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大多数火山喷发以强酸 (主要是硫酸 )的形式在极地冰芯中留下痕迹 ,通过冰芯连续电导率 (ECM)或各个雪冰样品SO42 - 浓度测定能够恢复历史上的火山作用。极地冰芯中已知年代的火山喷发还可用于冰芯定年。极地冰芯记录的火山信号大小依赖于火山喷发的规模和类型 ,火山喷发的地理位置和酸性气体组成 ,大气气溶胶传输 ,以及沉降地点的年积累率和沉积后生过程等。单个火山喷发通常会导致数月至数年的半球乃至全球范围的气候相对变冷 (这种现象在极区变得更明显 ) ,但过去大规模的爆炸性火山喷发对气候的影响及其与气候变化之间的联系仍有待于进一步研究 相似文献
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本文综述了南极冰盖雪冰中SO24-的来源、SO24-浓度记录的时空分布特征,特别对nssSO24-记录的火山活动事件进行了概括与总结,反映了近年来南极雪冰中SO24-记录的最新研究进展.南极冰盖雪冰中SO24-来源的综述表明南极地区雪冰中的SO24-主要来源于海盐、海洋生物和火山喷发三种.很多研究表明,用南极冰芯中记录的nssS24-可以恢复火山活动的历史,虽然对同一次火山活动,在取自南极不同地区的冰芯中,其浓度和沉积通量大不一样,然而,各次火山活动引起的硫酸根离子的沉积通量相对于Tambora火山的沉积通量的百分比在不同冰芯中却经常具有可比性,这使得利用冰芯中nssSO24-的沉积通量推算历史时期火山喷发的强度成为可能. 相似文献
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本文综述了南极冰盖雪冰中SO2 -4 的来源、SO2 -4 浓度记录的时空分布特征 ,特别对nss SO2 -4 记录的火山活动事件进行了概括与总结 ,反映了近年来南极雪冰中SO2 -4 记录的最新研究进展。南极冰盖雪冰中SO2 -4 来源的综述表明南极地区雪冰中的SO2 -4 主要来源于海盐、海洋生物和火山喷发三种。很多研究表明 ,用南极冰芯中记录的nssSO2 -4 可以恢复火山活动的历史 ,虽然对同一次火山活动 ,在取自南极不同地区的冰芯中 ,其浓度和沉积通量大不一样 ,然而 ,各次火山活动引起的硫酸根离子的沉积通量相对于Tambora火山的沉积通量的百分比在不同冰芯中却经常具有可比性 ,这使得利用冰芯中nssSO2 -4 的沉积通量推算历史时期火山喷发的强度成为可能 相似文献
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本文综述了南极冰盖雪冰中SO2 -4 的来源、SO2 -4 浓度记录的时空分布特征 ,特别对nss SO2 -4 记录的火山活动事件进行了概括与总结 ,反映了近年来南极雪冰中SO2 -4 记录的最新研究进展。南极冰盖雪冰中SO2 -4 来源的综述表明南极地区雪冰中的SO2 -4 主要来源于海盐、海洋生物和火山喷发三种。很多研究表明 ,用南极冰芯中记录的nssSO2 -4 可以恢复火山活动的历史 ,虽然对同一次火山活动 ,在取自南极不同地区的冰芯中 ,其浓度和沉积通量大不一样 ,然而 ,各次火山活动引起的硫酸根离子的沉积通量相对于Tambora火山的沉积通量的百分比在不同冰芯中却经常具有可比性 ,这使得利用冰芯中nssSO2 -4 的沉积通量推算历史时期火山喷发的强度成为可能 相似文献
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冰芯是重建古气候重要的信息载体,因具有分辨率高、保真性强、信息量大、时间尺度长等优点而成为研究热点。中国自1986 年在祁连山敦德获取第一支冰芯起,相继在青藏高原地区钻取了古里雅、马兰、达索普、普若岗日、东绒布等冰芯。本文重点回顾和总结了利用上述冰芯重建古气候的研究成果,分别论述了冰芯作为信息载体反映古气候的主要指标,包括氧同位素与温度、冰芯积累量与降水、大气气溶胶与古环境、微量元素与古环境、冰芯包裹体与古环境,以及冰芯内微生物与古环境的关系等。青藏高原地区冰芯对过去一些极端气候事件、中世纪暖期、小冰期、冰期—间冰期旋回、厄尔尼诺事件、太阳活动规律,以及工业革命以来的全球气候变暖均有不同程度的响应,但纬度差异导致青藏高原地区的响应机制有别于南北极地区;并进一步对比说明了受不同季风系统影响的冰芯在重建古气候上的异同。最后,基于当前研究状况,就加强多学科交叉与创新、新技术应用与代用指标开发、冰芯记录影响因素评估及量化模型构建等未来需要深入的研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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矿物和结构分析揭示了南极洲乔治王岛柯林斯冰帽一支 80 .2 m冰芯中的 9层深褐色沉积物的火山灰特征。本文从冰川处于稳定状态的假定出发 ,根据 Dansgaard- Johnsen流动模式断代结果 ,建立了南设得兰群岛火山喷发序列。依冰芯记录判断 ,该区 1 650年以来的 340年间 ,共有 7轮火山喷发。1 875～ 1 92 5年间似为火山活跃期 ,喷发地点可能主要在欺骗岛 ;1 650～ 1 80 0年间为一相对平静期 ;此后一个世纪不太稳定 ;而过去的 1 0 0年间基本平静 ,只是世纪初和 50～ 70年代间各有一段动荡期。冰芯中记载的大多数火山喷发可在该区有关文献中找到记录。没有记录在案的几例喷发事件需进一步调查。冰芯中缺失 1 967～ 1 970年欺骗岛火山灰层位表明 ,研究得到的火山序列仍未包含所有的喷发事件。但本文展示的该区过去 340年间火山活动基本趋势并不因此而改变。 相似文献
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Wisconsinan and Holocene Climate History from an Ice Core at Taylor Dome, Western Ross Embayment, Antarctica 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Eric J. Steig David L. Morse Edwin D. Waddington Minze Stuiver Pieter M. Grootes Paul A. Mayewski Mark S. Twickler & Sallie I. Whitlow 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2000,82(2-3):213-235
Geochemical data and geophysical measurements from a 554-m ice-core from Taylor Dome, East Antarctica, provide the basis for climate reconstruction in the western Ross Embayment through the entire Wisconsinan and Holocene. In comparison with ice cores from central East and West Antarctica, Taylor Dome shows greater variance of temperature, snow accumulation, and aerosol concentrations, reflecting significant variability in atmospheric circulation and air mass moisture content. Extreme aridity during the last glacial maximum at Taylor Dome reflects both colder temperatures and a shift in atmospheric circulation patterns associated with the advance of the Ross Sea ice sheet and accounts for regional alpine glacier retreats and high lake levels in the Dry Valleys. Inferred relationships between spatial accumulation gradients and ice sheet configuration indicate that advance of the Ross Sea ice sheet began in late marine isotope stage 5 or early stage 4. Precise dating of the Taylor Dome core achieved by trace-gas correlation with central Greenland ice cores shows that abrupt deglacial warming at Taylor Dome was near-synchronous with the ∼14.6 ka warming in central Greenland and lags the general warming trend in other Antarctic ice cores by at least 3000 years. Deglacial warming was following by a warm interval and transient cooling between 14.6 and 11.7 ka, synchronous with the Bølling/Allerød warming and Younger Dryas cooling events in central Greenland, and out of phase with the Antarctic Cold Reversal recorded in the Byrd (West Antarctica) ice core. Rapid climate changes during marine isotope stages 4 and 3 at Taylor Dome are similar in character to, and may be in phase with, the Northern Hemisphere stadial–interstadial (Dansgaard–Oeschger) events. Results from Taylor Dome illustrate the importance of obtaining ice cores from multiple Antarctic sites, to provide wide spatial coverage of past climate and ice dynamics. 相似文献
