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北京时间2019年6月17日22时55分,四川省宜宾市长宁县发生了MS6.0地震(28.34°N,104.90°E),四川盆地内部及边缘地带的深部孕震环境和潜在地震危险性再次引起了国内外地震专家和学者们的密切关注.为了揭示长宁MS6.0震区的深部介质结构特征和孕震环境,综合解译地震活动的构造背景和展布特征,本文充分收集川东南宜宾长宁地震震区及其周边范围内由四川省数字测震台网、宜宾市地方测震台网以及2016年以后宜宾长宁地区新增小孔径流动地震台阵等共计35套观测地震设备2013年1月—2019年7月记录到的17305次地震的P波到时资料的数据,应用双差地震层析成像方法,反演得到了长宁震区及周边上地壳三维P波速度结构特征,并结合此次震后科考组在震区获取的三维大地电磁阵列测深和重力密集测量等最新观测资料,综合分析讨论了长宁震区速度结构特征与地震活动关系、孕震环境及其地震危险性等科学问题.研究结果表明:长宁震区及周边上地壳P波速度结构呈现出明显的横向不均匀性,震区沉积盖层的物性特征分异明显,双河场背斜褶皱北西侧的波速结构与其东部存在明显的差异性且浅层P波速度结构分布特征与地表地质构造和地层岩性密切相关.重新定位后的长宁MS6.0地震序列空间分布特征与震区上地壳介质速度结构存在密切关系,序列大体上沿着高低速异常分界线呈NW-SE向展布,并终止于白象岩—狮子滩背斜构造东段附近,长宁震区及周边介质速度结构的非均匀变化是控制主震及其序列空间展布的深部构造因素.三维P波速度结构还表明了长宁MS6.0震区双河场褶皱附近存在不一样的深浅构造背景,震区褶皱构造伴生断裂的复杂性可能破坏了盖层地层成层性,造成了介质物性界面的变化多样,从而导致深浅构造耦合存在明显的差异.长宁MS6.0地震震中位于速度结构发生变化的边界带附近,这种介质物性变化的边界带可能是中强地震孕育和发生的有利部位.长宁MS6.0地震及其序列绝大部分发生在基底滑脱带之上,由于受到区域NE-SW向主压应力和经华蓥山构造带传递而来的NW-SE向的现今应力场的共同作用,导致了此次长宁6.0级地震的发生,而随后发生的珙县MS5.1、长宁MS5.3、珙县MS5.4和MS5.6地震以及大量中小地震事件均为长宁6.0级地震触发作用所致.P波速度结构还揭示了震区双河场褶皱以及该褶皱构造地表出露伴生的大地湾断层和NW向大佛崖断层两侧浅层速度结构特征各异,结合长宁—双河背斜与轴线方向一致的NW向伴生断裂构造比较发育,而褶皱东侧的伴生断裂走向表现出多样性和复杂性,由此推断除了受区域性构造运动的影响之外,长宁震区局部构造的差异性活动也较为突出,长宁—双河背斜构造区轴部构造及其伴生的断裂具备一定的发震能力和深部孕震背景,这可能也是长宁地震余震强度较大、活动持续时间较长的主要原因,川东南地区地震活动趋势和潜在地震危险性仍值得进一步关注. 相似文献
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On 12 October 1992, an earthquake, magnitude mb = 5.9 and M s = 5.2, hit the City of Cairo, Egypt. It was this century's largest earthquake in northern Egypt with related destruction in the City of Cairo, the Nile Valley and the Nile Delta areas. Our source parameter determinations show that the 1992 earthquake had a normal faulting mechanism, seismic moment M o = 5.2 × 1017 Nm, centroid depth of 23 km and a source time function duration of 3 seconds. The mechanism is compared with those corresponding to two other events that occurred in the northern Red Sea. The similarity between the mechanisms as well as the spatial distribution of the geological faults around Cairo suggest seismic activity along the extension of the stress field of the Red Sea rift system to the area around the City of Cairo. This situation affects the level of seismic hazard in the Cairo area. The 1992 earthquake belongs to an unusual class of relatively small, M w > 6.0, yet destructive earthquakes. The damage caused by these events is usually attributed to their shallow focal depth, 5 km, and to amplification of seismic waves in the local soil beneath the damaged structures. However, the Cairo earthquake deviates from other events of this class since the focal depth was determined to be 23 km. We calculated synthetic accelerograms for the 1992 earthquake with the loose sediments observed in the Nile Valley, and show that this enhanced the amplitude of the acceleration by a factor of two. However, the determined accelerations, about 0.5 m s-2, cannot alone explain the relatively large amount of damaged structures. Hence, a major cause to the destruction is likely the poor state of construction of the Cairo buildings. 相似文献
