作用有关。 相似文献
7.
V.Yu. Timofeev D.G. Ardyukov V.M. Solov'ev S.V. Shibaev A.F. Petrov P.Yu. Gornov N.V. Shestakov E.V. Boiko A.V. Timofeev 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2012,53(4):376-391
The recent geodynamics of the Far East region of Russia is considered, where three large tectonic plates converge—Eurasian, North American, and Pacific, as well as several microplates—Okhotsk, Bering, and Amurian—have been hypothesized to exist. The available data on the position of the plate boundaries, the relative plate rotation poles, and the regional seismicity were analyzed, and parameters of plate motion models for northeastern Russia were determined in this study. The regional deep structure was investigated, using data obtained by different geophysical methods. The results of observations of the Magadan–Vrangel Island profile by deep seismic sounding (DSS), common-depth point (CDP) method, and correlation refraction method (CRM) are presented. 相似文献
8.
华北地块南部巨型陆内俯冲带与秦岭造山带岩石圈现今三维结构 总被引：44，自引：1，他引：44
豫西横穿秦岭造山带的反射地震为主的综合地球物理探测，发现秦岭现今北界存在华北地块南部自北向南向秦岭的巨型陆内俯冲带，深达Ｍｏｈｏ面以下，与之相伴而生，在中上地壳发育自南向北的逆冲推构造带，千公里东西向延伸，主要发生于晚白垩世１００Ｍａ±，成为秦岭与华北地区块间中新生代重要陆内构造，它是秦岭造山带岩石圈现今三维结构的基本要素和组成部分，秦岭造山带岩石圈现今结构具有流变学分层的“立交桥”三维结构框架模型。显然它们具有统一的动力学背景，是秦岭造山带现今处于印度－青藏、太平洋和欧亚板块的西伯利亚地块等三大构造动力学体系复合部位，导致其从深部地幔动力学的最新调整到上部地壳响应所发生的壳幔等圈层相互作用的综合产物，可能是大陆长期保存、演化的主要途径与形式之一，具有重要的大陆动力学意义，对中国大陆构造、灾害、环境研究也具重要意义。 相似文献
9.
初论板内造山带 总被引：55，自引：10，他引：45
讨论了关于板内造山带含义的不同认识。指出板内造山带是一种特殊类型的造山带,而不是板缘造山带或板间造山带持续发展的结果。简要介绍分别发育在４ 个大陆的不同时代的板内造山带,总结板内造山带在区域大地构造位置、造山带构造格局、构造变形与变质作用、岩浆活动与沉积作用、造山带构造演化等方面与板缘造山带的差异。板内造山带形成于相对较老且强硬的岩石圈板块内部,造山带内部构造单元不具有平行于造山带走向分布的特征,即不具有线状构造格局,构造变形具有地台基底乃至整个地壳卷入的厚皮构造性质,同造山区域变质作用微弱,同造山岩浆活动、沉积作用和构造变形均无极性演化趋势。岩石圈拆沉作用（ｄｅｌａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ） 可较好地解释板内造山带的火山活动特征。尽管板块间相互作用（ 俯冲或碰撞）所产生的水平挤压应力似乎更易于阐明板内造山带的收缩变形特征;但是,板块间相互碰撞或俯冲产生的边界应力可否有效地被远程传递,尚有待进一步研究和解决。将板块间相互作用的水平应力场与岩石圈纵向物质与能量调整（ 重力、热力等） 因素作综合考虑,可能是解决板内造山带造山作用机制的有效途径 相似文献
10.
张文佑院士是我国最杰出的构造地质学家和大地构造学家,他提出和倡导的地质构造力学分析和历史分析相结合及断块构造理论符合当代构造地质和构造运动研究的新方向。断块构造是地球构造运动最基本的型式,板块构造是全球范围内的岩石圈构造,是最高一级的岩石圈断块构造。活动断块是现今构造运动最基本的型式,它既控制主要活动构造带和地震活动带的分布,也控制不同地区地震活动特征的差异。断块边界构造带是在构造变形和运动场中的不连续变形带,应力在此释放,应变在此局部化,位移在此发生,其差异活动最为强烈,因此,断块边界构造带是强震发生带,其活动性质会控制震源断层的特性。大地震孕育和发生在边界活动构造带的某些特殊部位,对其成核的构造和物理过程尚需深入进行研究。要特别注意断块整体性活动对地震活动的控制作用,断块的这种整体性活动与一定时期内地震活动主体地区分布有密切关系,所以,在活动构造研究中,要把断块的整体性活动与活动构造带的个体活动结合起来。 相似文献
11.
