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1.
矿物的成分和结构对其介电常数的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
一百多种矿物的微波复介电常数的测量结果表明:各类矿物之间的介电特性差异很大,在微波段,ε′和ε″的变化范围为2到4个数量级,在低频段这种差异更大。硫化物类矿物的介电特性变化最大,其次为氧化物类矿物。实验还表明,矿物中的结构水对其介电特性影响不大,而吸附水与ε′之间有如下相关关系:ε′=ε_0~(1p)εw~(15w)。矿物的成分不同,其离子类型、离子半径、离子极化率也不同,使其介电常数发生有规律变化;矿物晶体结构中的不同的结晶方向、结构模式、原子配位数、键型以及矿物的地质产状、变质程度的高低等都能导致介电常数发生很大变化。 相似文献
2.
对新疆东准噶尔贝勒库都克岩体具代表性岩石进行Hf-O同位素测定,结果显示贝勒库都克岩体碱长花岗岩和二长花岗岩锆石具较一致的高正εHf(t)值。两个样品εHf(t)值分别为εHf(t)=12.6±0.3(正长花岗岩)和εHf(t)=12.7±0.3(二长花岗岩),其中二长花岗岩δ18O=9.19。结合微量元素地球化学特征,认为贝勒库都克岩体花岗岩不是直接起源于亏损地幔,源岩可能是该区早期发育的玄武质洋壳与少量陆源沉积物的混合物。 相似文献
3.
在散粒体最大最小孔隙比理论的基础上,采用一种新的液化势指标对不同颗粒级配的二元砂粉混合物进行抗液化能力预测。通过对已有文献数据中砂粉混合物的体积应变势进行计算,分析混合物的细粒含量、粒径比与循环抗力比CRR的关系,结合混合物所处实际孔隙比提出了一个新的液化势指标ε′v。与砂粉混合物的CRR试验数据对比分析显示：各类砂粉混合物的CRR均随ε′v的增大而单调地降低,且两者呈现良好的幂函数关系,并进一步建立了CRR-ε′v关系曲线最佳拟合参数与粒径比的关系。对蒙特利砂混合耶茨维尔粉土试样进行的CRR预测结果表明,ε′v综合反映了土粒径分布、密实状态和颗粒形状的综合影响,是表征砂粉混合物CRR的一个有效指标。实际工程中可代替传统的现场原位试验,仅通过简单的室内试验预测场地土层抗液化能力。 相似文献
4.
为探明不同的样品前处理方法对水中溶解无机碳同位素的影响,寻找最佳的样品前处理方法,本文系统研究了不同样品采集方法（顶空样品瓶和聚乙烯瓶）和保存方法（不同的温度和是否加饱和氯化汞）以及储存时间对不同类型水样溶解无机碳同位素值的影响。结果表明:在水样类型相同的情况下,顶空瓶法较聚乙烯瓶法采集的水样δ13CDIC值更稳定;用聚乙烯瓶采集水样,加入饱和氯化汞能抑制微生物生长,不加饱和氯化汞的水样δ13CDIC值变化无规律且幅度大,而加了饱和氯化汞的水样δ13CDIC值更接近初始值,但随保存温度的升高和保存时间的推移,其δ13CDIC值逐渐偏重,主要受温度升高有利于HCO3-水解并释放CO2的影响;不同类型水样在不加饱和氯化汞条件下,随保存时间加长,岩溶水的δ13CDIC值较初始值偏重,混合水和非岩溶区水δ13CDIC值较初始值偏轻。实验表明,用顶空样品瓶采集的水样保存100天,δ13CDIC最大变化值为0.42‰;用顶空样品瓶采集的水样保存时间长,δ13CDIC值变化小,最能反映样品的初始值,是最佳的样品前处理方法。用聚乙烯瓶采集的水样加饱和氯化汞并保存在5 ℃能满足样品短时间的保存。 相似文献
5.
高灵敏度元素分析仪-连续流同位素质谱法对硅酸盐岩中碳及碳同位素组成的精确测定 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
硅酸盐岩中含有微量的碳,对其精确地分析可以示踪流体的来源和形成过程。元素分析仪-同位素质谱方法(EA-IRMS)是一种使用样品量小、快速的分析方法,本文将EA-IRMS技术应用于硅酸盐岩中微量碳同位素组成的测定,基于一系列条件实验,确认了硅酸盐岩中微量碳分析的EA-IRMS连续流方法的关键条件参数。标准物质选择和归一化处理使用以下方法:(1)选择较宽碳同位素组成范围且合理的碳同位素分布的标准物质,以高纯石英粉末与之混合来模拟天然样品中的基质。(2)利用与样品类似含量的3个标准物质的测量值和标准真值建立校准曲线,对天然样品的测量值进行标准化,从而实现了对硅酸盐岩中低至600!g/g微量碳含量和同位素组成的精确测定。用国家标准物质GBW04416作为未知样品检验了不同含量下拟合的线性方程,在碳含量不低于600!g/g时,标准偏差分别约为0.02‰、0.04‰、0.05‰、-0.07‰、0.11‰;在MERCK+USGS24混合物中,测量的δ13C值在标准误差范围内与理论值是一致的。因此,对于碳含量不低于600!g/g的30 mg硅酸盐岩样品,本方法能够获得高精准度的碳同位素分析结果。根据不同碳含量的标准混合物的峰面积(峰强度)和相对应的含量所建立的线性曲线获得样品的碳含量,碳含量的分析误差在10%以内。 相似文献
6.
