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1.
利用遥感数据评价燃煤电厂空气质量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
卫星观测数据可以评价燃煤电厂的空气质量等级。NO2、SO2 和烟尘是燃煤电厂排放的主要污染物,本文利用卫星遥感观测的NO2、SO2和气溶胶光学厚度AOD(Aerosol Optical Depth)开展燃煤电厂空气质量评价。以中国华北地区为实验区,分析对比了3种污染物不同时间分辨率和空间分辨率的污染状况,确定了单因子的5级分级标准,根据燃煤电厂排放污染物的权重不同,提出了评价近地表空气质量状况的模型。本文综合考虑3种污染因子来反映电厂空气质量,有利于提高评价的准确性以及反应信息的全面性。结果表明,该模型能正确反映不同地区电厂的空气质量特点。 相似文献
2.
近年来,随着城市的发展,空气污染日益严重。目前,我国城市空气质量监测主要依靠空气质量监测站,但监测站数量有限,并且空气质量在一个城市的不同区域会出现较大起伏,单一利用监测站不易发现城市所有位置的空气质量起伏变化。对此,利用带有地理位置信息的新浪微博数据,分析空气污染相关主题微博与空气质量监测站点空气质量指数（air quality index,AQI）数据的相关性,建立两者间的函数关联,提出了一种建立城市空气质量趋势面的方法。实验结果表明,该方法不仅能定性地表现出城市不同区域的相对空气质量,也可定量、细粒度地展示城市空气质量情况。 相似文献
3.
A feasibility study in progress to integrate health and air quality information is presented. The methods of using integrated GIS and air quality dispersion modelling tools to assess the effect of the environment on health are discussed. The main aim is to model human personal exposure to air pollutants and compare the predictions to respiratory health data for asthmatics in a health telematics project. The MEDICATE project develops and tests the feasibility of using a health telematic system for asthmatics. Key to this is the determination of the real-time health (lung function) response to the ambient environment. For this, air quality information is related to respiratory measurements by modelling personal exposure through a GIS. The methods of integrating environmental modelling and assessment tools (GIS) in this case are examined. ESRI's ArcView is used to locate and compile environmental information about the patients' locations and lifestyles in the study areas (London and Barcelona). A dispersion modelling extension to ArcView, ADMS Urban, is used to interrogate the spatial environmental databases (e.g. emission inventories) to model air pollution concentrations. Patients' personal exposure is modelled by time-weighted estimates of their exposure to ambient air quality at each defined location. Lung function data can be compared on a time-wise basis with these air quality indicators to see if there is a relationship on an hourly, daily or lagged-day basis. The aim of this paper is to propose a methodology and discuss the integration and practicalities of using air quality assessment tools (inventories, dispersion modelling and a GIS) in assessing the impacts of the environment on human health. 相似文献
4.
无人机三维空气质量监测研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对现有空气监测缺乏污染垂直分布特征的观测及数据采集覆盖范围有限的问题,该文提出了用无人驾驶飞机搭载微型空气质量检测器监测大气污染的方法,首先分析了传统地面监测站的缺点,并阐述了监测设备的构成;然后从无人驾驶飞机大气污染空间采样方案、污染物数据的准确性及可靠性校正、大气污染时空规律几个方面做了研究;最后选择浙江省临安市青山湖街道、上海奉贤区等地区进行了试验。研究结果能有效补充地面监测站的数据缺失,揭示PM2.5、O3等大气污染物的垂直分布、垂直扩散及区域性输送特征,为空气污染预警和防控对策机制的制定提供重要技术依据。 相似文献
5.
环境与发展是当今世界共同关注的重大问题。目前我国经济正处于高速发展时期,随着经济社会的快速发展和城镇一体化进程的加快,空气污染问题日趋严重,对人体健康造成很大伤害,因此环境保护的重要性日益突出。本文通过建立环境质量空间数据库,利用地理信息软件ArcGIS为基础平台,将环境空气质量监测数据与地理空间位置进行地理匹配,利用地理信息可视化技术,实现环境空气质量监测数据中各主要空气污染物的浓度时间分布的可视化表达,制作环境空气质量专题地图,有助于有效地从海量监测数据中发现有价值的信息,为环境保护部门提供决策参考依据。 相似文献
6.
