共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Land use changes from natural ecosystems to industrial agriculture have impacted water quality and wildlife populations in the Mississippi River basin. Government programs providing technical assistance and monetary incentives have not resulted in adequate adoption rates of conservation practices. While there has been a plethora of research examining the factors associated with conservation adoption, significantly less is understood about the relative importance of these factors. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with agricultural producers in three Midwestern watersheds, we assess the relative importance of environmental and production decision criteria when making decisions to adopt conservation practices. Although AHP provides insight into how decisions may be made at the watershed scale, this methodology also provides insight into how individuals make conservation decisions and may also provide a method for delivering tailored conservation advice and communications. 相似文献
2.
《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2018,39(2):300-316
This study was conducted in Tehuledere district, northeastern Ethiopia. The objective was to find out farmers' preferences for, and barriers to, adopting climate smart agricultural (CSA) practices. Both primary and secondary sources of data were collected using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Conjoint experiment method was employed to identify the most preferred attributes of CSA practices. We found that high and moderate climate resilience and high crop yield agricultural practices had a positive utility, implying that these were the most preferred combination of CSA when responding to climate change. Contrary to this, high greenhouse gas emissions, low climate resilience and low crop yield had a negative utility, implying that these were the least preferred combination of CSA when responding to climate change. The study found that crop yield and resilience are the most important factors influencing farmers' preferences for CSA practices. The main barriers limiting wide adoption and practicing of CSA include inadequate law enforcement, lack of incentives, inadequate and unreliable extension and weather information. The study established that CSA practices were viable and effective response measures, hence increased support through adoption of innovative technologies, policies and strategies to address the barriers and widen the adoption scope of CSA is recommended. 相似文献
3.
This study provides a unique examination of Amish farmers’ awareness of water quality issues and their attitudes toward and use of agricultural conservation practices compared with small non-Amish farmers in Northeastern Indiana. There is minimal research about the conservation beliefs and behaviors of this growing and highly diverse ethnoreligious minority, who have faith-based technological restrictions and are often hesitant to work with community outsiders, especially the government. We find that, compared with non-Amish farmers, Amish farmers have limited awareness of the linkages between common agricultural practices and broader water quality problems and lower levels of adoption of conservation practices, with the exception of cover crops. This information is essential for conservation practitioners who need to work with a diverse range of agricultural producers to increase the uptake of conservation practices that address critical water quality concerns. 相似文献
4.
《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2006,26(1):40-60
In the inter-Andean valleys of Bolivia decisive key-factors influencing farm households' soil and water conservation investments were determined. The household's progressiveness most influences the decision how much to invest; dynamic and responsible families are among the first. Economic stratum is also important; more income from agriculture leads to higher investments in conservation practices. These practices are preferably executed on fields where the required effort is least and where the impact is highest. Based on these results, four concrete recommendations are given for a SWC strategy that aims at motivating farmers for the adoption of soil and water conservation practices. 相似文献
5.
Managing sustainable farmed landscape through 'alternative' food networks: a case study from Italy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LEWIS HOLLOWAY ROSIE COX† LAURA VENN‡ MOYA KNEAFSEY‡ ELIZABETH DOWLER§ HELENA TUOMAINEN§ 《The Geographical journal》2006,172(3):219-229
This paper focuses on a case study of an 'alternative' food network based in the Abruzzo National Park, Italy, to explore how ideas of sustainable farmland management can be expressed through broader understandings of developing networks of care concerned with local economies and societies, high-quality specialist food products, particular 'traditional' farming practices and livestock breeds, as well as the ecology of a farmed landscape. The scheme allows customers, internationally as well as in Italy, to 'adopt' a milking sheep on a large mountain farm. In return, adopters are sent food products from the farm. The adoption scheme is inter-twined with an agri-tourism project which provides accommodation, runs a restaurant and engages in educational activities. The scheme is the result of the individual initiative of its founder, and is associated with a strongly expressed ethical position concerning the value of sustaining valued local rural landscapes and lifestyles, and the importance of 'reconnecting' urban dwellers with rural areas, farming and 'quality' food production. Yet the localness of the scheme is sustained through wider national and international networks: volunteer and paid workers are drawn from several European countries, funding has been acquired from the EU LEADER programme, and internet and transport technologies are essential in connecting with and supplying an international customer base. The broader economy of care instanced in this case study draws attention to a need to develop strategies for sustainable farmland management constructed around wider programmes of social, economic and cultural, as well as environmental, concern. 相似文献
6.