近期中国南方页岩气勘查在黄陵隆起南缘的下寒武统和震旦系取得重大突破,本文针对古老地层页岩气构造保存问题,研究黄陵隆起构造演化历史,反演钻井沉积地层埋藏史,通过二维地震剖面解析黄陵隆起南缘的构造学特征,统计分析相关地质年代学数据。认为该区域在约800 Ma经历了花岗岩侵入,形成了以花岗岩为主体的黄陵隆起基底;该区域在800～200 Ma构造较稳定,缺乏这一时期的构造年代学数据;中侏罗世震旦系陡山沱组埋深可达约8 km,晚侏罗世及以后经过多期抬升至现在的构造格局。本研究说明黄陵隆起的古老基底经过元古宙大量花岗岩侵入,可能均质性高而表现为刚性基底,后期所遭受构造改造程度较低,埋深相对较浅。因此,该地区页岩表现为演化程度适中,构造改造弱,后期热事件影响小,有利于页岩气的保存,是目前黄陵隆起南缘获得页岩气勘查突破的关键。并指出南方具有类似构造的雪峰山隆起、神农架背斜和汉南古陆周缘具有良好的下寒武统页岩气勘查潜力。 相似文献
12.
The Southern Apennine fold and thrust belt differs from other parts of the peri-Tyrrhenian orogen. In most of the peri-Tyrrhenian belt, hinterland extension is oriented at a high-angle to the orogen axis and appears to be related to rifting and formation of oceanic crust within the Tyrrhenian basin. The Southern Apennines share the late-stage development of normal faults related to the opening of the Tyrrhenian Sea, but also experienced an episode of extension parallel to the strike of the tectonic belt. The orogen-parallel extension was apparently formed in response to the increase in length of the deformed belt during arcuation. Arcuation ostensibly was related to asymmetrical rifting in the hinterland, which was greater in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea than in areas to the north, and proportionately greater shortening in the frontal parts of the southern belt as compared to regions in the north. During arcuation, extension was spatially concentrated within structural domains and was accomplished by displacement on low-angle detachment faults cutting through a previously imbricated thrust stack. During the Miocene-Pliocene, NNW-SSE extension in the interior of the Southern Appennine belt formed coveally with ENE-WSW shortening in the foreland. Longitudinal extension ceased in the Pleistocene, when younger high-angle normal faults formed in response to the easterly migration of Tyrrhenian Sea rifting and NE-SW extension associated with lithospheric stretching. 相似文献
13.
14.
