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西藏山地半淋溶土壤分布与大骨节病关系研究 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:6
通过西藏大骨节病县与非病县山地耕型褐土和灰褐土各土壤亚类的对比分析表明,山地褐土和灰褐土环境是西藏大骨节病主要土壤类型。其中大骨节病县有3.2万公顷耕种褐土,占全部耕种褐土的89.4%,而非病县仅0.4万公顷,占10.6%;同样,近3.9万公顷的耕种灰褐土分布在病县,占全部耕种灰褐土的97.4%,而非病县仅0.1万公顷,占2.6%。相似的半淋溶耕型土壤环境,雅鲁藏布江南岸多为非病区,北岸多为病区,可能与北岸念青唐古拉山和南岸喜马拉雅山的岩性和成土物质来源差异有关。同时土壤水土流失也可能是影响大骨节病分布的重要因素,水土流失严重的地区多为病区,而非病区多分布在地势较平坦的地区。因此系统研究西藏典型大骨节病区的土壤分异及其土壤侵蚀程度的差异对探讨未来西藏大骨节病的分布与流行有重要意义。 相似文献
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基于1:100万土壤空间数据库的有机碳储量估算研究——以中国东北三省为例 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以最近建成的中国1:100万土壤空间数据库以及《中国土种志》和省级土种志的土壤属性为基础,共收集东北三省736个土壤剖面理化分析数据,估算出该地区土壤有机碳总储量,并分析讨论了土壤有机碳密度在空间上的分布特征。结果表明,东北三省土壤有机碳密度平均为16.13 kg/m2,在空间分布上的总趋势为东北部高,西南部低,密度较高的有机碳主要分布在原始森林、湿地及部分农业耕作区中。土壤有机碳密度最高的土类为泥炭土和沼泽土等土类,最低的为石质土、风沙土等土类。 相似文献
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龙门山地区山地旅游资源特征及开发模式探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
李晓琴 《地理与地理信息科学》2010,26(2)
龙门山地区旅游资源富集程度高、特色鲜明。5.12龙门山大地震中,除少数景区遭到毁灭性破坏外,大部分世界级、国家级核心景区只是局部受损,旅游发展的基础仍在。龙门山因世界第三种造山奇观与阿尔卑斯山齐名,震惊世界的5.12龙门山大地震再次成为世界关注的焦点。龙门山地区是我国重要的生物物种宝库和资源基因库,生物多样性优势明显。同时,该区还是中国道教发源地和中国重要的人文地理分界线。该文在评价龙门山地区旅游资源特色基础上,提出龙门山地区旅游开发模式,包括地震遗址公园群落开发模式、森林公园生态旅游开发模式、生态主题公园开发模式和乡村山地生态旅游开发模式,旨在为5.12大地震灾后恢复重建、建设中国山地旅游示范区提供思路和对策。 相似文献
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The Southern Alps lie along the convergent Pacific-Indian plate boundary. Geomorphically distinct eastern, axial and western regions reflect the east-west gradient in tectonic uplift (1 to 10 mm a−1) and precipitation (600 to 10,000 mm a−1). The eastern region is divided into front-ange and basin-and-range subregions. Soil-sequence studies on terraces established temporal contrasts in pedogenesis within and between eastern and western regions encompassing Entisols, Inceptisols and Spodosols. On Late Pleistocene and early Holocene terraces Dystrochrepts are persistent soils in the eastern region and Aquods in the western region. These soil sequences are used in the interpretation of relative soil age, stratigraphy and erosion history in hill and mountain drainage basins of the eastern and western regions. In the subhumid to humid eastern front-range subregion, simple soil forms occur as catenary sequences, and there is little evidence of erosion following the destruction of forests in the last millenium. Mollisols are dominant in the subhumid, and Dystrochrepts in humid areas, respectively. Soil-debris mantle regoliths date from the early Holocene and are still developing on slopes. The soil pattern on mountain slopes in the humid, eastern basin-and-range subregion is a complex array of simple, eroded, composite and compound