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1.
Correlation of mineralogical and textural characteristics with engineering properties of selected granitic rocks from Turkey 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Granitic rocks show a variety of engineering properties that may affect quarrying operations, tunneling, mining, slope stability and the use of rock as a construction material. The physical and mechanical properties are a function of the mineralogical and textural characteristics of the rock. The purpose of this study is to apply correlation analysis to investigate the relationships between petrographical and engineering properties of granitic rocks. A variety of granitic rock samples from different parts of Turkey were subjected to petrographic studies. The same samples were then tested to determine specific gravity, dry and saturated unit weight, water absorption, effective and total porosity, sonic velocity, Schmidt hardness, point load strength index, uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. The relationships between these properties and the petrographical characteristics are described by simple regression analyses. The study revealed that the influence of the textural characteristics on the engineering properties appears to be more important than the mineralogy. It also determined that the types of contacts, grain (mineral) shape and size significantly influence the engineering properties of the granitic rocks. 相似文献
2.
某工程蚀变岩孔隙特征及其软弱程度研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
孔隙作为岩体的初始损伤,对岩体的强度及变形特性的影响尤为明显,而孔隙发育是研究区内一类力学性质较软弱岩石的显著特征。对蚀变岩孔隙特征的研究是了解蚀变岩的软弱程度及孔隙度对其软弱程度的影响的有效方法。针对此蚀变岩进行岩矿及铸体薄片分析得出蚀变岩孔隙有原生、浅表生及构造3种成因,其中以原生为主。从饱水蚀变岩的常规单轴压缩试验应力-应变全过程曲线上求取蚀变岩的饱和单轴抗压强度及割线模量,再与相应试样的孔隙度进行相关性分析,结果显示出蚀变岩的饱和单轴抗压强度及割线模量均随孔隙度的增加而减小,且呈幂函数关系。由于蚀变岩的饱和单轴抗压强度(R c)及割线模量(E s)作为软硬岩评判标准具有一致性,且两者与孔隙度(n)存在较好的相关性,以此将3者共同作为蚀变岩软弱程度的划分标准,并得出软硬岩分界处n为12%、R c为30 M Pa、E s为5 GPa。 相似文献
3.
Basalt is an extrusive igneous rock derived from Lava and spread over different localities in Jordan. It can be used in industrial applications, and as construction materials. Before using basalt, it is essential to determine its dry density, porosity, uniaxial compressive strength, and Brazilian tensile strength. The testing procedure and sample preparation used to determine the engineering properties are time-consuming and need expertise. Hence, the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test, a quick and non-destructive evaluation method, was used to determine the engineering properties. Empirical relationships for determination of dry density, porosity, uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength, and tangent modulus of elasticity were deduced. Good correlation coefficients (R2?=?0.832–0.929) were obtained between UPV and dry density, porosity, uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. These correlations were limited to intact basalt with UPV?≥?4000 m/s. 相似文献
4.
S. Y. Wang S. W. Sloan M. L. Huang C. A. Tang 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2011,44(2):179-198
Using a numerical modelling code, rock failure process analysis, 2D, the progressive failure process and associated acoustic
emission behaviour of serial and parallel rock samples were simulated. Both serial- and parallel sample models are presented
for investigating the mechanism of rock pillar failure. As expected, the numerical results show that not only the stiffness,
but also the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock plays an important role in pillar instability. For serial pillars,
the elastic rebound of a rock pillar with higher uniaxial compressive strength can lead to the sudden failure of an adjacent
rock pillar with lower uniaxial compressive strength. The failure zone forms and develops in the pillar with lower uniaxial
compressive strength; however, the failure zone does not pass across the interface of the two pillars. In comparison, when
two pillars have the same uniaxial compressive strengths but different elastic moduli, both serial pillars fail, and the failure
zone in the two pillars can interact, passing across the interface and entering the other pillar. For parallel pillars, damage
always develops in the pillar having the lower uniaxial compressive strength or lower elastic modulus. Furthermore, in accordance
with the Kaiser effect, the stress-induced damage in a rock pillar is irreversible, and only when the previous stress state
in the failed rock pillar is exceeded or the subsequent applied energy is larger than the energy released by the external
loading will further damage continue to occur. In addition, the homogeneity index of rock also can affect the failure modes
of parallel pillars, even though the uniaxial compressive strength and stiffness of each pillar are the same. 相似文献
5.