V.V. Adushkin 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(5):571-583
This paper presents an analysis of the development of the current seismic state of the Kuznetsk coal basin, which is characterized by an increase in technogenic seismicity of different types under the influence of prolonged intensive mining operations. The development of technogenesis led to a significant increase in technogenic seismicity in the Kuznetsk Basin in the 1970-1980s, when the number of technogenic earthquakes began to exceed the number of natural earthquakes. Among the various types of induced seismicity, special attention is paid to strong technogenic tectonic earthquakes with a regional magnitude Mb ≥ 3 and, accordingly, a seismic energy release of more than 109 J, i.e., earthquakes of energy class K > 9. These small-focus earthquakes are often accompanied by destruction of underground mines, collapse of quarries and pits, damage to surface facilities and equipment, and other adverse effects. In this paper, such earthquakes are defined as technogenic tectonic to emphasize their dual origin: technogenic impacts and the subsequent relaxation of tectonic stresses. It is also noted that the Earth’s interior in Kuzbass initially had its own natural seismicity and a developed system of tectonic faults. Natural seismotectonic activity combined with constantly increasing scales of mining and explosive consumption has led to an increase in the number of technogenic seismic events and their intensity. A striking example of such an event was the 18 June, 2013 Bachat earthquake with a regional magnitude Mb= 5.8 and a seismic intensity of 7 in the epicentral zone. It was the world’s largest man-made earthquake induced by the mining of solid minerals. We consider the possible causes of this catastrophic earthquake and discuss the conditions favoring the formation of foci of such technogenic tectonic earthquakes resulting from changes in the geodynamic and hydrogeological conditions in the Earth’s crust under man-caused impacts. These induced changes in natural processes are accompanied by a change in the stress-strain state, resulting in the concentration of tectonic stresses at heterogeneities and in fault zones, which become sources of induced technogenic seismicity.The paper discusses the current period of the occurrence and increase in such anthropogenic seismicity in the Kuzbass region with increasing scales of coal mining and blasting. Over the last 20 years, the consumption of explosives at Kuzbass enterprises increased from 100-200 to 500-600 thousand tons per year, and, accordingly, the amounts of broken and transported rock increased from several million tons per year to a billion tons per year, which disturbed the dynamic equilibrium in the Earth’s crust and changed the existing field of tectonic stresses. Moreover, the continuously increasing consumption of explosives has also increased the technogenic impact on the crust structures. The location of the epicenters of large-scale blasts inducing seismic events with regional magnitudes Mb= 3.0-4.5 has made it possible to identify regions with the greatest technogenic impact in Kuzbass. Using the data of the ISC seismological catalog, we separated seismic events with the above magnitudes into day and night ones. Since blasting work is forbidden at night, night seismic events are referred to as technogenic tectonic earthquakes (night event criterion). The maximum magnitude of seismic events induced by blasting operations in the Kuznetsk Basin was estimated at Mb ≤ 4.4. The annual number of technogenic tectonic earthquakes with 3.0 ≤ Mb ≤ 3.4, 3.5 ≤ Mb ≤ 3.9, 4.0 ≤ Mb ≤ 4.4, and Mb ≥ 4.5 was determined based on the night event criterion. The regions of their occurrence were identified from the location of the epicenters of technogenic tectonic earthquakes. 相似文献
15.
To develop a model for the dynamics of seismogenerating structures in the frontal zone of the Kolyma–Omolon superterrane (Chersky seismotectonic zone), the following aspects are analyzed: structural–tectonic position, deep structure parameters, active faults, and fields of tectonic stresses as revealed from solutions of focal mechanisms of strong earthquakes and kinematic types of Late Cenozoic fold deformations and faults. It is found that a certain dynamic setting under transpressional conditions takes place and it was caused by the interaction between structures of the Eurasian, North American, and Okhotsk lithospheric plates within regional segments of the Chersky zone (Yana–Indigirka and Indigirka–Kolyma). These conditions are possible if the Kolyma–Omolon block located in the frontal zone of the North American Plate was an indenter. Due to this, some terranes of different geodynamic origin underwent horizontal shortening, under which particular blocks of segments were pushed out laterally along the orogenic belt, on a system of conjugated strike-slip faults of different directions and hierarchical series, in the northwest and southeast directions, respectively, to form the main seismogenerating reverse-fault and thrust structures with the maximum seismic potential (M ≥ 6.5). 相似文献
16.
吉塞尔斯地震活动可能是因蒸汽开发引起的.水在一个承受很高构造剪应力和应变的大范围破裂体中汽化为蒸汽。 汽田地震震源机制解与区域构造应变场几乎一致,并且在该区域范围内汽田地震与别的构造地震不易区分。观测中注意到地震活动与注液历史无关,这表明孔隙水压力增高与注液不可能是吉塞尔斯诱发地震的成因。 相反,所有证据都表明诱发地震与孔隙水压力及温度降低有关。形成机制有两种最大可能:其一,是裂隙排水(汽)导致局部剪应力增加所致,其二,是由稳定滑动转化为不稳定滑动(粘滑)。没有其它记载的诱发地震机制与吉塞尔斯汽田条件相符。 相似文献
17.