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青藏高原是我国现代构造活动和地震活动最强烈的地区,自有地震记录以来,在高原内记录到多达18次8级以上巨大地震和100余次7~7.9级地震,它们均发生在喜马拉雅板块边界构造带和板内断块区及其次级断块的边界活动构造带上.自1900年有地震仪器记录以来,青藏高原曾经历了3次地震活动丛集高潮,即1920-1937年,1947-1976年和1995-现在.在每次地震活动丛集期都形成以8级地震为核心的7级以上地震活动系列,它们分别是20世纪20-30年代的海原-古浪地震系列、50-70年代察隅-当雄地震系列和20世纪末期以来昆仑-汶川地震系列.每一个地震系列都有自己的主体活动区,最新的昆仑-汶川地震系列的主体活动区为巴颜喀喇断块.青藏高原地震活动高潮与全球Mw≥8.0巨大地震活动高潮紧密相关,昆仑-汶川地震系列与自2001年至今的全球最新地震活动高潮相对应,它们反映了两者的动力学联系.经过详细对比研究认为,它们至今均仍在延续之中,全球板块边界构造带8~9级地震和板内大陆断块区的7~8级地震都仍在连续发生.研究了全球和区域地震活动的相关关系及青藏高原地震活动的时空分布特征,指出了该区当前地震活动的总体形势,评价了其近期地震危险性,提出了加强地震监测的建议. 相似文献
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Lake Van is located in very intensely deformed tectonic settings in the eastern Turkey. The surrounding area of Lake Van has
major tectonic structures; NE and NW trending active conjugate strike-slip faults, pull-apart basins along these faults, E-W
trending active thrust faults, folds, compressional ramp basins, N-S trending folds, NE-SW aligned continental collision-related
volcanoes and N-S trending tensional cracks functioned as magma conduits. Since the area is tectonically very active, the
earthquake activity within the basin and the surrounding area of Lake Van is very high. In this study, we have analysed the
records of VANB broadband station of Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute's network for the seismic events
(2000–2004) that occurred in the basin and in the vicinity of Lake Van. Based on the spectral analysis of earthquake data,
we have mainly observed three types of seismic events; hybrid event, long period event and tremor. We have suggested that
the observed hybrid, long period and tremor type of seismic events that occurred in the study area are related to the upward
moving materials and stress loading in the mid and lower crust based on the geophysical data. 相似文献
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通过吴忠—灵武地区现有的地震活动性资料,并结合该区域过去的几次中强震震例和已有的研究结果,本文梳理与总结了中强震前该区域地震活动乃至中国大陆大震活动的时空特征,而且基于最小完整性震级分析了1970—2019年该区域中小地震的地震活动性特点。综合认为,吴忠—灵武地区中强震的广义前震和中小地震的活动性具有较为鲜明的特征,中强震发生前1—2年内该区域及邻区形成ML2.0以上地震集中区或其西北方向的阿左旗腰坝区域大都出现ML3.0以上信号震,而且一年前其主震的广义前震的确比较发育,存在一定程度的地震增强;地震序列统计分析表明,该区域的多重共轭构造可能是其主要原因,其多震型、双震型和震群型占有相对较高的比例。另外,从大形势角度来看,过去大部分5级以上中强震发生的主导因素很可能由华北地块主导的强震活跃幕引起,该区域的强震危险性不仅仅和局部特殊构造特征、区域前震活动变化有关,更重要的是,华北—东北亚地块大震活动对其也起到了较大的影响作用,相比而言,青藏高原、龙门山断裂带及祁连山构造带等区域的大震活动对吴忠—灵武地区中强地震触发影响不显著,而且吴忠—灵武地区的中强地震活动和华北—东北亚地块的大震活动可能存在一定的构造响应。 相似文献