Prediction of specific energy of carbonate rock in industrial stones cutting process 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Specific energy (SE) measurements of circular saws were conducted on 12 different carbonate rocks. Rock samples were collected from the factories for laboratory tests. Bulk density, apparent porosity, uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength, flexural strength, Schmidt rebound hardness, Shore hardness, point load strength index, Los Angeles abrasion values, and P-wave velocity values were determined in the laboratory. SE and rock properties were evaluated using simple regression analysis and empirical equations were developed. The equations were verified by statistical tests. Regression analysis showed that high correlations exist between SE and uniaxial compressive strength, Shore and Schmidt hardness, bulk density, apparent porosity, and flexural strength. It was found that the SE value of rocks in cutting process was highest for those rocks having the high density, compressive strength, flexural strength, Schmidt and Shore hardness, point load strength index, and P-wave velocity values. 相似文献
6.
研究深部碳酸盐岩力学特性参数分布规律,对于预防碳酸盐岩地层钻井事故的发生具有十分重要的意义。采集对应地层埋深从3 568～5 983 m的20组不同层系的碳酸盐岩露头岩芯,借助MTS815.03和RMT150C岩石力学试验系统、RSM-SYS5非金属声波测试仪等,完成显微电镜分析、单轴压缩、三轴压缩和围压声波测试等试验。试验结果表明,（1）南方海相碳酸盐岩主要以生物碎屑白云岩、泥晶灰岩为主,粒径范围在0.01～0.20 mm之间,孔隙类型以粒内溶蚀孔隙、粒间孔隙、晶间溶孔为主,孔隙率范围为2%～12%;（2）单轴抗压强度在空间分布上有一定的规律性,三轴抗压强度在空间上为无序分布,表现出某种混沌的特征;（3）碳酸盐岩纵波速度随围压的增加而增大,在低围压下纵波速度增加明显;高围压下纵波速度变化相对较小,围压下纵波速度增幅,白云岩大于灰岩,获得白云岩、灰岩的抗压强度与其纵波波速不同的相关关系。其结论可为深部碳酸盐岩地层安全钻进提供技术参数。 相似文献
7.
Crack-initiation stress of a rock under compression is the stress level that marks the initiation of the rock microfracturing process or in other words, the onset of new damage to the rock. This paper proposed a simple methodology with justifications to explore the feasibility of using total and effective porosities as estimators of crack-initiation stress of brittle crystalline rock materials under uniaxial compression. The validity/applicability of the proposed method was examined by an experimental study of granitic materials from Malanjkhand, Madhya Pradesh. It was found that effective porosity depicts better correlation with crack-initiation stress than with uniaxial compressive strength of the granitic materials. On the other hand, total porosity does not show any perceptible correlation with uniaxial compressive strength and crack-initiation stress. Plausible reasons for the nature of the obtained results were also explained in view of rock failure process under compression. It is concluded that following the proposed method, effective porosity can be used as a physical index to obtain a quick estimate of crack-initiation stress of the investigated rocks empirically. 相似文献
8.
Salt crystallization is the most significant factor in the degradation of the natural stones used in cultural and historical structures. Stones decay partially or fully as a result of this exposure. This study is the investigation of the degradation of historical monuments (underground cities and semi-underground settlements) carved in pyroclastic rocks in Cappadocian Region which takes part in World Cultural Heritage List. Samples of pyroclastic rocks were collected from six different quarries in Cappadocia, Turkey. To understand the contribution of salt crystallization to this weathering, dry weight loss (DWL) tests were performed on these samples. To investigate the correlations between salt crystallization and other rock properties, porosity, water absorption, ultrasonic velocity, uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength, and point load index were also measured. During the SC process of weathering, the results showed that porosity and water absorption increased for all the samples whereas ultrasonic velocity, uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, and point load index values decreased. Evaluation of the data obtained from these tests showed very high logarithmic correlations between the dry weight loss values and the mechanical properties. 相似文献
9.
