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1.
Maria Mastalerz Philip R. Ames Penny L. Padgett 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2003,54(3-4):209
The coals of the upper part of the Mansfield, Brazil, and the lower part of the Staunton Formations (Atokan and Desmoinesian, Pennsylvanian) in Indiana (Illinois Basin) are characteristically thin and discontinuous. As a result, problems with correlation and identification of the seams have persisted for both researchers and industry. These discrepancies affect coal exploration, mine planning, and subsequently coal-fired utilities. This study presents exploration and operational examples demonstrating some of the correlation problems associated with the coals of the Brazil Formation, and the Upper Block and Lower Block, in particular, and the surrounding upper part of the Mansfield Formation and lower part of the Staunton Formations. Based on exploration boreholes, mine scale observations, and coal quality and petrographic data, this study suggests that (1) the coal mapped as the Upper Block Coal Member of Clay County may, in fact, be the same seam as the Lower Block Coal Member of Daviess County; and (2) the Lower Block coal of Clay County is not present south of the Switz City area of central Greene County, IN. 相似文献
2.
The chemical properties of two high-volatile bituminous coals, the Danville Coal Member of the Dugger Formation and the Lower Block Coal Member of the Brazil Formation from southern Indiana, were compared to understand the differences in their coking behavior. It was determined that of the two, the Lower Block has better characteristics for coking. Observed factors that contribute to the differences in the coking behavior of the coals include carbon content, organic sulfur content, and oxygen/carbon (O/C) ratios. The Lower Block coal has greater carbon content than the Danville coal, leading to a lower O/C ratio, which is more favorable for coking. Organic sulfur content is higher in the Lower Block coal, and a strong correlation was found between organic sulfur and plasticity. The majority of the data for both seams plot in the Type III zone on a van Krevelen diagram, and several samples from the Lower Block coal plot into the Type II zone, suggesting a perhydrous character for those samples. This divergence in properties between the Lower Block and Danville coals may account for the superior coking behavior of the Lower Block coal. 相似文献
3.
平顶山煤田的太原组属于混合型的碳酸盐浅海和陆源碎屑海岸沉积。下部和上部灰岩段主要形成于滨海潮间带和浅海中,并在其中发育行风暴浊流沉积。中部碎屑岩段为障壁岛-泻湖-潮坪体系沉积。太原组煤的显微组分为微镜惰煤,煤质属于低灰高硫煤。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地东南缘下—中侏罗统煤层沿阿尔金山前断续分布,其煤岩、煤质与典型的西北侏罗纪煤层具有明显不同。通过对和田布雅、于田普鲁、且末红柳沟等煤矿主采煤层样品进行煤岩、煤质鉴定及煤化指标等一系列综合研究分析,结果表明,主采煤层以光亮煤、半亮煤为主,其次是半暗煤、暗淡煤;煤岩组分以镜质组为主,壳质组含量少,具中-高镜惰比。因成煤沼泽的还原程度促进了无机硫分的形成,煤中全硫含量随镜质组含量的增加呈现逐渐增高的趋势,且煤层硫分与灰分整体具有明显的负相关关系。此外,煤层挥发分受不同种类硫分的影响,亦有明显差异性变化。在民丰凹陷中-高硫煤中,硫分以无机硫为主,随着硫分的升高挥发分亦有升高趋势;瓦石峡凹陷中-低硫煤受有机硫控制,对挥发分产率的影响不明显。民丰凹陷煤层的灰分指数高于瓦石峡凹陷,可见后者的成煤沼泽环境潜水面要比前者高得多。针对上述诸多因素分析,进一步揭示塔东南地区煤岩、煤质多样性变化受断陷湖盆以及局部水体较深的还原型沼泽环境控制,最终形成了中-高挥发分、中-低灰分、中-低硫分的煤质及富镜贫惰的煤岩特征。 相似文献
6.