根据矿物包体研究试论弓长岭二矿区磁铁富矿的成因及找矿标志 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
弓长岭铁矿二矿区在该矿的西北部,又可分为西北、中央及东南三个区.本文根据矿物流体包体的初步研秃所提供的信息和有关实验资料,结合矿区地质,对矿床成因提出一些粗浅看法.一矿区地质概况铁矿位于弓长岭复背斜东北翼.鞍山群地层呈北西-南东向的条带状分布于混合岩内,遭受区域变质作用,属角闪岩相.据最近用K-Ar等时线法测定的同位素年龄是:含矿岩系的角闪岩和片岩为16.6亿年,靠近含矿岩系的上下混合岩为17亿年,较远的下混合岩为18.69亿年;用U-Pb法测定矿区 相似文献
7.
8.
本文依据西北某地一次综合性航空遥感试验取得的多光谱图象、热红外扫描图象和微波辐射等遥感资料,结合室内对岩矿测量的反射率、复合介电系数、等效温度等资料,用目视判释法对该区地质问题进行了研究。提出了热红外遥感资料和微波遥感资料对寻找铁和水资源前途,同时对断裂构造的判释也很有意义。 相似文献
9.
海洋沉积物有机碳和稳定氮同位素分析的前处理影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海洋沉积物中的有机碳和稳定氮同位素为海洋古环境和碳氮循环提供了大量信息,然而不同的前处理方法对有机碳和稳定氮同位素测定结果的准确性产生不同程度的影响.笔者通过大量条件实验,分析了前处理过程中影响结果准确性的可能因素.①器皿材质:使用聚丙烯和玻璃离心管进行酸处理所得样品的δ13C和δ15N基本无差别.②干燥方式:样品经热烘干燥会导致样品中轻碳组分和易挥发组分的逸散,引起样品中δ13C的分馏.鲜样和酸处理后样均采用热烘干燥会引起样品中δ15N发生明显分馏.③驱酸方式和洗酸程度:水洗造成溶解性有机碳和氮的损失,致使δ13C和δ15N值较真实值偏正,但酸蒸法不能保证氯离子的有效驱除.洗至中性后的洗酸次数对δ13C影响甚小,但会导致δ15N继续偏正.全程采用冷冻干燥,选用PP离心管作为主要酸处理水洗和干燥的器皿,具有很好的重复性,可获得较理想、准确的δ13C和δ15N测试数值. 相似文献
10.
招远金矿田的人工重砂样品中首次发现宇宙尘埃——镍纹石.文中介绍了镍纹石的形态特征、物理性质和x射线粉晶与红外光谱分析结果.在此基础上,作者进一步认定招远金矿是在地层经过混合岩化和花岗岩化作用保留下来的产物. 相似文献
11.
ZHENG Yongchun WANG Shijie OUYANG Ziyuan LI Xiongyao Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang Guizhou Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(2):291-295
Dielectric data for volcanic scoria and basalt on the earth at microwave frequency are extremely sparse, and also crucial for volcanic terrains imaging, and development. In consideration of their similarity to lunar regolith (soils and rocks) in chemical and mineral composition, the dielectric data is significative for passive and active microwave remote sensing on the Moon. This study provides the data about the dielectric properties of three kinds of scoria and two kinds of basalt in China. The method put forward in this paper is also applicable for measuring the dielectric properties of dry rocks and other granular ground materials with low complex dielectric constants. Firstly, the authors measured the ε‘ and tanδ values of strip specimens prepared from the mixture of scoria or basalt powder and polythene with the resonant cavity perturbation method at 9370 MHz. Secondly, from the ε‘ and tang values of the mixture, the ε‘s and tanδs values of sofid scoria and basalt were calculated using Lichtenecker‘s mixture formulae. Finally, the effective complex dielectric constants, ε‘e and tanδs, of scoria at different bulk densities were calculated. The results have shown that the ε‘s and tang svalues of all solid basaltic materials measured (both solid basaltic scoria or basalt) are approximately 7 and 0.05,respectively. With increasing bulk density of scoria, the ε‘s and tanδs values of scoria increase significantly. 相似文献
12.