液氮温度极低（?195.8℃）,当与储层岩石接触时,能够改变岩石物性并对岩石结构产生损伤致裂,因此,可用于储层压裂改造。为了研究液氮压裂时低温对岩石力学性能的影响,分别对不同含水状态（干燥与饱和）的不同类型（大理岩、砂岩和花岗岩）岩石进行液氮冻结处理,并对冻结前、后岩样进行抗拉及单轴抗压强度对比测试。结果表明,经液氮冻结后,岩石的单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度和弹性模量都降低;岩石在干燥状态下,液氮冻结对大理石强度的影响大于对红砂岩的影响;岩石饱和水状态下,液氮冻结对红砂岩强度的影响大于对大理岩的影响;饱和水状态岩石经液氮冻结后,其应力-轴应变曲线在弹性变形阶段出现一个拐点;对于同种类型岩石,饱和水状态能加剧液氮冻结并对岩石损伤,岩石强度影响显著;对3种岩样微观结构进行了电镜扫描（以大理岩为例进行分析）,发现经液氮冻结后在矿物颗粒之间生成了微裂隙。研究结果可为进一步研究液氮压裂机制提供试验依据。 相似文献
10.
结构面是岩体区别于岩石材料的一大特征,其产状、迹长、密度等参数对岩体的力学性质有着重要影响。本文利用FLAC3D对含结构面岩体试样的单轴压缩特性进行了较为系统的数值模拟研究。文中建立了含不同组贯通性结构面的岩体试样模型和含不同倾角及迹长的非贯通结构面岩体试样模型,对每个试样进行单轴压缩试验的数值模拟,结构体和结构面均采用Mohr-Coulomb剪切和拉伸破坏准则。模拟中用编制的伺服控制程序通过调节加载速度,控制试样内最大不平衡力,研究含结构面试样单轴压缩情况下的变形、强度及破坏方式等特征。模拟结果显示,含1-3组贯通性结构面试样呈现各向异性特征,而含4组贯通性结构面试件呈现各向同性特征。随着贯通性结构面数量的增多,同尺寸试件的变形强度参数劣化。含单组非贯通性结构面试件,其单轴压缩模拟试验的应力-应变曲线峰值后出现应力降。基于Mohr-Coulomb抗剪强度准则和损伤理论所得的解析解与数值模拟结果所得的非贯通性结构面试件的单轴压缩强度不符,说明用抗剪强度准则与损伤理论刻画非贯通结构面试样的强度并不合理。随着非贯通性结构面贯通率的增大,试件的变形、强度参数劣化。含单组结构面试件的破坏方式可分为结构面控制破坏,结构面部分控制破坏和结构面不控制破坏3种类型,而随着结构面组数的增多,结构面控制试样破坏的概率增加。 相似文献
11.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(1):53-61
In many rock engineering applications such as foundations, slopes and tunnels, the intact rock properties are not actually determined by laboratory tests, due to the requirements of high quality core samples and sophisticated test equipments. Thus, predicting the rock properties by using empirical equations has been an attractive research topic relating to rock engineering practice for many years. Soft computing techniques are now being used as alternative statistical tools. In this study, artificial neural network models were developed to predict the rock properties of the intact rock, by using sound level produced during rock drilling. A database of 832 datasets, including drill bit diameter, drill bit speed, penetration rate of the drill bit and equivalent sound level (Leq) produced during drilling for input parameters, and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Schmidt rebound number (SRN), dry density (ρ), P-wave velocity (Vp), tensile strength (TS), modulus of elasticity (E) and percentage porosity (n) of intact rock for output, was established. The constructed models were checked using various prediction performance indices. Goodness of the fit measures revealed that recommended ANN model fitted the data as accurately as experimental results, indicating the usefulness of artificial neural networks in predicting rock properties. 相似文献
12.
红层是我国南方分布广泛的白垩纪沉积软岩，大量试验数据分析表明，反映红层工程性质的一些重要物理力学指标间存在着较好的相关性，由于岩石结构的差异，不同地区红层的相关方程差异较大。通过对试验数据进行回归分析。建立了抚州市区红层的饱和重度与饱和单轴抗压强度、饱和单轴抗压强度与割性模量、三轴抗压强度与围压之间的相关方程，分析了现有点荷载试验强度与饱和单轴抗压强度相关方程对抚州红层的不适用性，并建立了相应的相关性明显的相关方程。 相似文献
13.