The petrographic and palynologic compositions of coal seams of the
acler formation (Upper Carboniferous, Westphalian A) from northwestern and southeastern part of the Lower Silesian Coal Basin (LSCB) were examined. Coals studied are highly volatile bituminous coal, where Ro ranges from 0.91% to 1.09%. Seam 430 from the northwestern part of the basin contains high vitrinite percentage with rather low inertinite and liptinite contents, while percentage of mineral matter is variable. This petrographic composition is associated either with a predominance of Lycospora in miospore assemblage, or with a miospore assemblage of mixed character. The abundance of Lycospora reflects vegetation composed of the arborescent lycopsids while the mixed miospore assemblage is connected with diverse palaeoplant communities, namely, arborescent lycopsids, calamites and ferns. Seams 409 and 412/413 from the southeastern part of the LSCB are rich in inertinite and liptinite, while the vitrinite content is moderate. Their characteristic feature is the occurrence of a diagnostic crassisporinite (densosporinite). Amount of the mineral components in these coals is very low. Densosporites and related crassicingulate genera are main components of these miospore assemblages and were produced by herbaceous and/or sub-arborescent lycopsids. These petrographic and palynologic features were the basis for distinguishing three maceral–miospore associations: an arborescent lycopsid and mixed associations, occurring in the seam 430 and a herbaceous and/or sub-arborescent lycopsid association which was recorded in seams 409 and 412/413. The first two assemblages are interpreted as having been deposited in a planar rheotrophic mire, whereas the herbaceous and/or sub-arborescent lycopsid association is thought to have developed in an ombrotrophic, domed mire. 相似文献
7.
黑岱沟露天煤矿6号复煤层位于太原组,是区内开采的主要煤层,煤层总厚度为18．07～41．12m,平均厚度为28．88m．结构复杂．自上而下划分为6个分层。由于成煤时期沼泽环境的变化,使各分煤层煤质在垂向上有差异。通过对6号复煤层各分煤层的煤质特征分析,得出6号煤各分层的宏观煤岩成分以暗煤及丝炭为主,亮煤次之;显微组分含量以惰质组为主．含量为41．6％～65．6％,平均含量达57．6％;镜质组含量较低,平均为35．9％;灰分产率6Ⅳ最低．为低中灰煤,6Ⅱ灰分产率最大,最高达49．8％,是该区典型的高灰煤。各煤分层的水分及硫分变化不大,属特低硫-低硫低变质阶段的长焰煤（41）、不粘煤（31）。 相似文献
8.
河北南部地区石炭一二叠系煤层煤种丰富,峰峰、邯郸矿区煤层的宏观煤岩类型以半亮煤和半暗煤为主;显微煤岩类型为微镜煤、微镜惰煤及微暗煤;煤的结构以细、中宽条带状结构为主,在半亮煤和半暗煤中最多;有机显微组分以镜质组最高,一般可占50％～91％,惰质组占10％～35％,壳质组含量一般不超过5％,对煤层气来说,这是比较有利的烃源条件：区内大淑村矿2煤的矿物质含量最低,其煤的吸附能力较其它矿区高;主煤层镜质组最大反射率具有北高南低的分布规律,揭示了煤的生烃强度具有由南向北逐渐增高的趋势。该区煤层气源岩不仅影响煤的生烃能力,还影响着煤层对甲烷的吸附能力和煤层气的开采能力。 相似文献
9.
