共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
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地震应急指挥辅助决策系统 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本系统将地震应急辅助自动化和人工应急数据处理有机结合于一体 ,能在地震震中定位后几十秒内自动生成震中位置图、裂度线分布图 ,完成震害快速分级评估 ,及应急具体详细方案选择 ,并能随应急工作进展快速调整应急方案、重新评估地震灾害。 相似文献
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“上海市防震减灾应急决策信息系统”的建立 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为适应上海经济建设高速发展和超大城市防震减灾工作的需要,已将ＧＩＳ技术应用于“上海市防震减灾应争决策信息系统（宝山试点区）”,此系统由七个功能模块组成,即：地震地质基本信息、地震灾害快速评估子系统、地震应急决策信息子系统、信息查询、系统维护管理、帮助、退出等,其核心部分地地震灾害快速评估子系统和地震应急决策信息子系统。还介绍了航片遥感技术在ＧＩＳ中的应用。 相似文献
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隔震技术在防震减灾中心大楼应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
福建省防震减灾中心大楼是十五期间福建省城市防震减灾体系工程的一个项目 ,也是省委省政府为民办实事项目之一。该大楼主要承担全省地震监测、预报中心 ,通讯网络中心 ,地震应急指挥中心 ,地震科普宣传中心等功能。为了保证大楼各系统安全 ,大楼设计施工采用叠层橡胶支座隔震技术 ,通过设置水平柔性隔震层使结构体系柔化 ,以达到减少或改变结构的水平地震力作用。不仅能在强地震中有效保护建筑结构和地震值班人员的安全 ,而且能够保护结构的装修和仪器设备免遭破坏 ,从而确保人数整体功能在紧急状态下能得以正常运行 ,为应急指挥、抗震救灾提供良好的服务。 相似文献
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应急测绘为各类自然灾害事件提供了地理信息和现代测绘技术的基础支撑,是指挥决策和抢险救灾的保障和依据。应急测绘保障的指挥调度作为应急测绘保障体系中的一个关键环节,却面临着在自然灾害发生时指挥调度人员不能实时掌握应急资源状态,应急测绘保障过程中应急测绘队伍无法及时准确获得应急测绘保障任务的信息等问题。本文采用分层架构技术软件设计方法,通过分析研究顾及实时路况的行进路线规划、基于灾情动态发展的应急测绘人员调度等关键技术,设计完成了具有应急资源信息实时获取、应急资源智能调度、应急测绘指挥一张图等特点的应急测绘保障与指挥调度系统。 相似文献
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地震以其突发性和巨大破坏性给人类生存安全、社会经济发展和社会稳定带来严重危害。我省地处我国东南沿海地震带 ,地震活动比较活跃。在全面建设小康社会发展进程中 ,随着经济发展、人民生活逐步富裕 ,社会文明进一步提高 ,更加需要一个稳定的发展环境和安全的生存空间。为此 ,建立健全地震应急救援体系 ,不断提高地震应急反应综合能力 ,使地震造成的人员伤亡和经济损失减至最小 ,对社会的影响降至最低。地震应急救援体系是由政府统一领导指挥、地震部门综合协调 ,以各级抗震救灾指挥部和专业地震灾害救援队为主 ,联合各灾种管理部门和包括志愿者在内的其他救援力量 ,实施地震应急救援 ,相互支援、分工协作的综合应急救援协调系统。加强地震应急预案管理 ,快速、有序、高效、恰当地实施地震应急工作 ,建立社会动员机制 ,有效动员和组织社会力量 ,减少地震损失 ,是该体系中重要的基础工作 ,是我省“十一五”期间完善地震应急救援体系的主要工作内容。 相似文献
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本文通过对地震应急的特征、国内外震例的分析 ,结合莆田市破坏性地震应急预案和莆田市地震局震情应急工作方案条文 ,对政府和各部门的地震应急预案衔接等问题提出具体方法 ,以提高地震应急工作的效率和能力 ,最大限度地减轻地震灾害造成的损失。 相似文献
8.