Manish Kumar Jha A. K. Verma Pradeep Kumar Gautam Anil Negi 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2017,90(3):267-272
Shale is an important rock due to its suitability for different engineering and scientific applications. Elevated temperature may cause major deformation or damage in shale rock and it may be of irreversible in nature. Such damage have adverse effect on the physicomechnical properties of shale rock. The uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength of two shales (upper Vindhyan basin, India) have been estimated at elevated temperature using point load strength index method. The rock samples have been analyzed at various temperatures starting from room temperature to 900 °C. The effect of elevated temperature on the physicomechanical properties and their influence on the uniaxial compressive strength has been studied in detail. Damage induced, in both shale have been estimated using compressional wave velocity. The analysis of the experimental result shows that the uniaxial compressive strength decreases from 63.45 to 18.45 MPa and 60.94 to 22.22 MPa, for Jhiri and Ganurgarh shale respectively. Tensile strength of shales have been also estimated. The value of tensile strength decreases from 3.65 to 1.05 MPa and 3.46 to 1.26 MPa respectively for Jhiri and Ganurgarh shale. Multivariate regression analysis has been carried out to obtain the correlation between physicomechanical properties and uniaxial compressive strength of Jhiri and Ganurgarh shale. 相似文献
14.
Engineering properties of rocks vary as they are heterogeneous materials by nature because of mineralogical composition, texture, porosity, and alteration, etc. This study focuses on the investigation of the relationship between internal structure and engineering parameters of basalt samples by digitizing the textural properties. Thin sections studies of basalts were made into three groups: aphanitic, amygdaloidal, and vesicular on the basis of texture. Further, the textural properties were digitized in thin sections and the texture coefficient (TC) of each group was calculated. Uniaxial compressive strength, dry unit weight, point load strength index, Schmidt hammer rebound, and P-wave velocity of the samples were determined in the laboratory. Simple regression analyses were performed using the laboratory results incorporating first TC and engineering parameters and the second phase of the analysis focused on the relationship between uniaxial compressive strength and the rest of the parameters of samples with different texture coefficients. The highest texture coefficient was found to be 0.50 in aphanitic basalts while vesicular basalts have the lowest TC of 0.37. As the TC increases, rock strength increases. Strong-very strong correlations between uniaxial compressive strength and the rest of the engineering parameters of aphanitic and amygdaloidal-basalts with a TC of 0.50 and 0.45 are in agreement with the findings in the literature while there are no meaningful correlations between uniaxial strength and the aforementioned parameters except dry unit weight in vesicular basalts. These results indicate that the presence of empty pores in vesicular basalts reduced the uniaxial compressive strength and TC by increasing the heterogeneity. 相似文献
15.
Preparing high-quality samples, which can fulfill testing standards, from weak and block-in-matrix conglomerate for laboratory tests, is a big challenge in engineering projects. Hence, using indirect methods seems to be indispensable for determination uniaxial compressive strength (UCS). The main objective of this study is to estimate the relation between sonic velocity (Vp), Schmidt hammer rebound number (SCH) and UCS. For this reason, some samples of weak conglomeratic rock were collected from two different sites of dam in Iran (Bakhtiari and Hezardareh Formations). In order to evaluate the correlation, the measured and predicted values utilizing simple and multivariate regression techniques were examined. To control the performance of the proposed equation, root mean square error (RMSE) and value accounts for (VAF%) were determined. The VAF% and RMSE indices were computed as 94.34 and 1.56 for the relation between Vp and UCS from simple regression model. These were 94.39 and 1.6 between SCH and UCS, while these were 97.24 and 1.34 for uniaxial compressive strengths obtained from multivariate regression model. 相似文献
16.