Abstract Appropriate technology (AT) has become an integral part of the programmes for decentralized regional development in the Third World. ‘Appropriate’ techniques are usually low in capital costs; they can be maintained without a high level of expertise; and they do not involve patents, expensive copyrights and royalties. By these criteria a commercial geographical information system (GIS) is not an appropriate technology to be used in decentralized development However, the use of local renewable resources involves the adoption of end-use analysis for matching end-uses to specific sources so as to minimize the consumption of material and energy (i.e., minimize entropy). This matching requires much information which leads to what may be called the 'information-entropy trade-off; minimization of entropy requires an inverse increase in information. In this respect computers and GIS have an important contribution to make to decentralized regional planning. Drawing on a case study in Sri Lanka, this paper presents some ideas on how to incorporate GIS into local-level planning information systems. 相似文献
7.
Many conservation initiatives are based on natural science alone, despite an extensive body of literature demonstrating that the incorporation of social science generates more successful and lasting outcomes. The Land Use Value (LUV) scale is an example of a social science tool that grassland conservation practitioners can use to improve their understanding of the land use decisions of private agricultural landowners. Drawing on data from a mail survey, we demonstrated the utility of the LUV scale to segment agricultural producers by four LUV types (Humans First, Nature First, Interconnected, and Disconnected) with significantly different motivations and land use behaviors. This information can be used to evaluate and align grassland conservation practices, policies, and messaging with the LUV types of private agricultural landowners. Tools like the LUV scale are critical to building the social science capacity of conservation professionals and organizations, in order to improve the efficacy of conservation initiatives. 相似文献
8.
《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(3):133-143
Despite being promoted as a fresh start, new innovation programmes tend to inherit structures and procedures from previous initiative. The authors examine the regional implementation of the Norwegian VRI programme (Programme for Regional R&D and Innovation). Using insights from evolutionary theory, they elaborate on the coexistence of continuity and change in programme practice. Characteristics of previous programmes that have been followed in the new VRI programme are outlined, and new elements and procedures that have been introduced are tracked. The authors find that the new programme does not mark a radical break with the past, and clearly shows path-dependent evolution. Based on the assumption that ‘history matters’, the article contributes towards a more nuanced understanding of the various dimensions of path dependency. 相似文献
9.
Understanding what drives farmers’ voluntary adoption of nutrient and soil best management practices has important consequences for many environmental outcomes including water quality. We build on research revealing the need for simultaneous use of multiple nitrogen best management practices to achieve water quality improvement goals. Using social, economic and attitudinal variables we predict the use of multiple nitrogen best management practices at three time points: current use (2013), past use (before 2013), and likelihood of use on their largest field in the next three years. Our empirical analysis uses structural equation modeling with latent variables and 2014 farmer survey data from three Midwestern US states. Most farmers in our sample used at least one of the six best management practices. Our results reveal that farmers’ attitudes, use of information sources, and conservation program participation affect the number of nitrogen best management practices concurrently in use at multiple time points. 相似文献
10.
G. GRAY TAPPAN DONALD G. MOORE WALTER I. KNAUSENBERGER 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(1):123-135
Abstract Development programmes in Sahelian Africa are beginning to use geographic information system (GIS) technology. One of the GIS and remote sensing programmes introduced to the region in the late 1980s was the use of seasonal vegetation maps made from satellite data to support grasshopper and locust control. Following serious outbreaks of these pests in 1987, the programme addressed a critical need, by national and international crop protection organizations, to monitor site-specific dynamic vegetation conditions associated with grasshopper and locust breeding. The primary products used in assessing vegetation conditions were vegetation index (greenness) image maps derived from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellite imagery. Vegetation index data were integrated in a GIS with digital cartographic data of individual Sahelian countries. These near-real-time image maps were used regularly in 10 countries for locating potential grasshopper and locust habitats. The programme to monitor vegetation conditions is currently being institutionalized in the Sahel. 相似文献
11.
MUSISI NKAMBWE 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(1):111-122
Abstract Problems with data organization for increasingly complex resource utilization and regional programmes have encouraged Botswana to turn to a geographical information systems approach. A major project to carry this out, based in the Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, is outlined in this paper. The paper documents the design of the programme and lists its modules and variables. It also reports on important considerations that have been taken into account in evaluating the programme's data sets and gives results from an illustrative pilot project that has been undertaken. 相似文献
12.
农户保护性耕作技术采纳行为及其影响因素研究综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
保护性耕作对于防止水土流失、改善土壤质量、保障国家粮食安全等具有重要意义。农户作为保护性耕作技术采纳的直接决策者,研究其采纳行为及其影响因素有助于促进保护性耕作技术的推广应用。基于此,论文系统梳理了国内外农户保护性耕作技术采纳行为及其影响因素的相关研究,以期为更有效的技术推广提供参考。结果发现：不同类型农户的保护性耕作技术采纳行为存在较大差异;农户保护性耕作技术采纳的研究区域较为集中;影响农户保护性耕作技术采纳行为的因素主要包括基本因素(个体特征和家庭特征)和差别因素(社会网络、风险偏好与风险感知、政府政策、心理认知及区位特征)2类。基于上述分析,论文提出了未来重点的研究方向：技术推广要考虑农户群体内的异质性;应注重各种研究理论间的融合;未来可进一步加强多学科交叉的系统研究。 相似文献
13.