O. P. Pandey K. Chandrakala P. R. Reddy G. Koti Reddy 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(4):457-468
Recent surge in intraplate seismicity has led to detailed geological and geophysical investigations, covering different continental
segments of India including seismogenic region of Latur. A synthesis of such data sets to understand the prevailing tectonic
and thermal state of the Lithosphere beneath Latur region, that witnessed a large scale human loss due to 1993 seismic activity,
has revealed shallow surfacing of denser deeper crustal segments which may have resulted due to ongoing active subsurface
tectonic activity like uplift and erosion since geological past. Below this region, Moho temperature exceeds 500°C, heat flow
input from the mantle is quite high (29–35 mW/m2) and the asthenosphere is shallow (∼100±10 km). It is suggested that stress generated by ongoing upliftment and related subcrustal
thermal anomaly is concentrating in this denser and stronger mafic crust within which earthquakes tend to nucleate. In all
likelihood, the seismic activity witnessed in the region may stem from the deep crustal/lithospheric dynamics rather than
the role of fluids at the hypocentral depth. 相似文献
18.
Variations of seismic mode in the region of the Avachinsky Gulf (Kamchatka, Russia) are considered. Observed anomalies (seismic quiescence, the ring seismicity, reduction of the slope of the earthquake recurrence diagram) provide a basis to consider this region as a place of strong earthquake preparation. The Kamchatka regional catalogues of earthquakes between 1962–1995 were used in the analysis. A reduced seismicity rate is observed during 10 years in an area of 150 km × 60 km in size. During the last five years, in the vicinity of the area considered, earthquakes with M > 5 occurred three times more often than the average over thirty years. It is interpreted as ring seismicity. The block of 220 km × 220~km in size, including the quiescence zone, is characterized by a continuous decrease of the recurrence diagram slope, which has reached a minimum value for the last 33 years in this region. 相似文献
19.
为了研究华南地区的深部电性结构,探寻浅部地质过程的深部背景,布设了江西进贤至福建柘荣超长周期大地电磁测深剖面。通过剖面数据的处理、定性分析及二维反演,获得剖面岩石圈尺度的电性结构模型,并分区块对壳幔电性结构及主要断裂进行了分析。反演结果表明：1）剖面可分为4个构造单元,分别为江南造山带、华夏地块内部、华夏褶皱带和东南沿海岩浆岩带;2）武夷山与东南沿海岩浆岩带两处电性莫霍面隆起,电性莫霍面的起伏特征受控于区域深大断裂;3）剖面电性岩石圈整体表现为西薄东厚,江南造山带岩石圈-软流圈界面埋深为80~100 km,华夏褶皱带及东南沿海岩浆岩带的岩石圈-软流圈界面埋深约为140 km,存在一处岩石圈减薄区和两处软流圈上涌区,反映了伸展构造作用对岩石圈的不均匀改造。 相似文献
20.
To investigate subsurface structure and seismogenic layers, 3D velocity inversion was carried out in the source zone of 1905 Kangra earthquake (M8.0) in the northwestern Himalaya. P-wave and S-wave phase data of 159 earthquakes recorded by a network of 21 stations were used for this purpose. Inverted velocity tomograms up to a depth range of 18 km show significant variations of 14% in Vp and Vs and 6% in the Vp/Vs across the major tectonic zones in the region. Synthesis of seismicity pattern, velocity structure, distinctive focal mechanisms coupled with nature of stress distribution allows mapping of three different source regions that control regional seismotectonics. Accumulating strains are partly consumed by sliding of Chamba Nappe to the southwest through reverse-fault movements along Chamba/Panjal/Main Boundary Thrusts. This coupled with normal-fault type displacements along Chenab Normal Fault in the north account for low magnitude widespread seismicity in upper 8–10 km of the crust. At intermediate depths from 8 to 15 km, adjusting to residual compressive stresses, the detachment or lower end of the MBT slips to produce thrust dominated seismicity. Nucleation of secondary stresses in local NE–SW oriented structure interacts in complex manner with regional stresses to generate normal type earthquakes below the plane of detachment and therefore three seismic regimes at different depths produce intense seismicity in a block of 30 × 30 km2 centered NE to the epicenter of Kangra earthquake. 相似文献