ABSTRACTThe automated classification of ambient air pollutants is an important task in air pollution hazard assessment and life quality research. In the current study, machine learning (ML) algorithms are used to identify the inter-correlation between dominant air pollution index (API) for PM10 percentile values and other major air pollutants in order to detect the vital pollutants’ clusters in ambient monitoring data around the study area. Two air quality stations, CA0016 and CA0054, were selected for this research due to their strategic locations. Non-linear RPart and Tree model of Decision Tree (DT) algorithm within the R programming environment were adopted for classification analysis. The pollutants’ respective significance to PM10 occurrence was evaluated using Random forest (RF) of DT algorithms and K means polar cluster function identified and grouped similar features, and also detected vital clusters in ambient monitoring data around the industrial areas. Results show increase in the number of clusters did not significantly alter results. PM10 generally shows a reduction in trend, especially in SW direction and an overall minimal reduction in the pollutants’ concentration in all directions is observed (less than 1). Fluctuations were observed in the behaviors of CO and NOx during the day while NOx displayed relative stability. Results also show that a direct and positive linear relationship exists between the PM10 (target pollutant) and CO, SO2, which suggests that these pollutants originate from the same sources. A semi-linear relationship is observed between the PM10 and others (O3 and NOx) while humidity shows a negative linearity with PM10. We conclude that most of the major pollutants show a positive trend toward the industrial areas in both stations while tra?c emissions dominate this site (CA0016) for CO and NOx. Potential applications of nuggets of information derived from these results in reducing air pollution and ensuring sustainability within the city are also discussed. Results from this study are expected to provide valuable information to decision makers to implement viable strategies capable of mitigating air pollution effects. 相似文献
7.
Clodoveu A. Davis Jr. Gisele L. Pappa Diogo Rennó Rocha de Oliveira Filipe de L. Arcanjo 《Transactions in GIS》2011,15(6):735-751
User interaction in social networks, such as Twitter and Facebook, is increasingly becoming a source of useful information on daily events. The online monitoring of short messages posted in such networks often provides insight on the repercussions of events of several different natures, such as (in the recent past) the earthquake and tsunami in Japan, the royal wedding in Britain and the death of Osama bin Laden. Studying the origins and the propagation of messages regarding such topics helps social scientists in their quest for improving the current understanding of human relationships and interactions. However, the actual location associated to a tweet or to a Facebook message can be rather uncertain. Some tweets are posted with an automatically determined location (from an IP address), or with a user‐informed location, both in text form, usually the name of a city. We observe that most Twitter users opt not to publish their location, and many do so in a cryptic way, mentioning non‐existing places or providing less specific place names (such as “Brazil”). In this article, we focus on the problem of enriching the location of tweets using alternative data, particularly the social relationships between Twitter users. Our strategy involves recursively expanding the network of locatable users using following‐follower relationships. Verification is achieved using cross‐validation techniques, in which the location of a fraction of the users with known locations is used to determine the location of the others, thus allowing us to compare the actual location to the inferred one and verify the quality of the estimation. With an estimate of the precision of the method, it can then be applied to locationless tweets. Our intention is to infer the location of as many users as possible, in order to increase the number of tweets that can be used in spatial analyses of social phenomena. The article demonstrates the feasibility of our approach using a dataset comprising tweets that mention keywords related to dengue fever, increasing by 45% the number of locatable tweets. 相似文献
8.
Using Reverse Viewshed Analysis to Assess the Location Correctness of Visually Generated VGI 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
With the increased availability of user generated data, assessing the quality and credibility of such data becomes important. In this article, we propose to assess the location correctness of visually generated Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) as a quality reference measure. The location correctness is determined by checking the visibility of the point of interest from the position of the visually generated VGI (observer point); as an example we utilize Flickr photographs. Therefore we first collect all Flickr photographs that conform to a certain point of interest through their textual labelling. Then we conduct a reverse viewshed analysis for the point of interest to determine if it lies within the area of visibility of the observer points. If the point of interest lies outside the visibility of a given observer point, the respective geotagged image is considered to be incorrectly geotagged. In this way, we analyze sample datasets of photographs and make observations regarding the dependency of certain user/photo metadata and (in)correct geotags and labels. In future the dependency relationship between the location correctness and user/photo metadata can be used to automatically infer user credibility. In other words, attributes such as profile completeness, together with location correctness, can serve as a weighted score to assess credibility. 相似文献
9.
