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利用四川地区2010 ～ 2013 年流动重力观测数据作出的重力场动态变化图像和重力段差时序变化图像,对芦山7. 0 级地震前后的重力场动态演化特征进行了研究,结果表明:震前重力场经历了约3 年的重力增大和约1 年的减小变化,重力变化呈“上升→加速上升→减速上升→加速下降→减速下降”特征; 芦山地震发生在重力场变化由下降转为上升的回调过程中;震后重力场变化以较快的速度恢复到接近震前状况,并出现重力正值变化异常区域;临震前震中区域重力场变化数值较小,构造带活动速度变慢。 相似文献
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利用广西及邻区2016—2019年流动重力观测资料,系统分析区域重力场变化及其与广西北流M_S5.2地震的关系。结果表明:①北流M_S5.2地震前,震区附近重力异常变化与主干断裂关系密切,反映沿控震断裂在2016—2019年间发生了引起地表重力变化效应的地壳变形和构造活动;②差分重力图像表明北流M_S5.2地震前震中附近的重力变化是一个"局部重力异常→重力反向变化→重力变化平缓后发震"过程;③近期重力场累积动态图像表明玉林—岑溪—苍梧一带为重力变化剧烈区域,有利于应力的高度积累而孕育地震。 相似文献
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永登5.8级地震前后的重力场动态图像特征研究 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
对北祁连河西地区１９９２￣１９９７年的重力资料进行了处理分析,从动态的观点研究了永登地震前后重力场的图像演化特征。结果表明,（１）重力场动态图像较清晰地反映了本区重力场由永登地震孕育的非均匀态（１９９２￣１９９４）－发震（１９９４￣１９９５）－震后恢复（１９９５￣１９９７）的演化过程;（２）重力变化与构造环境有关,永登地震前后重力场动态图像较好地反映了永登地震孕育,发生过程中断层的控震和发震构造活 相似文献
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永登5.8级地震孕育发生过程中的断层形变与重力场动态图象特征s 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
初步研究了1995年7月22日甘肃永登5.8级地震孕育发生过程中的断层形变异常和重力场、垂直形变场动态演化特征．孕震过程中近源区有3处断层形变呈,,相变化异常,外围区1993年以来先后有10余处场地断层形变出现台阶、突跳等异常．流动重力监测到震前出现的高值异常区、同震效应及震后恢复正常的演变过程等．资料反映了孕震过程中近源区断层运动由准线性走向非线性的过程,重力场变化由孕育、发震过程的非均匀态走向震后的准均匀态的演化过程,较强地震的孕育发生与区域应力应变场的动态演化密切相关．还简要总结了作者对这次地震中短期预报试验的经验教训． 相似文献
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对华北火车流动重力网北环１９８７年－１９９８年２４期复测资料（京西北张家口一带）作了分析,探讨了１９９７年５月２５日怀安４．５级地震和１９９８年１月１０日张北６．２级地震孕育发生过程中重力异常变化及对应关系,研究表明,重力场时空分布变化特征图象较清晰地反映了由孕震过程的非均匀动态到发震的演变过程。 相似文献
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In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January. 相似文献
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Observations of trace gases (SO2, NH3, NO2 and O3) were made during the period 1981 to 1984 at 6 different locations representative of urban industrial, urban, nonurban, thermal power plant and marine environment. Diurnal variations of the trace gases were studied in an urban environment. Except in the urban industrial environment, the concentration of NH3 was found in the range of background values. Also, the average concentrations of NO2 and O3 at the different environments were in the order of background values. However, the concentrations of SO2 were substantially higher by about 7 times, in urban industrial and thermal power plant environments. The diurnal variations of SO2, NH3 and NO2 showed anitphase relationship with surface temperature at the urban environment station which is relatively free of industrial pollution. Discussion is centred on trace gas variations in different environments in India together with the values reported for various countries in the world. 相似文献
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3He/4He ratios up to 3.5 times the ratio of atmospheric He were found in groundwater samples. The3He enrichment can be attributed to radiogenic3He produced by in-situ beta-decay of3H. This shows that tritiogenic3He is accumulating in confined waters. From tritiogenic3He and3H concentrations, ages of groundwaters can be calculated. Detection of tritiogenic3He gives a tool to trace a tritium contamination which occurred in the past and cannot be assessed only by the3H counting method. 相似文献
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Ingvar B. Fridleifsson 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,117(1-2):242-252
In an active spreading area like Iceland, where the regional geothermal gradient is in the range 50–150°C/km, it is normally not a problem to find high enough temperature with deep drilling, but the difficulties arise with finding permeable layers at depth within the strata. Various volcanological methods can be applied in the search for aquifers and geothermal reservoir rocks. The flow pattern (as deduced from deuterium studies) indicates that the thermal water flows preferentially along high porosity stratiform horizons and dyke swarms from the recharge areas in the highlands to the hot spring areas in the lowlands. The primary porosity of the volcanic strata is dependent on the chemical composition and the mode of eruption of the volcanic units. Both the reservoir rocks and the flow channels forming the geothermal plumbing system are thought to vary from the Tertiary to the Quaternary provinces due to environmental conditions at the eruptive sites. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to estimate likely changes in flood indices under a future climate and to assess the uncertainty in these estimates for selected catchments in Poland. Precipitation and temperature time series from climate simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative for the periods 1971–2000, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 following the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios have been used to produce hydrological simulations based on the HBV hydrological model. As the climate model outputs for Poland are highly biased, post processing in the form of bias correction was first performed so that the climate time series could be applied in hydrological simulations at a catchment-scale. The results indicate that bias correction significantly improves flow simulations and estimated flood indices based on comparisons with simulations from observed climate data for the control period. The estimated changes in the mean annual flood and in flood quantiles under a future climate indicate a large spread in the estimates both within and between the catchments. An ANOVA analysis was used to assess the relative contributions of the 2 emission scenarios, the 7 climate models and the 4 bias correction methods to the total spread in the projected changes in extreme river flow indices for each catchment. The analysis indicates that the differences between climate models generally make the largest contribution to the spread in the ensemble of the three factors considered. The results for bias corrected data show small differences between the four bias correction methods considered, and, in contrast with the results for uncorrected simulations, project increases in flood indices for most catchments under a future climate. 相似文献
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This paper briefly summarizes the works in the processing of strong ground motion data, the factors affecting strong ground motion, the modeling of strong ground motion and the calculating of broad-band response spectrum which have been done recent years by engineering seismologists and seismologists of China. In addition, we think back to the international cooperation in strong ground motion of the recent years and make some expectations for the future. 相似文献