Dielectric spectra of water-containing rocks forming a mineral framework of the oil-saturated bed (clay minerals amount to<16%) were measured in the frequency range from 500 MHz to 15 GHz and in the temperature range from 20 to 80 °C. A physical model for computing spectra of the dielectric permittivity and effective conductivity of the studied rocks has been elaborated. Its input parameters are water (salt solution) content and temperature. The errors of the computed spectra relative to the measured ones are estimated. 相似文献
13.
The dielectric constants and dielectric loss values of 4 Ca-containing minerals were determined at 1 MHz using a two-terminal method and empirically determined edge corrections. The results are: vesuvianitel κ′ a=9.93 tan δ=0.006 κ′ c=9.79 tan δ=0.005 vesuvianitel κ′ a=10.02 tan δ=0.002 κ′ c=9.85 tan δ=0.003 zoisite1 κ′ a =10.49 tan δ=0.0006 κ′ b =15.31 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ c=9.51 tan δ=0.0008 zoisite2 κ′ a =10.55 tan δ=0.0011 κ′ b =15.45 tan δ=0.0013 κ′ c=9.39 tan δ=0.0008 epidote κ′ 11= 9.52 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ 22=17.1 tan δ=0.0009 κ′ 33= 9.37 tan δ=0.0006 fluorapatite1 κ′ a =10.48 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ c = 8.72 tan δ=0.0114 fluorapatite2 κ′ a =10.40 tan δ=0.0010 κ′ c=8.26 tan δ=0.0178 The deviation (δ) between measured dielectric polarizabilities as determined from the Clausius-Mosotti equation and those calculated from the sum of oxide polarizabilities according to α D (mineral)=∑ α D (oxides) for vesuvianite is ～ 0.5%. The large deviations of epidote and zoisite from the additivity rule with Δ=+ 10.1 and + 11.7%, respectively, are attributed to “rattling” Ca ions. The combined effects of both a large F thermal parameter and possible F-ion conductivity in fluorapatite are believed to be responsible for Δ=+2–3%. Although variation of oxygen polarizability with oxygen molar volume (Vo) is believed to affect the total polarizabilities, the variation of Vo in these Ca minerals is too small to observe the effect. 相似文献
14.
岩石含气量是页岩气资源量评价及勘探开发的关键性技术指标,其测试技术与方法尚处于发展与完善过程中。利用恒温解析-氢火焰离子检测法对柴达木盆地柴页1井侏罗系大煤沟组不同岩性的岩心进行了页岩气解析测试,通过对解析曲线和含气量数据分析研究发现：①页岩气解析测试的气体释放过程包括一系列的复杂解析过程,而非简单的解吸附过程,具有多级性,其解析速率曲线表现出多峰性;②岩石中吸附气的解吸量在早期恒温解析阶段遵循USBM直线规律,这一时间段的解析数据适合于计算损失气量;③岩石中的残余气是被岩石的物理构造所限滞的气体部分,应该在将岩石粉碎后测定;④将含页岩气岩心短期封存对于解析气测定结果的影响不大,在30天内完成测试即可。这些认识对于页岩气解析测试技术方法的改进、完善与规范具有重要参考价值。 相似文献
15.
Xiao Yi Li Shuang Niu Shengli Li Yanhua Ke Shizhen Deng Hongwen 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(4):1059-1070
Dielectric measurements, in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 15 MHz, were carried out using an insulating film method, on
shaly and clean sandstone samples, dry, oil-impregnated, partially or fully saturated with fresh water or solutions of NaCl,
at different concentrations. The results show that two kinds of polarization relating to interface dominate: the inner surface
polarization (ISP) at the pore surface in rocks and the outer surface polarization (OSP) on the outer surface of the rock
sample. Both ISP and OSP are of the Debye type and can be fitted very well using the Cole–Cole equation. The dielectric spectra
of ISP reflect the length scale of pore size or throat size, whereas the relaxation strength depends heavily on the inner
pore surface area. Clay contributes to dispersion in rocks, mainly through increasing the inner surface. When the effect of
water content is minimized, the dielectric properties measured on brine-wetted rock samples show great salinity dependence.
The increase in salinity shifts the relaxation spectra to the high frequency end; it also enhances the relaxation strength.
In the frequency range studied, no dispersion in dry and oil-saturated samples has been observed, which underscores the key
role played by water in dielectric polarization in rocks. 相似文献
16.