运用钻井岩心、测井及层序地层学有关理论、方法,对青海柴北缘鱼卡地区侏罗纪含煤地层进行了层序地层学研究。共识别出4个层序界面,将侏罗系含煤地层划分为3个三级层序,分别对应于中侏罗统大煤沟组、石门沟组下段和石门沟组上段;研究区层序界面主要包括区域不整合面(古风化壳)、三角洲平原分流河道下切谷、河道间古土壤和盆地内基准面下降—暴露—上升旋回的转折点;与海相含煤盆地不同,厚煤层在层序格架内的发育具有多样性。在古隆起和盆地内部,厚煤层常靠近初始湖泛面发育(煤7);在盆地边缘河流—三角洲平原,厚煤层常靠近最大湖泛面发育(煤5)。总体来看,陆相含煤盆地三级层序中,湖侵体系域聚煤最好。 相似文献
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The Danville Coal Member (Dugger Formation, upper Desmoinesian, Pennsylvanian) is a significant economic coal resource in the Illinois Basin, central USA. Deposition of the Danville Coal (peat) was in coastal environments, varying distances from the coastline and, in turn, variable influences from saline waters. The purpose of this study is to examine the coal quality and petrography of the Danville Coal; and to discuss their relationship with depositional environment as it relates to the final coal product. A medium sulfur (1.0–1.5 wt.%) Danville Coal reserve area (northern Indiana coalfield) was compared to a low sulfur (<1.0 wt.%) Danville Coal (central Indiana coalfield) reserve area, the two being approximately 70 km apart. The medium sulfur coal resulted from the peat being deposited in a near-marine environment less protected from the influence of saline waters, whereas the low sulfur coal resulted from fine-grained, clay-dominated sediment protecting the peat from the direct influence of saline waters. Within both areas, the coal quality, coal composition, and trace element concentrations vary as a function of the proximity of the coal to the overlying Busseron Sandstone Member (Pennsylvanian). Where the Busseron Sandstone rests near or directly on the coal, the sulfur content is significantly higher in the top third of the seam. Conversely, where there is a thick section (>3 m) of finer-grained clastic sediments atop the Danville, the sulfur and trace elements contents are significantly lower. 相似文献
12.
为查明鄂尔多斯盆地塔然高勒地区直罗组上段、下段的岩性-岩相特征以及参与蚀变作用的流体强度差异,开展了系统的岩心观察、剖面对比,并结合黏土矿物、碳氧同位素和U、Th元素等手段进行分析。结果表明,研究区南部直罗组上段主要由灰绿色、红色泥岩夹透镜状红色、黄色、灰绿色砂岩组成,北部主要由红色泥岩与灰绿色砂岩构成,南北部下段均由灰白色、灰绿色砂岩或砂砾岩夹薄层泥岩组成。直罗组红色砂岩为原生沉积,灰绿色砂岩为后生改造类型;上段受含氧含铀水和深部还原性流体作用强度较下段变弱,且由北向南作用程度降低,北部还原蚀变岩石与原生岩石共存,南部基本保留原生岩石;下段则受流体改造更为充分,主体为后生蚀变岩石。直罗组不同类型砂体的展布兼受沉积相和后期流体双重作用,但强弱差异性明显,限制了铀矿化产出在直罗组下段砂体中的定位,因此,上、下段应作为不同的成矿体系讨论。 相似文献
13.
在石油、天然气、页岩气和煤层气资源勘探开发方面,镜质体反射率指标被公认是唯一可对比的烃源岩有机质成熟度评价指标。为准确测定窑街矿区海石湾井田油A层腐泥煤的有机质成熟度,采集井田钻孔煤岩样品,开展显微镜下显微成分反射光、荧光光学特征观测。测试发现,油A层腐泥煤中存在2种不同特征镜质组,一种为发荧光的镜质组,反射色低、反射率测值低;另一种为不发荧光镜质体,反射色高、反射率测值相对偏高。油A层沉积环境分层明显,上部为腐泥煤,显微成分以藻类体为主,含有大量的黄铁矿,反映深部沼泽强还原环境;下部显微成分以腐泥基质、基质镜质体、角质体为主,相较于上部,藻类体及黄铁矿含量明显降低,反映出其沉积物源发生变化,藻类等低等生物输入比例降低,高等植物物源比例增高,反映为相对较弱的还原环境。根据井田地层沉积环境、油A层腐泥煤显微组成及其与下部煤二层腐植煤的镜质组成熟度对比分析,认为油A层腐泥煤中不发荧光镜质体的反射率能够反映其真实的成熟度,与下部煤二层处于同一变质阶段。研究认识为开展腐泥煤有机质成熟度分析提供了新的方法、思路,当煤岩层中高等植物含量较少,或者与其相邻地层成熟度差异较大时,建议将局部测试结果与整个煤系各煤/岩层进行比对,同时结合其镜质体荧光特征和沉积环境综合判断分析。 相似文献
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碱沟山矿区煤层赋存条件、成煤环境、聚煤规律及煤质特征研究程度较低。经对煤层露头及小窑资料的研究,认为该矿区含煤地层为上石炭系羊虎沟组下段,主要开采10、12、14、15、16号煤层,12和15号煤层原煤灰分、硫分稍高,10、14和16号煤层为特低灰、特低硫至富硫煤层;该区煤为高发热量,特低磷-低磷煤。煤的加工利用途径主要为作碳素类制品、石墨类制品、高炉喷吹的原料（冶金喷）以及作烧结铁矿的原料等;也可进行深加工及转化加工。 相似文献
15.