针对当前我国重污染天气实时的空气质量预报问题,该文提出了一种融合随机森林算法与WRF大气模式的PM2.5浓度实时预报方法。该方法结合了北京市地面空气质量监测数据和WRF气象数据进行分析,将高层大气状态(如逆温层高度等)融入了预报模型中,建立了0~72h的PM2.5浓度实时预报模型。实验证明,该模型能够对0~72h单站点的PM2.5浓度进行较高精度的实时预报,且在24~72h的长时预报结果上较基于地面空气污染物数据与地表气象站数据的预报方法精度有明显提升,即该方法可以更好地模拟大气物理化学状态,从而更为精准地进行长时PM2.5浓度预报。 相似文献
10.
个体位置预测在传染病精准防控、公共设施科学规划等应用中具有重要意义,既有位置预测算法主要侧重对个体纵向历史轨迹特征进行挖掘建模,从而实现位置预测,对横向相似性用户的规律特性考虑较少。因此,基于图卷积和长短期记忆模型（long short-term memory,LSTM）框架,提出顾及横向相似用户轨迹特征以及纵向历史规律性特征的个体位置预测算法。首先,构建用户轨迹相似性算法并筛选高相似度用户;然后,利用图卷积模型提取待预测用户相似高的用户轨迹特征;最后,利用LSTM框架提取历史轨迹特征,集成相似用户轨迹特征,从而实现个体位置预测。基于某市8万多个用户连续4个工作日的数据进行实验,结果表明,所提算法的准确率随预测时间步长增加而下降,而夜间预测准确率明显高于白天,但相比于既有模型均有10%以上提高;以15 min为预测时间步长时,模型准确率达80.45%。 相似文献
11.
针对武器装备实验与训练活动中无人机等运动目标位置测量数据少、概率分布未知的工程背景,提出了一种基于MGM(1,N)模型的轨迹预测方法,建立了针对运动目标3个位置坐标的MGM(1,3)模型。数值仿真结果表明,基于MGM(1,N)模型的运动目标轨迹预测方法合理可行,可以预测该周期内任一时刻的位置信息。 相似文献
12.
Inferring the home locations of Twitter users based on the spatiotemporal clustering of Twitter data 
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下载免费PDF全文 Residential locations play an important role in understanding the form and function of urban systems. However, it is impossible to release this detailed information publicly, due to the issue of privacy. The rapid development of location‐based services and the prevalence of global position system (GPS)‐equipped devices provide an unprecedented opportunity to infer residential locations from user‐generated geographic information. This article compares different approaches for predicting Twitter users' home locations at a precise point level based on temporal and spatial features extracted from geo‐tagged tweets. Among the three deterministic approaches, the one that estimates the home location for each user by finding the weighted most frequently visited (WMFV) cluster of that user always provides the best performance when compared with the other two methods. The results of a fourth approach, based on the support vector machine (SVM), are severely affected by the threshold value for a cluster to be identified as the home. 相似文献
13.
Improvement of satellite derived pollution maps with the use of a geostatistical interpolation method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The small number of ground stations for the assessment of the spatial distribution of air pollutants motivates the search
for methods that make use of satellite images. One such method, known as Differential Texture Analysis (DTA), is used to measure
the Aerosol Optical Thickness in the Visible (AOTV), which correlates highly with air quality. With this method, the presence
of clouds and/or land cover changes produce patches of missing values. In this paper we demonstrate that universal kriging
can be used to obtain reasonable estimates for these missing values. The methodology was applied to a satellite derived AOTV
map of the city of Brescia (Italy).
Received: 17 July 2001 / Accepted: 11 December 2001 相似文献
14.
Building an environmental quality index for a big city: a spatial interpolation approach combined with a distance indicator 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
One of the main tasks of regional and environmental economics is to construct Environmental Quality Indexes for big cities.
A standard method is to generate a single measure as a linear combination of several contaminants by applying Principal Component
Analysis. Spatial interpolation is then carried out to determine pollution levels across the city. We innovate on this method
and propose an alternative approach. First, we combine a set of noise and air pollutants measured at a number of monitoring
stations with data available for each census tract. This yields a mixed environmental index that is socioeconomically more
complete. We then apply kriging to match the monitoring station records to the census data. Finally, we construct a composite
pollution index using the Pena Distance method (DP2), which proves more robust than traditional approaches. 相似文献
15.