soils. This pattern has resulted from erosion following forest destruction within the last millenium. The oldest surface or buried forest soils are Dystrochrepts dating from the Late Pleistocene to early Holocene. Wind erosion of these low-fertility soils contributes to the loessial sediments in which younger soils have formed. In the western region, soil patterns and soil stratigraphy indicate continous instability with a complex pattern of highly leached, shallow Orthents and bedrock outcrops on slopes. The soils are eroded from slopes within 2 ka. These contrasts in soil development and erosion periodicity in the eastern and western regions of the Southern Alps parallel the east-west contrasts in erosion rates of ca. 1–10 mm a−1. 相似文献
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白马雪山自然保护区土壤类型及其分布规律 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
本文通过野外实地考察、土样室内理化分析以及有关资料整理结果,阐明了白马雪山自然保护区的土壤类型和理论化性状。此外还讨论了该保护区土壤在空间上的分布规律。 相似文献
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降雨过程中森林土壤大孔隙内优先流的发生,是森林植被调蓄径流和保持水土的主要方式。利用染色示踪法,对三峡库区宜昌大老岭-邓村地区不同垂直带内森林土壤大孔隙特征进行了实验研究。结果表明,山地植被-土壤类型的梯度变化使不同垂直带内土壤大孔隙数量差异显著,在土壤垂直剖面内呈现不同分布模式。亚高山阔叶林覆盖的山地棕壤下,土壤剖面染色面积比达62.3%,染色区域主要集中在根系发达的腐殖质层,染料下渗深度较浅。低山针叶林黄壤剖面染色比例低于亚高山阔叶林棕壤,但染料下渗深度较深可达69.5 cm,腐殖质层、淋溶淀积层和母质层间染色比例无显著差异。中山灌丛幼林黄棕壤剖面染色比例和染料下渗深度较小,腐殖质层染色比例显著高于淋溶淀积层,母质层几乎无染色现象。与森林土壤相比,低山弃耕坡地的染料下渗深度和染色面积比显著减小,染色区域集中在耕作表层。植物根孔、母质裂隙、土壤发育程度和土地耕作是造成山地不同垂直带间土壤大孔隙结构差异的主要因素。 相似文献
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南北盘江森林生态系统水源涵养功能评价 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:14
森林生态系统水源涵养功能是植被层、枯枝落叶层和土壤层对降雨进行再分配的复杂过程。运用综合蓄水能力法,基于森林资源二类调查数据,估算了贵州省南北盘江流域不同类型森林生态系统的林冠层截留降水量、枯落物持水量和土壤蓄水量,分析了流域尺度森林生态系统的水源涵养能力及其时空变化。结果表明:① 南北盘江流域森林涵养水源总量约6.13×108m3,单位面积水源涵养量629.85 t/hm2,森林水源涵养能力空间分布呈现东高西低的趋势;② 不同类型森林来说,阔叶林和灌木林对区域水源涵养总量的贡献率最大,而混交林的单位面积水源涵养量最高;③ 不同林龄比较,幼龄林对区域水源涵养贡献率最高,达45.95%,但其单位面积水源涵养能力最差,过熟林的单位面积水源涵养能力最高;④ 就坡位而言,平地和中坡森林对区域水源涵养总量的贡献率最大,山谷森林单位面积水源涵养能力最高,山脊森林单位面积涵养水源能力最低;⑤ 近35 a来,随着生态工程的实施,森林生态系统水源涵养总能力以1 447.89×104m3/a速度持续提升,单位面积水源涵养量以每年5.33 t/hm2的速度稳步提高。 相似文献
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南极乔治王岛南端的菲尔德斯半岛被认为是研究南极生态与生物资源的理想之地。本研究从该半岛全岛范围采集了3类不同类型的土壤样品,采用传统最大或然法(MPN)对其所含氮循环各类群微生物的总量进行了测定,同时利用常规Griess试剂、纳氏试剂等显色法初步估算了各菌群的功能活性强度,并结合土壤理化性质和采样点生态等进行了初步分析。目的是对该半岛土壤氮循环微生物进行先期初步了解,为进一步深入研究它们的其他特性奠定基础。结果表明:13个土样中所含氮循环微生物总量趋势为氨化菌反硝化菌硝化菌和固氮菌(活菌数),除极个别样品外均具有不同程度的硝化、反硝化、氨化活性。其中,所有土壤样品均具有比较高的氨化菌含量及氨化活性强度;丘陵山坡土壤的反硝化菌含量与反硝化活性强度要高于动、植物区土壤(极个别样品除外);动物区和植物区土壤的硝化菌含量较少,但硝化活性强度较高,预示着可能存在高效功能菌株;而丘陵山坡土壤的硝化菌含量及硝化活性强度则表现得高低不一。本结果为进一步深入研究该地区氮循环微生物提供了前期参考。 相似文献
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桤木在四川盆地中北部山丘区,普遍具有良好的结瘤能力:单株五年生林木结瘤量40~160g(鲜重),十年生最佳达200g左右.而在盆地南部酸性紫色土和黄壤上结瘤量显著降低.影响结瘤的主要因素是土壤的pH、质地和碳酸钙含量.pH中性和微碱性是结瘤的适宜环境,质地较轻、排水良好处结瘤较多,碳酸钙含量18%以上,结瘤受到抑制. 相似文献
