共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 439 毫秒
1.
邱卫根 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1989,(4)
本文首先讨论了频谱组合法中的椭球改正,推导了椭球改正的计算公式,并且在我国范围内进行了实际计算,最后得出了对于精化我国大地水准面有益的结论。 相似文献
2.
张克非 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1990,(3)
本文在顾及局部地形改正、椭球改正及大气改正的情况下,采用实测数据,应用Meissel方法和Wenzel频谱分析方法,对某盆地边缘的高程异常进行了实际计算。并将计算结果同多普勒高程异常进行了比较,证明结果是良好的。此外还对我国精确高程异常的确定提出了一些建议。 相似文献
3.
航空重力测量中厄特弗斯改正的计算与误差分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于航空重力测量基本数学模型,导出了椭球近似的厄特弗斯改正公式;以一组实测数据,对厄特弗斯改正的计算与平滑方法进行了分析和比较。此外,给出了简单的误差估计模型。 相似文献
4.
5.
中国科学院测量制图研究所重力组 《测绘学报》1959,(1)
前言大地测量的成果整理,计算工作是在参考椭球面上进行的,因此,在进行天文-大地网平差及其他计算工作之前,必须将在地面上直接量测得到的水平角和基线长度归算到所采用的参考椭球面上。为此,就需要求出各三角点及基线到达参考椭球面的高程,即大地高。它是由下面两部分组成的：（1）由地面到达似大地水准面的正常高;（2）由似大地水准面到达参考椭球面的高程异常。正常高可由精密水准测量加入重力改正求得,而高程异常则采用天文重力水准测量的方法求之。 相似文献
6.
《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2016,(3)
在分析现有地形影响处理方法的基础上,着重对以下3方面问题进行讨论:其一,在传统平面参考面的地形改正计算方法基础上,基于国际通用的GRS80椭球采用Tesseroid单元体积分法计算地形改正,以适用于山区和地形变化复杂地区的地形改正计算,推导了基于Tesseroid单元体的地形改正算法的泰勒级数展开公式,并验证该方法较传统方法的优越性。其二,目前,大地水准面计算中通常只考虑Molodensky一阶项影响,然而已有结果表明在山区二阶项的影响可达到分米级。针对目前厘米级大地水准面任务,基于Molodensky一阶项算法,给出了二阶项和三阶项对高程异常贡献的严密级数展开式。其三,本文详细讨论了利用地形改正值代替Molodensky级数解计算重力大地水准面的误差影响。 相似文献
7.
边角网平差前须将观测值归算到椭球面上,归算离不开高程异常.文中推导了用边长的平差改正数计算测区平均高程异常改正数的公式,提出了精化平均高程异常改正数的迭代方法.此方法最大的优点是不需要天文、重力、空间等外部数据的支持,简单易行.不仅可以满足高程异常未知情况下观测值归算的需要,也可满足高程异常不精确情况下观测值归算的需要,通过迭代还可以提高边角网平差结果的精度. 相似文献
8.
本文结合椭球域的特点导出了三类椭球域边值问题的准格林函数解。这些解的主项分别是椭球域泊松积分，纽曼积分和司托克斯积分；次项是Ｏ（ｅ＾２）量级的非谐和级数改正项，可由位系数模型按相应的公式算得。 相似文献
9.
对赫尔默特扁球与布隆斯扁球的水准面方程进行新的研究!借助计算机代数系统MATHEMATICA采用幂级数展开法推导其严密表达式!以此为基础,通过数值计算分析,揭示出这2种扁球体的水准面与水准椭球面的形状差异,澄清和改正前人对这一问题的认识. 相似文献
10.
用边长改正数求取测区平均高程异常 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
边角网平差前须将观测值归算到椭球面上，归算离不开高程异常。文中推导了用边长的平差改正数计算测区平均高程异常改正数的公式，提出了精化平均高程异常改正数的迭代方法。此方法最大的优点是不需要天文、重力、空间等外部数据的支持，简单易行。不仅可以满足高程异常未知情况下观测值归算的需要，也可满足高程异常不精确情况下观测值归算的需要，通过迭代还可以提高边角网平差结果的精度。 相似文献
11.
Inverse Vening Meinesz formula and deflection-geoid formula: applications to the predictions of gravity and geoid over the South China Sea 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
C. Hwang 《Journal of Geodesy》1998,72(5):304-312
Using the spherical harmonic representations of the earth's disturbing potential and its functionals, we derive the inverse
Vening Meinesz formula, which converts deflection of the vertical to gravity anomaly using the gradient of the H function. The deflection-geoid formula is also derived that converts deflection to geoidal undulation using the gradient
of the C function. The two formulae are implemented by the 1D FFT and the 2D FFT methods. The innermost zone effect is derived. The
inverse Vening Meinesz formula is employed to compute gravity anomalies and geoidal undulations over the South China Sea using
deflections from Seasat, Geosat, ERS-1 and TOPEX//POSEIDON satellite altimetry. The 1D FFT yields the best result of 9.9-mgal
rms difference with the shipborne gravity anomalies. Using the simulated deflections from EGM96, the deflection-geoid formula
yields a 4-cm rms difference with the EGM96-generated geoid. The predicted gravity anomalies and geoidal undulations can be
used to study the tectonic structure and the ocean circulations of the South China Sea.