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哈尔滨市目标区内主要断裂断错地表的最新活动时代为第四纪早期,晚更新世以来无断错地表的活动迹象。通过对城市活动断层地震危险性评价的技术思路、哈尔滨市工作区的地震地质环境与潜在震源区划分、目标区主要断裂活动特征的综合分析,确定了目标区内3条主要断裂未来可能发生地震的最大震级,并以兴安-东蒙活动地块与工作区作为分析的两种范围尺度,在适当调整工程地震学地震危险性概率分析方法的基础上,综合估算了目标区和目标区内单条断裂未来100年的发震概率。结果表明:哈尔滨市目标区主要断裂未来发生4.0级上破坏性地震的可能性极小,可能地震的最大震级为MS5.5 相似文献
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地貌参数指示的临潭-宕昌断裂带最新构造隆升差异与地震活动 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
2013年7月22日,甘肃岷县漳县MS6.6地震发生在青藏高原东北缘的临潭-宕昌断裂带上。为了研究该断裂的最新构造隆升的差异性,基于ASTER GDEM数字高程模型数据提取了流域盆地及水系,并以此为基础,计算了面积高程积分及河道坡度指数。2个地貌参数的分析结果表明,临潭-宕昌断裂不同部位的最新隆升呈现不均匀性。其中,断裂的最新逆冲活动在临潭以西及以岷县附近明显强于其他各段。上述地貌参数所指示的断裂抬升强度还与历史及现今地震发震位置较好地匹配,体现了定量化地貌分析对断裂活动强弱的指示作用。临潭-宕昌断裂受区域NE-SW向挤压构造应力作用影响,其活动的差异可能与晚第四纪以来巴颜喀拉块体NE向扩展背景下的局部应力集中有关。 相似文献
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2018年9月4日新疆伽师发生MS5.5地震,震中处于塔里木地块西北缘,位于1997~1998年伽师强震群震区内。此次伽师地震前发生了MS4.7前震,截至9月30日最大余震震级为MS4.6（ML5.0）,初步判定为前-主-余型地震序列。序列精定位结果显示,余震沿近NE向展布,主震震源深度与1997~1998年伽师强震主震基本一致,发震断层陡立。本文从区域的构造环境、地震震源机制解和余震分布特征等方面分析认为,地震发生在伽师隐伏断裂东南端部,为1997~1998年伽师强震群震区的一次新的构造活动。序列参数、视应力等计算结果显示,伽师MS5.5地震的预测最大余震震级与最大余震震级MS4.6接近,表明序列最大余震已经发生。 相似文献
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本文基于自然正交函数展开方法, 以地震应变为变量, 计算1980年以来中国大陆7级以上大震前的地震应变, 提取出大震前区域地震活动应变场的时空异常。 结果表明大震前时间因子在平稳背景上会出现突跳上升或突跳下降异常变化。 一般情况下, 前4个应变场中至少有3个出现异常变化, 异常分布具有多分量特点, 出现的最早时间大约在震前3年, 少数出现在震前1~6个月。 对比应变场时间因子异常与研究区域每个网格单元(0.5°×0.5°)内的地震能量时间因子异常形态的相似性、 时间的一致性, 找出地震应变场空间异常位置。 结果表明, 多数大震前的空间异常分布在主震震中周围; 少数大震的空间异常远离主震震中。 产生这种现象的原因是大震前与主震不同距离的单元网格内发生中短期或者临震的震群、 显著地震等地震活动性异常。 相似文献
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2019年6月17日,在青藏高原东缘四川盆地南缘宜宾市长宁县发生MS6.0地震,其后5天内相继发生了珙县MS5.1、长宁MS5.3和珙县MS5.4强余震;7月4日,在珙县珙泉镇再次发生MS5.6地震.因灾害叠加,本次地震序列导致13人死亡,200多人受伤,大量房屋受损,造成了重大的人员伤亡和财产损失.本文基于四川区域地震台网提供的地震资料,采用多阶段定位方法,对长宁MS6.0地震序列早期（2019年6月17日至22日）余震进行了重新定位,同时,利用CAP波形反演方法,获得了序列中截止至7月4日的16次MS≥3.6地震的震源机制解与震源矩心深度,对该序列的发震构造进行了初步分析.长宁MS6.0地震序列重新定位后的610次ML≥1.5地震分布显示余震区呈NW-SE向展布,长约25 km,宽5 km;序列震源深度在0~10 km区间,深度均值约3.2 km,但空间上呈西深东浅的分布特征.长宁MS6.0地震位于余震区的东南端,具单侧破裂特征.CAP波形反演结果显示长宁MS6.0地震序列以逆冲和逆冲兼走滑型地震为主;16次MS≥3.6地震的震源矩心深度在1~7 km范围,平均深度3.5 km,与定位结果一致,揭示本次长宁地震序列发生在上地壳浅部.根据序列空间分布、震源机制解及震区构造特征,推测本次长宁MS6.0地震序列的发生可能与长宁—双河复式大背斜中白象岩—狮子滩背斜和双河场褶皱及其伴生断层活动有关,位于余震区西北段的6月17日珙县MS5.1、22日珙县MS5.4及7月4日珙县MS5.6地震应为6月17日长宁MS6.0地震触发白象岩—狮子滩背斜伴生断层活动所致.序列发震构造整体呈NE-SW向挤压为主、兼具一定NW-SE向拉张分量的构造变形特征,与南侧2018年12月16日兴文MS5.7和2019年1月3日珙县MS5.3地震所呈现的NW-SE向挤压、NE-SW向拉张构造变形特征具有显著差异,揭示四川盆地南缘地带处于构造变形模式的转换区域,所处构造环境的变化导致本次长宁地震序列震源区及附近区域发震构造变形特征具有复杂性. 相似文献
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D. A. Rhoades E. E. Papadimitriou V. G. Karakostas R. Console M. Murru 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2010,167(8-9):1049-1066