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Ian Pope Jon Harbor Laura Zanotti Guofan Shao Dawn Bowen Gary R. Burniske 《The Professional geographer》2016,68(1):1-13
Soil erosion threatens long-term soil fertility and food production in Q’eqchi’ communities native to the Sierra Yalijux and Sierra Sacranix mountain ranges in the central highlands of Guatemala. Environmental factors such as steep topography, erodible soils, and intense precipitation events, combined with land subdivision and reduced fallow periods as a consequence of population growth, contribute to severe erosion and strain soil resources. The preservation of the region's cloud forests hinges on enhancing production of staple crops through agricultural intensification while maintaining soil fertility through implementation of soil conservation measures. 相似文献
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我国中亚热带山地土壤有机质研究 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
本文研究中亚热带地区湖南连云山、万洋山各垂直地带的A层土壤的有机质某些性质的垂直变化规律.TC、TN、Kos、HA/FA、总酸度、羧基和酚羟基含量均表现为随海拔的增高而增加的趋势,E4/E6的结果则相反.Ca键腐殖质变化不明显,Fe.Al键腐殖质、紧结态腐殖质均随海拔的升高而增加.G0%和G1%含量随海拔的升高而减小,G2%含量随海拔的升高而增加,G1/G2比值表现为基带土壤>0.5,而山地土壤<0.5.基带土壤中G2组有机碳在复合体有机碳总量中所占的比例较小,山地土壤中G2组有机碳占的比例却最大,都超过50%.聚类分析表明海拔高度对低海拔和高海拔地带土壤的有机质性质的影响小于中间过渡地带. 相似文献
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海南岛尖峰岭地区山地土壤发生特性 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对地处热带的海南岛尖峰岭地区的山地土壤的发生和发育特性进行了研究。因母岩因素以及较弱的成土作用和较强的侵蚀作用 ,土壤质地普遍较粗 ,石砾含量高。由于山地气候的垂直分异 ,不同海拔高度土壤间的发生特性存在较大差异。高海拔地区土壤易风化矿物含量高 ,低海拔地区土壤中抗风化能力强的锆石含量高 ;高海拔区土壤中粘土矿物以三水铝石和埃洛石为主 ,含有一定量的铝蛭石 ,低海拔土壤以高岭石为主 ,有一定量的水云母。伴随海拔高度的增加 ,阳离子交换量 (CEC7)、盐基总量、盐基饱和度、pH下降 ,而代换性酸H 、Al3 却逐渐增多。高海拔区湿润的水分状况和酸性成土环境导致粘粒的硅铝率、硅铁铝率较低海拔土壤小。尖峰岭地区土壤类型以雏形土为主 ,山麓分布有淋溶土。 相似文献
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湖南主要土壤酸沉降敏感性初步研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对湖南省主要土壤类型在模拟酸雨条件的敏感性大小进行研究,根据酸害阈值、酸害变化率等敏感性指标,对土壤敏感性进行比较发现,在酸雨pH值大于4.5时,处于土壤酸雨缓冲范围,而当酸雨pH值低于3.5或3时,土壤的pH值变化相当明显。不同土壤母质对酸雨的敏感性表现为:第四纪红土红壤>砂岩红壤>花岗岩红壤>紫色砂页岩红壤;由于垂直地域分异作用,山地红壤的敏感生较大,其次为山地黄棕壤,山地黄壤为不敏感土壤;另外不同土层的敏感差异不明显,受耕作过的土壤酸缓冲性能明显增强。 相似文献
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Soil distribution in high mountains reflects the impact of several soil-forming factors. Soil geomorphologists use key pedological properties to estimate ages of Quaternary deposits of various depositional environments, estimate long-term stability and instability of landscapes, and make inferences on past climatic change. Once the influence of the soil-forming factors is known, soils can be used to help interpret some aspects of landscape evolution that otherwise might go undetected.The Front Range of Colorado rises from the plains of the Colorado Piedmont