Received: 7 April 1997 / Accepted: 7 January 1998 相似文献
12.
Bishwa Acharya 《GPS Solutions》1995,1(2):113-120
The vertical component obtained from the Global Positioning System (GPS) observations is from the ellipsoid (a mathematical surface), and therefore needs to be converted to the orthometric height, which is from the geoid (represented by the mean sea level). The common practice is to use existing bench marks (around the four corners of a project area and interpolate for the rest of the area), but in many areas bench marks may not be available, in which case an existing geoid undulation is used. Present available global geoid undulation values are not generally as detailed as needed, and in many areas they are not known better than ±1 to ±5 m, because of many limitations. This article explains the difficulties encountered in obtaining precise geoid undulation with some example computations, and proposes a technique of applying corrections to the best available global geoid undulations using detailed free-air gravity anomalies (within a 2° × 2° area) to get relative centimeter accuracy. Several test computations have been performed to decide the optimal block sizes and the effective spherical distances to compute the regional and the local effects of gravity anomalies on geoid undulations by using the Stokes integral. In one test computation a 2° × 2° area was subdivided into smaller surface elements. A difference of 37.34 ± 1.6 cm in geoid undulation was obtained over the same 2° × 2° area when 1° × 1° block sizes were replaced by a combination of 5' × 5' and 1' × 1' subdivision integration elements (block sizes). 相似文献
13.
Athanasios Dermanis 《Journal of Geodesy》1987,61(4):297-309
The Bruns formula is generalized to three dimensions with the derivation of equations expressing the height anomaly vector
or the geoid undulation vector as a function of the disturbing gravity potential and its spatial derivatives. It is shown
that the usual scalar Bruns formula provides not the separation along the normal to the reference ellipsoid but the component
of the relevant spatial separation along the local direction of normal gravity. The above results which hold for any type
of normal potential are specialized for the usual Somigliana-Pizzetti normal field so that the components of the geoid undulation
vector are expressed as functions of the parameters of the reference ellipsoid, the disturbing potential and its spatial derivatives
with respect to three types of curvilinear coordinates, ellipsoidal, geodetic and spherical. Finally the components of the
geoid undulation vector are related to the deflections of the vertical in a spherical approximation. 相似文献
14.
李叶才 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1989,(2)
美国海洋卫星测高仪的出现,使应用Hotine积分确定海洋大地水准面成为现实。本文通过对Hotine积分及垂线偏差的计算公式进行改进,较好地改善了求和项的收敛性,减小了截断误差影响,并提出了利用Hotine函数和重力异常确定海洋大地水准面的方法。 实际计算表明:海洋重力大地水准面的精度在1米以内;卫星测高大地水准面间存在0.5米系统差;它和海底地形有一定的相关性,能较好地反映出海底地形的宏观特性。 相似文献
15.
Ellipsoidal geoid computation 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Modern geoid computation uses a global gravity model, such as EGM96, as a third component in a remove–restore process. The classical approach uses only two: the reference ellipsoid and a geometrical model representing the topography. The rationale for all three components is reviewed, drawing attention to the much smaller precision now needed when transforming residual gravity anomalies. It is shown that all ellipsoidal effects needed for geoid computation with millimetric accuracy are automatically included provided that the free air anomaly and geoid are calculated correctly from the global model. Both must be consistent with an ellipsoidal Earth and with the treatment of observed gravity data. Further ellipsoidal corrections are then negligible. Precise formulae are developed for the geoid height and the free air anomaly using a global gravity model, given as spherical harmonic coefficients. Although only linear in the anomalous potential, these formulae are otherwise exact for an ellipsoidal reference Earth—they involve closed analytical functions of the eccentricity (and the Earths spin rate), rather than a truncated power series in e2. They are evaluated using EGM96 and give ellipsoidal corrections to the conventional free air anomaly ranging from –0.84 to +1.14 mGal, both extremes occurring in Tibet. The geoid error corresponding to these differences is dominated by longer wavelengths, so extrema occur elsewhere, rising to +766 mm south of India and falling to –594 mm over New Guinea. At short wavelengths, the difference between ellipsoidal corrections based only on EGM96 and those derived from detailed local gravity data for the North Sea geoid GEONZ97 has a standard deviation of only 3.3 mm. However, the long-wavelength components missed by the local computation reach 300 mm and have a significant slope. In Australia, for example, such a slope would amount to a 600-mm rise from Perth to Cairns. 相似文献
16.
Bellamkonda Sadasiva Rao Gumudavelli Anil Kumar P. V. S. S. N. Gopala krishna P. Srinivasulu V. Raghu Venkataraman 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2012,40(2):335-340
Precise terrain elevation information is required in various remote sensing and Engineering projects. There are many technologies
to derive the terrain elevation information like GPS, ground surveys, LiDAR, Photogrammetry. GPS is the most widely used technology
to obtain information due to its ease of operation. However the usage of ellipsoidal heights, i.e. with respect to WGS84 has
limited usage in hydrological applications. GPS heights must be converted into orthometric heights for use in hydrological
applications, and this requires geoid undulation information. These geoid undulations can be deduced from earth gravity models.