Understanding rock material characterizations and solving relevant problems are quite difficult tasks because of their complex behavior, which sometimes cannot be identified without intelligent, numerical, and analytical approaches. Because of that, some prediction techniques, like artificial neural networks (ANN) and nonlinear regression techniques, can be utilized to solve those problems. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the cycling integer of slake durability index test on intact rock behavior and estimate some rock properties, such as uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and modulus of elasticity (E) from known rock index parameters using ANN and various regression techniques. Further, new performance index (PI) and degree of consistency (Cd) are introduced to examine the accuracy of generated models. For these purposes, intact rock dataset is established by performing rock tests including uniaxial compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, Schmidt hammer, effective porosity, dry unit weight, p‐wave velocity, and slake durability index tests on selected carbonate rocks. Afterward, the models are developed using ANN and nonlinear regression techniques. The concluding remark given is that four‐cycle slake durability index (Id4) provides more accurate results to evaluate material characterization of carbonate rocks, and it is one of the reliable input variables to estimate UCS and E of carbonate rocks; introduced performance indices, both PI and Cd, may be accepted as good indicators to assess the accuracy of the complex models, and further, the ANN models have more prediction capability than the regression techniques to estimate relevant rock properties. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
Relationship Between Petrographic Characteristics and the Engineering Properties of Jurassic Sandstones, Hamedan, Iran 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
M. Heidari A. A. Momeni B. Rafiei S. Khodabakhsh M. Torabi-Kaveh 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(5):1091-1101
To study the relationship between engineering properties and petrographic characteristics, 20 rock samples were collected from Jurassic sandstones in the Hamedan region, western Iran. The specimens were tested to determine uniaxial compressive strength, point load strength index, tangent modulus, porosity, and dry and saturated unit weights. Samples were also subjected to petrographic examination, which included the observation of 11 parameters and modal analysis. Based on the results of a statistical analysis, polynomial prediction equations were developed to estimate physical and mechanical properties from petrographic characteristics. The results show that textural characteristics are more important than mineral compositions for predicting engineering characteristics. The packing density, packing proximity and grain shape are the petrographic properties that significantly affect the engineering properties of samples. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed, employing four steps comprising various combinations of petrographic characteristics for each engineering parameter. The optimal equation, along with the relevant combination of petrographic characteristics for estimating the engineering properties of the rock samples is proposed. 相似文献
18.
充分认识岩石的地质本质性是准确描述其物理力学特性的桥梁。岩石的地质本质性涵盖了岩石的物质性、结构性和赋存状态3个方面的内容。在综合考虑岩石上述3方面特征及其与单轴试验联系的基础上,以矿物组成、密度、纵波波速和含水状态为基本指标,采用回归和BP神经网络的方法对碳酸盐岩单轴抗压强度进行预测,并采用灰色关联分析法验证本研究所选用的预测基本指标的合理性。实例应用表明：本次采用的回归方法对该类岩石强度预测的最大误差为15.3%,BP神经网络方法预测的最大误差为8.5%。预测误差出现的原因为碳酸盐岩物质组成复杂,所选预测基本指标是实际情况的简化,同时泥灰质岩石所具有的膨胀性也导致实测和预测结果具有一定的差异。 相似文献
19.
为了研究盐穴能源地下储库建造过程中,腔体围岩处在地温、卤水和地应力地质环境中盐岩的损伤演化特点,利用声发射技术分析盐岩受不同温度的饱和卤水作用后的单轴压缩损伤破坏过程。试验发现：在一定温度的饱和卤水中浸泡30 d后盐岩的单轴抗压强度和弹性模量有所降低,但降低的平均幅度很小;卤水对盐岩主要表现为溶蚀作用,而浸泡弱化作用非常小;单轴压缩过程中盐岩的应力-应变曲线与声发射-应变曲线具有较好的一致性,卤水浸泡后盐岩的累计声发射数随卤水的温度升高略有增加;卤水作用后盐岩试件的声发射率和累计数要小于无卤水作用盐岩;盐穴建造期盐岩受一定温度的卤水作用后盐岩的强度将出现一定弱化,但卤水也会促进损伤盐岩体的重结晶恢复,盐岩的这种特性有利于盐穴建造期安全和稳定。 相似文献
20.
使用隧道掘进机（TBM）开挖隧道时刀盘和盾体阻碍了对岩石状态的观察,这时可使用岩渣对岩石条件进行预测和评价。从滚刀破碎掌子面产生的岩渣中选取块状岩石进行点荷载试验可以获得岩石强度,但是受过滚刀损伤作用的岩石强度值与未受损伤的岩石强度值之间的关系尚不明确。从吉林引松供水工程TBM破岩产生的岩渣中挑选块状试样进行点荷载试验,同时在产生岩渣的相应位置钻取岩芯获取点荷载强度,与单轴抗压强度进行了对比,记录了取样地点地质状态、试样的尺寸、破碎状态以及等效断裂面积。结果表明：岩渣中的岩块受到滚刀作用产生的损伤强度值有所下降,为完整取芯试样的63.25%,原岩越完整受损程度越大;灰岩点荷载强度换算岩石单轴抗压强度系数约为25.3,直接使用岩渣时建议系数约为42.1;峰值荷载与等效断裂面积成正比;尺寸过大的试块往往与岩体原有裂隙有关,强度极低,不适宜用作点荷载试验。研究结果为TBM隧道现场快速获取岩石强度参数提供了方法和依据。 相似文献