《地壳构造与地壳应力文集》2014,(0)
县(市)地震应急救援能力的高低直接关系到每次地震应急救援工作的成效,但许多县(市)在近年来的几次大震应急救援实践中暴露出了不少问题。通过对近年来几次大震应急救援案例分析,并参考相关文献资料,总结了县(市)地震应急救援能力建设中存在的薄弱环节,主要包括:对本县(市)地震应急救援能力建设需求缺乏长远规划、灾情信息收集与交互能力弱、抗震救灾基础设施薄弱、应急救援人力物力资源的整合与协调不到位、对农村地区地震应急救援能力建设重视不够以及居民自救互救能力不足等;提出了消除县(市)地震应急救援能力建设薄弱环节的建议。 相似文献
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液化场地桩基桥梁震害响应大型振动台模型试验研究 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
采用大型振动台进行液化场地桩基桥梁震害响应模型试验,很好再现了自然地震触发场地液化及结构破坏的各种宏观现象。0.15gEl Centro波输入下,上部砂层局部液化,桩-柱墩加速度主要表现为低频反应,桩动应变幅值自下而上很快增大、到达地表则大幅度减小。0.5gEl Centro波输入下,整个砂层全部液化,桩被折断且加速度也主要表现为低频反应,桩动应变幅值自下而上很快增大、到达地表则大幅度减小。砂层液化与否,对桩-柱墩动力反应影响很大。 相似文献
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In the collaborative mapping of disasters, response situations and decisions, it is important to support various emergency responders with a unified platform to help in decision making and coordinating emergency action. However, most existing symbol libraries focus primarily on representing disasters and related information. These libraries lack specific symbols to map response situations and emergency decisions. For representation of dynamic disasters and response factors, these symbols support rich interactive editing after the symbols are mapped. In addition, decision making and mapping of disasters and response situations typically involve different domains of expertise and different responsibilities of map makers. It is essential to construct a collaborative mapping engine that supports disaster and emergency mapping on a collaborative platform. However, most existing methods of collaboration cannot readily support collaboration on symbols containing complex data structures or accommodate rich interactive editing operations. This article proposes a collaborative mapping engine for dynamic disasters and emergency responses. To support collaborative mapping based on complex data structures and rich interactive map symbols, it proposes a method of mapping operation replication to implement collaboration. Additionally, strategies were designed to enhance the efficiency and stability of collaboration. Finally, an experiment was conducted using the Wenchuan earthquake as an example. The results reveal that the engine can contribute to improved mapping efficiency and management during emergencies. 相似文献
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A shakemap system providing rapid estimates of strong ground shaking could be useful for emergency response providers in a
damaging earthquake. A hybrid procedure, which combines site-dependent ground motion prediction models and the limited observations
of the Real-Time Digital stream output system (RTD system operated by Central Weather Bureau, CWB), was set up to provide
a high-resolution shakemap in a near-real-time manner after damaging earthquakes in Taiwan. One of the main factors that affect
the result of ground motion prediction analysis is the existence of site effects. The purpose of this paper is to investigate
the local site effects and their influence in the ground shaking and then establish an early estimation procedure of potential
hazard for damaging earthquakes. Based on the attenuation law, the site effects of each TSMIP station are discussed in terms
of a bias function that is site and intensity-level dependent function. The standard deviation of the site-dependent ground
motion prediction model can be significantly reduced. The nonlinear behavior of ground soil is automatically taken into account
in the intensity-level dependent bias function. Both the PGA and the spectral acceleration are studied in this study. Based
on the RTD data, event correctors are calculated and applied to precisely estimate the shakemap of damaging earthquakes for
emergency response. 相似文献
14.
Iware Matsuda Dr. 《GeoJournal》1996,38(3):349-353
Although Tokyo City has frequently suffered from earthquake disasters, more than 70 years have passed since the last catastrophe of 1923. Because Tokyo has a greater probability now than ever of being hit by another major earthquake, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government has carried out two surveys for taking measures to cope with it; earthquake vulnerability assessment and earthquake damage prediction. The former assesses earthquake vulnerability regionally and is used for disaster-proof city planning. Damage due to the expected earthquake is quantitatively estimated in the latter. The results are used for making a regional disaster prevention plan in an emergency. Both physical and human geographers participate in these interdisciplinary surveys effectively. 相似文献
15.