There are various earth gravity models available for ready usage like EGM96, EGM2008, GFZ96 in the public domain. This paper
discusses the improvements observed in deriving orthometric heights using EGM2008 over its predecessor model EGM96. The utilization
of the new model in topographical mapping projects are also presented. 相似文献
17.
Regional height systems do not refer to a common equipotential surface, such as the geoid. They are usually referred to the mean sea level at a reference tide gauge. As mean sea level varies (by ±1 to 2 m) from place to place and from continent to continent each tide gauge has an unknown bias with respect to a common reference surface, whose determination is what the height datum problem is concerned with. This paper deals with this problem, in connection to the availability of satellite gravity missions data. Since biased heights enter into the computation of terrestrial gravity anomalies, which in turn are used for geoid determination, the biases enter as secondary or indirect effect also in such a geoid model. In contrast to terrestrial gravity anomalies, gravity and geoid models derived from satellite gravity missions, and in particular GRACE and GOCE, do not suffer from those inconsistencies. Those models can be regarded as unbiased. After a review of the mathematical formulation of the problem, the paper examines two alternative approaches to its solution. The first one compares the gravity potential coefficients in the range of degrees from 100 to 200 of an unbiased gravity field from GOCE with those of the combined model EGM2008, that in this range is affected by the height biases. This first proposal yields a solution too inaccurate to be useful. The second approach compares height anomalies derived from GNSS ellipsoidal heights and biased normal heights, with anomalies derived from an anomalous potential which combines a satellite-only model up to degree 200 and a high-resolution global model above 200. The point is to show that in this last combination the indirect effects of the height biases are negligible. To this aim, an error budget analysis is performed. The biases of the high frequency part are proved to be irrelevant, so that an accuracy of 5 cm per individual GNSS station is found. This seems to be a promising practical method to solve the problem. 相似文献
18.
The objective of this study is to evaluate two approaches, which use different representations of the Earth’s gravity field for downward continuation (DC), for determining Helmert gravity anomalies on the geoid. The accuracy of these anomalies is validated by 1) analyzing conformity of the two approaches; and 2) converting them to geoid heights and comparing the resulting values to GPS-leveling data. The first approach (A) consists of evaluating Helmert anomalies at the topography and downward-continuing them to the geoid. The second approach (B) downward-continues refined Bouguer anomalies to the geoid and transforms them to Helmert anomalies by adding the condensed topographical effect. Approach A is sensitive to the DC because of the roughness of the Helmert gravity field. The DC effect on the geoid can reach up to 2 m in Western Canada when the Stokes kernel is used to convert gravity anomalies to geoid heights. Furthermore, Poisson’s equation for DC provides better numerical results than Moritz’s equation when the resulting geoid models are validated against the GPS-leveling. On the contrary, approach B is significantly less sensitive to the DC because of the smoothness of the refined Bouguer gravity field. In this case, the DC (Poisson’s and Moritz’s) contributes only at the decimeter level to the geoid model in Western Canada. The maximum difference between the geoid models from approaches A and B is about 5 cm in the region of interest. The differences may result from errors in the DC such as numerical instability. The standard deviations of the h−H−N for both approaches are about 8 cm at the 664 GPS-leveling validation stations in Western Canada. 相似文献
19.
核幔边界（core-mantle boundary,CMB）是地球内部最重要的物理化学界面之一,地核和地幔通过核幔边界发生多种相互作用,这对地球重力场、地球自转及地磁场等都能产生重要影响。大地水准面异常是地球重力场的重要观测量,反映了地球内部的物质密度异常及界面变化等重要信息。推导了通过大地水准面异常反演核幔边界起伏的公式,利用2~4阶大地水准面异常反演了大尺度核幔边界起伏形态。结果显示,核幔边界起伏的径向幅度达±5 km、与Morelli的地震层析成像结果的幅度接近,但在形态上略有差异。以高为5 km、底边长为1 000 km的棱柱体模型模拟计算了核幔边界密度异常引起的大地水准面异常响应,结果与观测大地水准面异常比较接近。 相似文献
20.
最小二乘配置法中局部协方差函数的计算 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
随着 GPS日益广泛的应用及精度的不断提高 ,在有些实际应用中利用 GPS来代替传统的水准测量进行高程控制已成为可能 ,这也进一步提出了对高精度大地水准面的需求。快速傅立叶变换 (FFT)是目前计算大地水准面比较常用的方法之一 ,但需要将重力观测量进行内插得到规则格网上的平均重力异常。利用最小二乘配置法计算大地水准面可直接利用已有的观测值进行计算 ,同时可综合利用不同类型的数据 ,如重力异常和垂线偏差等计算大地水准面 ,因此最小二乘配置法仍有广泛的应用 ,但制约最小二乘配置应用的关键问题是局部协方差函数的计算。将主要讨论最小二乘配置法中局部协方差函数的计算 ,使所用的协方差函数能更好地反映已知的数据 ,从而获得更精确的结果。 相似文献