Huimin Zhang Fangdao Qiu Qiang Wei Lianjun Tong Xinyue Ye Yeqing Cheng 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(5):875-888
The relationship between economic development and energy consumption is revealed by employing cointegration theory, the index decomposition method, and a log-linear regression approach based on a case study of Jilin Province, China. The results suggest： 1） the economic development and energy consumption are interdetermined, whose relationship is positive and long-term. The economic development is highly depending on the energy in Jilin Province. 2） Under the condition of other unchanged factors, the change of industrial energy efficiency contributes to the energy saving, while that of industrial structure increases the energy consumption. 3） The industrial structure change enhances the energy intensity, but the energy utility efficiency change lowers it. From the view of contribution to the energy consumption, the contribution of industrial structure was more than that of the energy utility efficiency in 2000-2011. 4） In 2000-2011, the comprehensive energy intensity change and hydroelectricity energy intensity change were related to all industrial structures＇ change, and the influencing factors about structure of oil energy intensity change were more than those of coal energy intensity change; from the impact degree, agricultural proportion decreased exerted an positive and greater effect on lowering the energy intensity of comprehensive energy and hydroelectricity, and industrial one did on coal and natural gas. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows： the major way to promote the coordinated development of the industrial economy and energy consumption is to optimize the industrial structure by increasing the proportion of the tertiary industry and low energy consumption industrial sectors and to enhance the energy utility efficiency. 相似文献
14.
The relationship between economic development and energy consumption is revealed by employing cointegration theory, the index decomposition method, and a log-linear regression approach based on a case study of Jilin Province, China. The results suggest: 1) the economic development and energy consumption are interdetermined, whose relationship is positive and long-term. The economic development is highly depending on the energy in Jilin Province. 2) Under the condition of other unchanged factors, the change of industrial energy efficiency contributes to the energy saving, while that of industrial structure increases the energy consumption. 3) The industrial structure change enhances the energy intensity, but the energy utility efficiency change lowers it. From the view of contribution to the energy consumption, the contribution of industrial structure was more than that of the energy utility efficiency in 2000-2011. 4) In 2000-2011, the comprehensive energy intensity change and hydroelectricity energy intensity change were related to all industrial structures' change, and the influencing factors about structure of oil energy intensity change were more than those of coal energy intensity change; from the impact degree, agricultural proportion decreased exerted an positive and greater effect on lowering the energy intensity of comprehensive energy and hydroelectricity, and industrial one did on coal and natural gas. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows: the major way to promote the coordinated development of the industrial economy and energy consumption is to optimize the industrial structure by increasing the proportion of the tertiary industry and low energy consumption industrial sectors and to enhance the energy utility efficiency. 相似文献
15.
The relationship between economic development and energy consumption is revealed by employing cointegration theory, the index decomposition method, and a log-linear regression approach based on a case study of Jilin Province, China. The results suggest: 1) the economic development and energy consumption are interdetermined, whose relationship is positive and long-term. The economic development is highly depending on the energy in Jilin Province. 2) Under the condition of other unchanged factors, the change of industrial energy efficiency contributes to the energy saving, while that of industrial structure increases the energy consumption. 3) The industrial structure change enhances the energy intensity, but the energy utility efficiency change lowers it. From the view of contribution to the energy consumption, the contribution of industrial structure was more than that of the energy utility efficiency in 2000-2011. 4) In 2000-2011, the comprehensive energy intensity change and hydroelectricity energy intensity change were related to all industrial structures' change, and the influencing factors about structure of oil energy intensity change were more than those of coal energy intensity change; from the impact degree, agricultural proportion decreased exerted an positive and greater effect on lowering the energy intensity of comprehensive energy and hydroelectricity, and industrial one did on coal and natural gas. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows: the major way to promote the coordinated development of the industrial economy and energy consumption is to optimize the industrial structure by increasing the proportion of the tertiary industry and low energy consumption industrial sectors and to enhance the energy utility efficiency. 相似文献
16.
全球变化视角下人地系统研究面临的几个问题探讨 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
围绕全球变化问题，国际科技界从20世纪80年代以来已组织了4个大型国际研究计划，即WCRP、IGBP、IHDP、DIVERSITAS，在此基础上又形成了众多核心研究计划或支撑研究计划。随着这些研究计划的酝酿、实施和推进，其明显发展趋势是越来越强调人类社会对全球环境变化的影响、响应与适应问题研究。全球变化研究不仅为以“人地关系地域系统”为核心的地理学提出了新的科学命题，同时也为地理学与其它科学领域的融合、交叉提供了广泛途径。在分析全球变化国际研究计划进展基础上，指出入地关系地域系统研究面临5个关键问题。 相似文献
17.