16.
Assessment of human health impact caused by air pollution is crucial for evaluating environmental hazards. In this paper, concentrations of six air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, O3, and CO) were first derived from satellite observations, and then the overall human health risks in China caused by multiple air pollutants were assessed using an aggregated health risks index. Unlike traditional approach for human health risks assessment, which relied on the in-situ air pollution measurements, the spatial distribution of aggregated human health risks in China were obtained using satellite observations in this research. It was indicated that the remote sensing data have advantages over in-situ data in accessing human health impact caused by air pollution. 相似文献
17.
《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(1):103-120
ABSTRACTPushed by the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm modern sensor networks monitor a wide range of phenomena, in areas such as environmental monitoring, health care, industrial processes, and smart cities. These networks provide a continuous pulse of the almost infinite activities that are happening in the physical space and are thus, key enablers for a Digital Earth Nervous System. Nevertheless, the rapid processing of these sensor data streams still continues to challenge traditional data-handling solutions and new approaches are being requested. We propose a generic answer to this challenge, which has the potential to support any form of distributed real-time analysis. This neutral methodology follows a brokering approach to work with different kinds of data sources and uses web-based standards to achieve interoperability. As a proof of concept, we implemented the methodology to detect anomalies in real-time and applied it to the area of environmental monitoring. The developed system is capable of detecting anomalies, generating notifications, and displaying the recent situation to the user. 相似文献
18.
对流层NO2柱浓度卫星遥感反演综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
NO2是主要的大气痕量气体, 对流层NO2垂直柱密度分布图已经用于诸如污染排放和污染物分布的科学应用研究。就NO2柱浓度的卫星差分光谱吸收反演算法(DOAS)进行了评述, 包括误差分析、验证和发展趋势。对DOAS算法中的主要技术环节进行了详细的阐述, 如ring效应算法、平流层NO2浓度算法和大气质量因子(AMF)问题。论文描述了影响卫星反演NO2浓度, 如云、NO2廓线的先验数据和气溶胶等不确定性因素。针对NO2反演应用需求提出了今后应该加强的内容, 如进一步加强NO2算法研究、发展空气质量探测的静止卫星、重视基于地基多轴被动DOAS和机载平台成像DAOS观测对卫星反演结果的验证。 相似文献
19.
Residential location choice modeling is one of the substantial components of land use and transportation models. While numerous aggregated mathematical and statistical approaches have been developed to model the residence choice behavior of households, disaggregated approaches such as the agent‐based modeling have shown interesting capabilities. In this article, a novel agent‐based approach is developed to simulate the residential location choice of tenants in Tehran, the capital of Iran. Tenants are considered as agents who select their desired residential alternatives according to their characteristics and preferences for various criteria such as the rent, accessibility to different services and facilities, environmental pollution, and distance from their workplace and former residence. The choice set of agents is limited to their desired residential alternatives by applying a constrained NSGA‐II algorithm. Then, agents compete with each other to select their final residence among their alternatives. Results of the proposed approach are validated by comparing simulated and actual residences of a sample of tenants. Results show that the proposed approach is able to accurately simulate the residence of 59.3% of tenants at the traffic analysis zone level. 相似文献
20.
PM2.5浓度时空演化特征分析有助于大气污染的现状和发展认知,但PM2.5浓度监测积累时间较短,且受到排放强度和气象因素的影响,因此可融合全球导航卫星系统（Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS）天顶可降水量（precipitable water vapor,PWV）、风速和大气污染物构建PM2.5浓度模型。以河北省为例,首先分别开展PM2.5浓度与大气污染物、GNSS PWV及风速的相关性分析;然后将大气污染物、GNSSPWV和风速作为输入,PM2.5浓度作为输出,利用逆传播（back propagation,BP）神经网络分别构建城市PM2.5浓度模型和区域PM2.5浓度模型;最后进行PM2.5浓度模型可靠性检验。将模型预测值与PM2.5浓度实测值比较发现,预测PM2.5浓度等级准确率高,相对误差较低。该模型可用于区域PM2.5浓度时空演化特征分析。 相似文献