J. C. Hower L. F. Ruppert C. F. Eble U. M. Graham 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1996,31(1-4)
The River Gem coal bed (upper Westphalian A) was sampled at five sites in a single mine in Whitley County, Kentucky. Previous petrographic and sulfur analyses of the collected interval samples showed that the coal bed could be divided into a basal low-sulfur lithotype, a middle high-sulfur bone lithotype and an upper high-sulfur lithotype. At one location a high-sulfur rider unit is present. In this study we have conducted detailed palynological analyses on all of the interval samples and ash geochemistry on the upper high-sulfur lithotype intervals and two of the basal high-sulfur basal lithotype intervals.Geochemical analyses show that As and Pb are generally high in the high-sulfur upper lithotypes from all five sites. Carbonates, having associated high levels of Ba and Sr, are important in the ash geochemistry of the lower, low-sulfur lithotypes. Ga, Ge and W are enriched in the higher vitrinite lithotypes among the low-sulfur samples. The basal lithotype at each of two sites, which was analyzed in detail, is enriched in yttrium plus the lighter rare earth elements.The basal low-sulfur lithotypes are dominated by arboreous lycopod spores. The middle, low-sulfur portion of the bed is dominated by herbaceous lycopsids (Densosporites) at the base of the unit and becomes increasingly enriched in Lycospora towards the top of the unit indicating that the peat-forming environment became wetter. The greatest arboreous lycopod spore abundances in the upper, high-sulfur portion the bed, along with an overlying marine roof, indicates that peat deposition was terminated by a marine inundation. 相似文献
16.
从煤岩煤质、含气性、吸附特征、裂隙发育及渗透性等方面对湘中下石炭统测水组煤层气储层(煤储层)特性进行论述。研究表明煤储层为明显的富镜质组煤,随温度、压力的增加吸附量增大。区内煤层最大含气量为41.91m3/t,以新化芦毛江至金竹山一带为中心,包括芦毛江、冷水江、渣渡、金竹山等矿区,高富集区基本呈东西向展布。但受煤阶的影响,煤层内生裂隙发育程度明显低于龙潭组煤层,同时由于煤层煤体结构连通性差以及多起构造运动形成细小的煤粉常充填于构造裂隙中,降低了煤层的渗透性。针对上述煤储层特点,指出加强对具有上封下开裂隙系统以及原生结构煤和碎裂煤整层发育地区的煤层气勘探尤为重要。 相似文献
17.