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LIU Shiyin WANG Ninglian DUAN Keqin XIAO Cunde DING Yongjian HAN Haidong 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(4):401-410
1IntroductionIn the early 1960s, glaciers in western China were classified into maritime- and continental-types by different glacial environment and physical characteristics (Shi and Xie, 1964). With extensive glaciological investigations in the western regions (Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology of CAS, 1988), Lai and Huang (1990) suggested a new classification of temperate, subpolar and quasipolar glaciers, corresponding to the maritime-, subcontinental- and extremely contin… 相似文献
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Glacier inventory compilation during the past 20 years and modifications of that for the Eastern Pamir and Banggong Lake indicate that there are 46,342 modern glaciers with a total area and volume of 59415 km2 and 5601 km3 respectively in China. These glaciers can be classified into maritime and continental (including sub-continental and extremely continental) types. Researches show that glaciers in China have been retreating since the Little Ice Age and the mass wastage was accelerated during the past 30 to 40 years. Being an important part of glaciological studies in China, ice core climatic and environmental studies on Tibetan Plateau and in the Antarctica have provided abundant, high resolution information about past climatic and environmental evolution over the Tibetan Plateau and Antarctica. Except for different parameters recorded in ice cores relating to climate and environment changes on Tibetan Plateau, records from ice cores extracted from different glaciers show that the discrepancies in climatic and environmental changes on the north and south parts of the plateau may be the consequence of different influencing effects from terrestrial and solar sources. Glaciological and meteorological phenomena imply that Lambert Glacier valley is an important boundary of climate in the east Antarctica, which is thought to be connected with cyclonic activities and Circum-polar Waves over the Antarctica. 相似文献
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Glacier inventory compilation during the past 20 years and modifications of that for the Eastern Pamir and Banggong Lake indicate that there are 46,342 modern glaciers with a total area and volume of 59415 km^2 and 5601 km^3 respectively in China. These glaciers can be classified into maritime and continental (including sub-continental and extremely continental) types. Researches show that glaciers in China have been retreating since the Little Ice Age and the mass wastage was accelerated during the past 30 to 40 years. Being an important part of glaciological studies in China,ice core climatic and environmental studies on Tibetan Plateau and in the Antarctica have provided abundant, high resolution information about past climatic and environmental evolution over the Tibetan Plateau and Antarctica. Except for different parameters recorded in ice cores relating to climate and environment changes on Tibetan Plateau, records from ice cores extracted from different glaciers show that the discrepancies in climatic and environmental changes on the north and south parts of the plateau may be the consequence of different influencing effects from terrestrial and solar sources.Glaciological and meteorological phenomena imply that Lambert Glacier valley is an important boundary of climate in the east Antarctica, which is thought to be connected with cyclonic activities and Circum-polar Waves over the Antarctica. 相似文献
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小冰期气候的研究进展 总被引：18，自引：5，他引：13
小冰期是近2ka来的一个重要气候事件,又是目前全球变暖的背景事件,已成为古气候和古环境研究的热点。对此,科学工作者已经做了大量的研究。本文广泛综合前人研究的成果,介绍了小冰期的概况,认为1450-1890年是小冰期的时限,在此期间有三次冷期和两次暖期。冷期发生在1450-1510年、1560-1690年和1790-1890年,其中第二次冷期表现最甚;暖期发生在1510-1560年和1690-1790年。太阳活动和火山活动是小冰期气候变化的主要因素。并重点从冰芯、树轮、湖泊沉积、历史文献和沙漠地层等方面综述了近年来国内外对小冰期气候变化的研究现状。 相似文献