模糊神经网络在矿震预测中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
矿震同天然地震一样会给矿山生产及人身安全等带来重大灾难。也是目前尚不能准确预测的矿山灾害现象之一。根据现有的研究成果可知，矿震是一个多输入、多干扰、单输出的复杂系统。由于干扰项的存在，使利用建模、神经网络等手段对系统进行预测时会导致很大误差。模糊神经网络系统在建立对象输入、输出关系时与传统数学方法不同。即可以建立在无模型基础上，并利用其较强的学习训练特性，自动获取对象的输入、输出关系表达；可以将专家的评价语言作为系统的干扰项引入。这在一定程度上缓解了人为因素对预测结果的影响，且平滑了观测数据的随机性。文章利用改进的模糊神经网络及抚顺老虎台矿的矿震资料，对矿震最大震级的预测方法进行了探索。‘初步探讨了改进的模糊神经网络在矿震预测中的应用。得出在运用模糊神经网络进行预测时，为减小预测误差，应综合多种因素并提高专家评判语言的精确度的结论。指出在建立矿震系统预测模型时，利用干扰项将人为因素引入系统是必需的。通过实际应用证明其可行性。 相似文献
16.
城市应急管理模型之设计 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着城市建设的快速发展 ,各类危及国家和人民群众生命财产安全的突发性事故灾害时有发生 ,尽管各有关部门的抢救队伍在实施抢险救援中发挥了积极作用 ,但各抢险救援力量专业单一、分散行动 ,形成不了合力 ,难以及时有效处置重大或特大突发性、综合性、大面积的城市事故灾害 ,特别是像地震以及的美国的 9 1 1那样突发性事故。我们目前开展的震害预测与灾害快速评估系统只是针对地震的 ,而地震是小概率事件。因此要应对城市各种重大突发事件 ,城市有必要建立一种应急机制或综合的应急管理信息系统。根据“数字城市”的思想 ,通过一个通信系统与信息系统集成的平台 ,统一协调公安、消防、急救、交警、公共事业、民防、地震等政府部门 ,为市民提供快速、及时的各种救助和相应的服务。统一报警、统一指挥、快速反应、联合行动 ,从而有效地减少损失。 相似文献
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地热能赋存于地球内部岩土体、流体和岩浆体中,是一种永久的、可再生的、储量丰富的清洁能源。地热能的开发,尤其是干热岩的开发利用,有可能成为解决人类未来能源危机的重要途径。目前采用的干热岩开采方法被称为增强型地热系统(EGS)。热储地质环境的复杂性和水力化措施对天然裂隙的依赖性,造成多数的EGS项目存在热储体积和换热面积不足、工质流量小、终端温度低,以及诱发地震风险等局限性,致使干热岩开发始终未能大规模商业化。基于开挖的增强型地热系统(EGS-E)的提出为突破传统EGS的技术弊端和规模局限提供了新思路。文章在其概念模型的基础上,从系统原理、工程构想、技术优势等方面对EGS-E进行了更详尽的阐述。EGS-E采用开挖、爆破、崩落等采矿技术,形成了独特的热储致裂系统和热能交换系统,能够大幅度降低地质环境对热储质量的限制,具备构建定制的热储空间、形成充足的换热面积,维持稳定的工质流量与温度及减少诱发地震风险等优势,为干热岩开发的商业化提供了新的解决方案。 相似文献
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Tadashi Tanaka 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(2):277-286
Many big earthquakes have occurred in the tectonic regions of the world, especially in Japan. Earthquakes often cause damage to crucial life services such as water, gas and electricity supply systems and even the sewage system in urban and rural areas. The most severe problem for people affected by earthquakes is access to water for their drinking/cooking and toilet flushing. Securing safe water for daily life in an earthquake emergency requires the establishment of countermeasures, especially in a mega city like Tokyo. This paper described some examples of groundwater use in earthquake emergencies, with reference to reports, books and newspapers published in Japan. The consensus is that groundwater, as a source of water, plays a major role in earthquake emergencies, especially where the accessibility of wells coincides with the emergency need. It is also important to introduce a registration system for citizen-owned and company wells that can form the basis of a cooperative during a disaster; such a registration system was implemented by many Japanese local governments after the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995 and the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, and is one of the most effective countermeasures for groundwater use in an earthquake emergency. Emphasis is also placed the importance of establishing of a continuous monitoring system of groundwater conditions for both quantity and quality during non-emergency periods. 相似文献
19.
Determining the main controlling factors of earthquake-triggered geohazards is a prerequisite for studying earthquake geohazards and post-disaster emergency response. By studying these factors, the geomorphic and geological factors controlling the nature, condition, and distribution of earthquake-induced geohazards can be analyzed. Such insights facilitate earthquake disaster prediction and emergency response planning.The authors combined field investigations and spatial data analysis to examine... 相似文献