Omprakash S. Sarate 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2010,76(6):557-564
The quantitative maceral study of the Queen seam from Mailaram coalfield of Godavari valley has displayed alternate coal bands
rich in vitrinite/liptinite or inertinite. The random vitrinite reflectance (Ro max. %) of these coals, from top part ranges from 0.50 to 0.64%. However, the bottom part of the seam has indicated lower
reflectance, between 0.49 and 0.52%. Thus, the Queen seam, in general, has attained high volatile bituminous C rank. The study
indicates that the depositional site has been a slowly sinking basin that witnessed alternate dry (oxidizing) and wet (reducing)
spells. This subsequently caused fluctuation in water table of the basin and the formation of oxic and anaoxic moor condition,
where accumulated vegetal resource transformed into mixed and fusic coal types in due course of time. Being high in liptinite
and vitrinite contents and low mineral matter, the Queen seam of Mailaram coalfield has high economic potential. 相似文献
18.
煤层是成煤物质成分、特征和形成环境的统一体，煤岩组分、煤的化学组成等是煤层物质成分和形成环境的体现。通过对宜山煤田中部上二叠统合山组K7、K6、K3煤层煤质特征分析，得出本区煤层形成的沉积环境不论是成煤前期还是成煤期受海水的影响较大，海水的作用白下而上逐渐减弱。成煤期的潜水面比较低，K3煤层覆水深度比K6、K7浅，都处于动荡环境条件中，同时受到周期性干燥环境和潮湿环境相互交替作用影响。水介质条件以碱性为主，从弱还原环境或中性环境向还原环境过渡。 相似文献
19.
The Middle Jurassic Walloon Subgroup is a prolific coal seam gas (CSG) resource in the Surat Basin, Queensland. Sedimentary framework models constrain stochastic reservoir models of the geological heterogeneity, but there is limited basin analysis information in the public domain. Here we present a regionally consistent stratigraphic framework model for the Walloon CSG play in the eastern Surat Basin. Lithostratigraphic correlation of open-file industry and government wireline logs supports the interpretation of six subunits in the eastern Surat Basin (oldest–youngest: Durabilla Formation; Taroom Coal Measures; Tangalooma Sandstone; and Juandah Coal Measures, informally divided into three members named the lower Juandah Coal Measures, Juandah sandstone and upper Juandah Coal Measures). Important findings are that subunits within the Walloon Subgroup do not correlate along the entire CSG play area; in many places, the overlying Springbok Sandstone (Upper Jurassic) has incised to the lower Juandah Coal Measures level, removing the upper coal seam groups. The Walloon Subgroup thins to the south through a combination of depositional thinning and truncation. Lithofacies analysis and isopach maps support deposition in a southerly prograding fluvial system or clastic wedge. This stratigraphic and depositional interpretation informs models for hydrogeological studies of the Walloon Subgroup and underpins a regional assessment of controls on microbial methane distribution. 相似文献
20.
豫西荥巩——新密煤田太原组、山西组的沉积环境和聚煤规律 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
荥巩和新密煤田是豫西北部的两个相邻煤田。主要含煤地层为晚古生代晚石炭世太原组和早二叠世山西组,总厚100—150m;下石盒子组及晚二叠世的上石盒子组在本区仅偶含薄煤层。太原组位于含煤岩系最底部,为碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩交替沉积,灰岩形成于清澈、温暖、浅水的陆表海潮下环境,碎屑岩则为潮道和潮间带为主的潮道、潮坪沉积。太原组含有6—7层薄煤层,形成于咸水或半咸水的泥炭沼泽中。山西组几乎全由碎屑岩组成,下部发育本区的主要可采煤层二1煤。二1煤以下层位为潮坪和横向与之共生的潮道、潮沟及河口潮汐砂脊沉积,二1煤以上为河流作用为主的三角洲沉积,三角洲由北向南进积到半咸水的海湾中。二1煤形成于海退时期,它们堆积在滨海平原的淡水泥炭沼泽中,其厚度变化及发育程度主要受成煤前沉积环境控制,但在本区西部构造较复杂处,煤层厚度受后期构造影响较大。沉积环境对煤层原生厚度的影响主要表现在潮坪和废弃的潮道、潮沟、河口潮汐砂背沉积物之上,煤层发育好,而在二1煤之下有活动的潮道及河口潮汐砂脊发育时,煤层较薄或不发育。 相似文献