Dan Shrubsole 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》1996,16(4):319-335
In 1996, Ontario conservation authorities are 50 years old. This paper reviews the origins and founding principles of the conservation authority programme. After describing recent events in Ontario water management, the six founding principles—watershed jurisdiction, local initiative, a provincial-municipal partnership, coordination and cooperation, a healthy environment required for a healthy economy, and a comprehensive approach—are used to examine the practices of the Upper Thames River Conservation Authority (UTRCA). Conclusions suggest that the six principles were and are sound, although they have been ‘rediscovered’ under new names. The formation of new forms of partnerships and broadening the funding base have been the UTRCA's primary responses to recent developments in Ontario resource management. Given the strong probability of future changes, conservation authorities and all other public and private resource managers must create new ways of delivering an even greater level of service to the public. 相似文献
18.
吉林省产业发展与能源消费实证研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在吉林省经济能源发展特征分析基础上,利用协整理论、指数分解法和线性对数函数分析了吉林省2000-2011 年能源消费和经济增长之间的关系。结果表明：① 能源消费与经济增长存在一种长期因果关系,每增加1 亿元GDP就要消费1.758 万t 标准煤,表明吉林省的经济发展属于能源依赖型;② 如果其他因素不变,1979-2011 年吉林省累计的5390.05 万t 标准煤的能源消费量实际增长中,单纯经济总产出变化带来的增加量为6518.135 万t 标准煤;单纯产业结构变化引起的增加量为1895.739 万t 标准煤;单纯产业能源强度变化引起的减少量为3023.82万t 标准煤;③ 2000-2011 年吉林省能源消费强度相对指数分解结果可以看出,以2000 年作为基年,2011 年的能源强度为2000 年的88%,效率指数和结构指数分别为2000 年的72%和121%。④ 从产业结构变动与能源消费强度的关系来看,总能源消费强度的变动与所有的结构因素都是相关的;煤炭消费强度对工业结构变化最为敏感;石油消费强度的结构因素多于煤炭;电力消费强度的变动与所有的结构因素都是相关的。⑤ 就结构变动的影响程度来看,农业比重下降有助于综合能源消费强度、煤炭消费强度、电力消费强度的降低。农业比重变化对综合能源消费强度和电力消费强度影响大于第三产业和第二产业比重变化对这两者能源消费强度的影响。对于煤炭消费强度、天然气消费强度的影响作用最强的产业是工业,石油消费强度与批发零售、交通运输和工业结构变化有关。 相似文献
19.
Soil erosion in the Falkland Islands: an assessment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Peter Wilson Richard Clark James H. McAdam Elizabeth A. Cooper 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》1993,13(4)
Observations and data concerning soil erosion on clay-rich, sand-rich and organic soil materials are reported for the Falkland Islands, South Atlantic, where soil erosion is both widespread and currently active, though rather uneven in its distribution. The most extensively eroded areas are located on coastal sand deposits and where sandy soils occur at inland sites. There is evidence that some erosion is natural and was initiated before the Islands were settled; other erosion is of more recent origin and can be associated with land management practices, principally grazing management, stocking rates, and the frequency and intensity of pasture burning. The impact of soil erosion on the agricultural economy of the Islands appears to be negligible and it is not perceived to be an important environmental issue. This lack of concern probably arises because the on-farm and off-farm costs of erosion have never been determined and there are no data relating to rates of erosion. It is suggested that a research programme be established aimed at monitoring erosion rates, assessing land use practices that initiate erosion, and assessing the costs of erosion. Furthermore, guidelines for soil conservation should be established. If pasture burning is to continue, a recommended code of practice should be drawn up. Given the importance of the sheep industry to the Falkland Islands, it is desirable that the grazing potential be maintained. 相似文献
20.
《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(2):71-76
The Norwegian monitoring programme for agricultural landscapes is a sample-based programme that aims to document the current state and patterns of change in the agricultural landscape for the entire country. For this broad geographical coverage an indicator approach is the most cost-effective methodology. Landscape metrics are used as indicators in the monitoring programme based on the assumed importance of landscape composition and spatial pattern for a number of countryside interests. However, although indicators have been used successfully over a long period of time in various disciplines, their use in landscape monitoring is relatively new and there is little empirical data with which to assess their validity. This paper provides information on the performance of landscape diversity and landscape heterogeneity indices as estimated by specific biodiversity measures. Preliminary results show increasing numbers of breeding bird species and numbers of vascular plant species with increasing landscape diversity and heterogeneity, two indices that capture information on landscape content and structure. Overall, the heterogeneity index provided a better surrogate for species richness than the diversity index. 相似文献