A systematic analysis is made of static Coulomb stress changes and earthquake occurrence in the area of the North Aegean Sea, Greece, in order to assess the prospect of using static stress changes to construct a regional earthquake likelihood model. The earthquake data set comprises all events of magnitude M ≥ 5.2 which have occurred since 1964. This is compared to the evolving stress field due to constant tectonic loading and perturbations due to coseismic slip associated with major earthquakes (M ≥ 6.4) over the same period. The stress was resolved for sixteen fault orientation classes, covering the observed focal mechanisms of all earthquakes in the region. Analysis using error diagrams shows that earthquake occurrence is better correlated with the constant tectonic loading component of the stress field than with the total stress field changes since 1964, and that little, if any, information on earthquake occurrence is lost if only the maximum of the tectonic loading over the fault orientation classes is considered. Moreover, the information on earthquake occurrence is actually increased by taking the maximum of the evolving stress field since 1964, and of its coseismic-slip component, over the fault orientation classes. The maximum, over fault orientation classes, of linear combinations of the tectonic loading and the evolving stress field is insignificantly better correlated with earthquake occurrence than the maximum of the tectonic loading by itself. A composite stress-change variable is constructed from ordering of the maximum tectonic loading component and the maximum coseismic-slip component, in order to optimize the correlation with earthquake occurrence. The results indicate that it would be difficult to construct a time-varying earthquake likelihood model from the evolving stress field that is more informative than a time-invariant model based on the constant tectonic loading. 相似文献
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In the paper, the feature of strong earthquake orderly distribution in time, space and intensity before the Western Kunlun
Mountain Pass M=8.1 earthquake is preliminarily studied. The modulation and triggering factors such as the earth rotation, earth tides are
analyzed. The results show that: the giant earthquakes with the magnitude more than 8 occurred about every 24 years and the
earthquakes with the magnitude more than 7 about every 7 years in Chinese mainland. The Western Kunlun Mountain M=8.1 earthquake exactly occurred at the expected time; The spatial distance show approximately the same distances between
each two swarms. The earth rotation, earth tide, sun tide and sun magnetic field have played a role of modulation and triggering
in the intensity. At last, the conditions for earthquake generation and occurrence are also discussed.