at about 1700 m past a widespread, dissected Tertiary erosion surface between 2300 and 2800 m up to an alpine Continental Divide at 3600 to over 4000 m. Pleistocene valley glaciers reached the western edge of the erosion surface. Parent rocks are broadly uniform (granitic and gneissic). Climate varies from 46 cm mean annual precipitation (MAP) and 11 °C mean annual temperature (MAT) in the plains to 102 cm and −4 °C, respectively, near the range crest. Vegetation follows climate with grassland in the plains, forest in the mountains, and tundra above 3450 m. Soils reflect the bioclimatic transect from plains to divide: A/Bw or Bt/Bk or K (grassland) to A/E/Bw or Bt/C (forest) to A/Bw/C (tundra). Corresponding soil pH values decrease from 8 to less than 5 with increasing elevation. The pedogenic clay minerals dominant in each major vegetation zone are: smectite (grassland), vermiculite (forest), and 1.0–1.8 nm mixed-layer clays (tundra). Within the lower forested zone, the topographic factor (aspect) results in more leached, colder soils, with relatively thin O horizons, well-expressed E horizons and Bt horizons (Alfisols) on N-facing slopes, whereas soils with thicker A horizons, less developed or no E horizons, and Bw or Bt horizons (Mollisols) are more common on S-facing slopes. The topographic factor in the tundra results in soil patterns as a consequence of wind-redistributed snow and the amount of time it lingers on the landscape. An important parent material factor is airborne dust, which results in fine-grained surface horizons and, if infiltrated, contributes to clay accumulation in some Bt horizons. The time factor is evaluated by soil chronosequence studies of Quaternary deposits in tundra, upper forest, and plains grassland. Few soils in the study area are >10,000 years old in the tundra, >100,000 years old in the forest, and >2 million years old in the grassland. Stages of granite weathering vary with distance from the Continental Divide and the best developed is grus near the sedimentary/granitic rock contact just west of the mountain front. Grus takes a minimum of 100,000 years to form.Some of the relations indicated by the soil map patterns are: (1) parts of the erosion surface have been stable for 100,000 years or more; (2) development of grus near the mountain front could be due in part to pre-Pennsylvanian weathering; (3) a few soil properties reflect Quaternary paleoclimate; and (4) a correlation between soil development in the canyons and stream incision rates. 相似文献
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中国东部山地森林土壤动物多样性 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
以近 2 0年来中国东部土壤动物的研究资料 ,定性定量地分析了中国东部山地森林土壤动物多样性及其时空分布及人类活动对动物多样性的影响。 相似文献