New in situ techniques for the estimation of the dielectric properties and moisture content of soils
Jean-Pierre Frangi Daniel-Christian Richard Xavier Chavanne Idris Bexi Florence Sagnard Vincent Guilbert 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2009,341(10-11):831-845
Two original in situ HF techniques of dielectric characterization in two wide bands have been developed in order to estimate the moisture content of soils by complex impedance measurement. These techniques are based on the capacitive effect (1–20 MHz) and on the propagation of electromagnetic waves at high frequencies (0.1–4 GHz). The two measurement techniques use straight conductors that are inserted into the soil. Specific inversion algorithms were developed to estimate the apparent real permittivity of the soil versus frequency from the complex impedance. The validation of both instruments was made in the laboratory in the presence of dry and wet sands. In situ experiments were also made at high frequencies. These complementary devices should enlarge the range of usual soil moisture measurement techniques. 相似文献
17.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2015,56(7):1065-1073
Experimental measurements of the dielectric permittivity and equivalent conductivity of sandy-clayey samples (a mixture of river sand with bentonite or kaolin) saturated with salt-solution-diesel-fuel emulsions were performed in the frequency range from 10 kHz to 1 GHz at temperatures of 25-65 °C. It is shown that when the content of the salt solution in the saturating fluid does not exceed 10%, the dielectric permittivity in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 1 GHz depends little on the mineral composition of the sample and on the concentration of the saturating solution. When the portion of water is 33.3% or higher, increasing the concentration of the salt solution leads to an increase in the equivalent conductivity and the real part of the complex dielectric permittivity. Using the refractive model of the complex dielectric permittivity, we have estimated the dielectric properties of bound water, which depend on temperature and the type of clay (bentonite or kaolin) in the sand-clay mixture but are independent of the water saturation and the amount of clay in the sample. 相似文献
18.
Robert D. Shannon Robert A. Oswald George R. Rossman 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1992,19(3):166-170
The dielectric constants and dissipation factors of topaz, scapolite and orthoclase were determined at 1 MHz using a two-terminal method and empirically determined edge corrections. The results are: topaz κ′ a =6.61 tan δ=0.0005 κ′ b =6.82 tan δ=0.0007 κ′ c =6.81 tan δ=0.0007 orthoclase κ′ a =4.69 tan δ=0.0007 κ′ b =5.79 tan δ=0.0007 κ′ c =5.63 tan δ=0.0011 κ′ 11 =4.72 κ′ 22 =5.79 κ′ 33 =5.76 scapolite κ′ a =6.74 tan δ=0.0004 κ′ c =8.51 tan δ=0.0004 The deviation (Δ) between measured dielectric polarizabilities as determined from the Clausius-Mosotti equation and those calculated from the sum of ion polarizabilities according to α D (mineral)=∑αD (ions) for topaz is 2.5%. The large deviations of orthoclase and scapolite from the oxide additivity rule with δ=+7.2 and + 17.6%, respectively, are attributed to “rattling” K ions in orthoclase and “rattling” (Na,K,Ca) ions and disordered O= and Cl- ions in scapolite. 相似文献
19.
R. D. Shannon M. A. Subramanian S. Hosoya G. R. Rossman 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1991,18(1):1-6
The dielectric constants and dissipation factors of synthetic tephroite (Mn2SiO4), fayalite (Fe3SiO4) and a forsteritic olivine (Mg1.80Fe0.22SiO4) were measured at 1 MHz using a two-terminal method and empirically determined edge corrections. The results are: tephroite, κ′a= 8.79 tan δa = 0.0006 κ′b = 10.20 tan δb = 0.0006 κ′c= 8.94 tan δc= 0.0008 fayalite, gk′a = 8.80 tan δa = 0.0004 gk′b= 8.92 tan δb = 0.0018 gk′c = 8.58 tan δc = 0.0010 olivine, gk′a = 7.16 tan δa = 0.0006 gk′b = 7.61 tan δb = 0.0008 gk′c = 7.03 tan δc = 0.0006 The low dielectric constant and loss of the fayalite indicate an exceptionally low Fe3+ content. An FeO polarizability of 4.18 Å3, determined from αD(FeO) = [αD (Fe2SiO4)-αD(SiO2)]/2, is probably a more reliable value for stoichiometric FeO than could be obtained from FexO where x = 0.90–0.95. The agreement between measured dielectric polarizabilities as determined from the Clausius-Mosotti equation and those calculated from the sum of oxide polarizabilities according to αD(M2M′X2) = 2αD(MX) + αD(M′X2) is ～+2.8% for tephroite and +0.2% for olivine. The deviation from additivity in tephroite is discussed. 相似文献
20.
通过同位素年龄、岩石化学、造岩矿物、副矿物、稀土元素、成岩物理化学条件和自变质作用等方面,讨论了诸广山复式岩体中斑状和小斑状二云母花岗岩的期次划分。同时,根据花岗岩的若干地质和地球化学特征变化规律,运用微量元素定量模式,探讨了花岗岩浆的演化机制。 相似文献