Foundation item: State Key Project of Science and Technology of China (2001BA601B01) and State 863 Plan of China. 相似文献
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藏东南及周边地区地震活动特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
藏东南及周边地区是印度板块与欧亚板块动力碰撞的影响区, 该区历史地震活动强烈, 曾发生过1950年墨脱—察隅8.6级和1951年当雄8.0级地震。 本文首先介绍藏东南及周边地区的地质构造背景, 其次通过考察该地区强震活动情况和活动地块边界带相关段落的加卸载响应比(LURR)时序特征, 分析了研究区的强震活动状态。 从历史地震活动看, 安达曼弧地区与喜马拉雅东构造结地区强震活动存在一定的动力关联, 当前研究区域的周边动力环境表现为安达曼弧地区地震活动强烈和东构造结地区的持续平静。 从地震活动图像看, 1980年以来6级以上地震在藏东南及周边地区已经形成空区, 表现类似于1950年墨脱—察隅地震前的空间分布特征。 从活动地块边界带相关段落LURR时序特征看, 喜马拉雅带东段现处于高应力状态, 其次为澜沧江带与三江带。 相似文献
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以2000年以来6.4级以上地震为例,研究了腾冲地区潜热通量（SLHF）在这些震例发生前后的变化特征。结果表明：腾冲地区的SLHF动态,不但在其附近发生强地震前常出现异常,而且对周边较远的强地震前也会发生异常反应;异常出现时间大都在震前1个半月以内,汶川地震前异常出现较早,发生在震前2个月之前,这可能与汶川地震震级高影响范围大有关;异常幅值与震级有关,震级越大,异常表现越强。 比如芦山7.0级地震、缅甸7.0级地震和汶川MS 8.0地震前,腾冲地区SLHF异常幅度很大,远远超过最大参考值,而姚安6.5级地震和宁洱6.4级地震前异常幅度就相对小一些。腾冲地区SLHF异常与周围强地震的发生有较好的相关性,一方面与腾冲地区的活动断裂发育、现今构造变形强烈有关,另一方面可能是由于腾冲地区火山活动强烈,温泉广泛发育,水热交换迅速,对周边构造活动感应灵敏所致。 相似文献
19.
The record of felt earthquakes around Naples Bay in southern Italy is probably complete since the mid-15th century. According to this record, intense earthquake swarms originating beneath Campi Flegrei, an explosive caldera located along the north coast of Naples Bay, have occurred only twice: (1) before the only historical eruption in Campi Flegrei in 1538; and (2) from mid-1983 to December 1984. Earthquake activity during the earlier period, which began at least a few years, and possibly as many as 30 years, before the 1538 eruption, damaged many buildings in the city of Pozzuoli, located near the center of Campi Flegrei. Minor seismic activity, which consisted of only a few felt earthquakes, occurred from 1970 to 1971. The second period of intense earthquake swarms lasted from mid-1983 to 1984, again damaging many buildings in Pozzuoli. Two periods of uplift along the shoreline within Campi Flegrei have also been noted since the mid-15th century: (1) during the few decades before the 1538 eruption; and (2) as two distinct episodes since 1968. Uplift of a few meters probably occurred a few decades before the 1538 eruption; uplift of as much as 3.0 m has occurred in Pozzuoli since 1968.These similarities strongly suggest that, for the first time in 440 years, the same process that caused intense local earthquake swarms and uplift in the early 1500's and led to an eruption in 1538, has again occurred beneath Campi Flegrei. Though no major seismicity or uplift has occurred since December 1984, because of the large amount of extensional strain accumulated during the past two decades, if a third episode of seismicity and rapid uplift occurs, it may lead to an eruption within several months after the resumption of activity. 相似文献
20.
Recent seismic activity in southern Lebanon is of particular interest since the tectonic framework of this region is poorly understood. In addition, seismicity in this region is very infrequent compared with the Roum fault to the east, which is seismically active. Between early 2008 and the end of 2010, intense seismic activity occurred in the area. This was manifested by several swarm-like sequences and continuous trickling seismicity over many days, amounting in total to more than 900 earthquakes in the magnitude range of 0.5?≤?M d?≤?5.2. The region of activity extended in a 40-km long zone mainly in a N-S direction and was located about 10 km west of the Roum fault. The largest earthquake, with a duration magnitude of M d?=?5.2, occurred on February 15, 2008, and was located at 33.327° N, 35.406° E at a depth of 3 km. The mean-horizontal peak ground acceleration observed at two nearby accelerometers exceeded 0.05 g, where the strongest peak horizontal acceleration was 55 cm/s2 at about 20 km SE of the epicenter. Application of the HypoDD algorithm yielded a pronounced N-S zone, parallel to the Roum fault, which was not known to be seismically active. Focal mechanism, based on full waveform inversion and the directivity effect of the strongest earthquake, suggests left-lateral strike-slip NNW-SSE faulting that crosses the NE-SW traverse faults in southern Lebanon. 相似文献