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为推进航空高光谱遥感矿物信息提取技术及其在地质工程化中的应用,2010—2015年,以我国西部成矿带为调查区,使用CASI/SASI/TASI航空高光谱数据,在进行矿物光谱特征分析、高光谱影像数据预处理、矿物信息提取、蚀变异常信息筛选及区域找矿预测基础上,编制了矿物种类分布图、单矿物丰度分布图和找矿预测图等高光谱地质调查系列专题图件; 建立了一套高光谱遥感矿物填图技术体系,解决了高光谱数据预处理与矿物提取等方面的技术问题,推进了地质填图向精细化和微观化方向发展。该研究为高光谱技术在地质工程化中的应用奠定了基础,丰富了地质填图的产品类型和内容,并服务于地质找矿等地质工作。 相似文献
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《中国地质调查》2016,(4)
为推进航空高光谱遥感矿物信息提取技术及其在地质工程化中的应用,2010—2015年,以我国西部成矿带为调查区,使用CASI/SASI/TASI航空高光谱数据,在进行矿物光谱特征分析、高光谱影像数据预处理、矿物信息提取、蚀变异常信息筛选及区域找矿预测基础上,编制了矿物种类分布图、单矿物丰度分布图和找矿预测图等高光谱地质调查系列专题图件;建立了一套高光谱遥感矿物填图技术体系,解决了高光谱数据预处理与矿物提取等方面的技术问题,推进了地质填图向精细化和微观化方向发展。该研究为高光谱技术在地质工程化中的应用奠定了基础,丰富了地质填图的产品类型和内容,并服务于地质找矿等地质工作。 相似文献
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新疆乌什北山填图试点项目充分发挥遥感技术的先导作用,探索1:50000高山峡谷区填图方法。不同分辨率遥感数据在岩性、构造解译等方面的差异表明多源遥感数据综合解译能有效提高解译程度。研究认为同一遥感数据最佳波段组合图像、Landsat-8和Worldview-2数据协同图像增强了对岩性和构造识别的能力。高光谱遥感矿物填图和岩性分类、基于ASTER热红外遥感数据的岩石化学成分填图等是高山峡谷区填图有效技术方法。利用ETM和ASTER数据开展矿化蚀变信息提取,结果表明ASTER较ETM数据在铁染异常、羟基异常等提取方面具有更大的优势。分析认为多元信息综合预测是区域找矿的重要途径。根据乌什北山地质地貌特征,选择其中有效技术方法或技术方法组合开展1:50000地质填图,结果显示在减少剖面测制和路线地质调查数量的同时,达到了填图精度,并取得了若干重要研究成果,为区域构造演化和成矿规律分析总结提供了资料支撑。 相似文献
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《西北地质》2021,(2)
基于ASTER光谱特征进行岩性解译和蚀变信息提取在找矿勘查方面有着广泛应用,但在国内鲜有报道。以雅鲁藏布江缝合带念扎金矿为研究区,通过对与Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)、Al-OH、MgOH、硅酸盐、碳酸盐等成分相关特征的矿物光谱特征分析,运用"波段比值法+假彩色合成法"进行细致的岩性单元分类与地质填图,运用"地质遥感剖面+最优密度分割法"定量圈定与矿化有关的蚀变带范围,结合已有的控矿构造信息,提供推测找矿有利区2处。研究结果表明,基于ASTER光谱特征的岩性填图和蚀变信息提取方法进行找矿预测,在西藏高海拔地区具有天然的适用性,可以准确指示岩性和蚀变的关键找矿标志,是西藏地区快速有效找矿勘查的重要手段,也为区带内其他相同类型的金矿床研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
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针对遥感找矿过程中所面临的干扰因素多、地表覆盖类型多样导致的遥感找矿困难的问题,提出了低植被覆盖区斑岩铜矿"小型侵入岩体异常+线性构造异常+蚀变矿物异常"的多尺度遥感找矿模型,并系统总结了该模型的基本原理和技术流程。以环巴尔喀什-西准噶尔成矿带为研究区,分析了研究区的成矿地质背景;在遥感找矿模型的指导下,依据遥感找矿技术流程提取了研究区的岩性、构造和蚀变矿物等控矿要素;结合野外地表验证情况,综合多源数据,圈定了5处重点远景区;结合大比例尺遥感蚀变矿物填图、地质、地球物理、地球化学和探槽取样的分析结果,圈定3处遥感找矿靶区。 相似文献
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为深入研究和探讨高分五号(GF-5)航天高光谱遥感技术在铀矿地质找矿中的应用效果和潜力,基于龙首山成矿带航天高光谱数据,开展高光谱数据处理和蚀变信息提取工作,创新实现了GF-5高光谱波段修复,通过构建标准光谱库和诊断光谱,运用MNF算法、PPI算法,结合SAM光谱角填图技术,完成蚀变矿物端元提取和光谱匹配,实现研究区钠长石、方解石、石英、绿泥石、赤铁矿和高岭土蚀变矿物的提取,综合区域铀矿成矿地质背景,通过开展地面波谱测量和野外调查,在验证蚀变准确度的基础上,剖析航天高光谱蚀变信息和成矿规律,构建了区域找矿定位模型,圈定找矿预测区3处,取得了较好的找矿效果,为国产GF-5高光谱遥感在地质找矿中的应用提供了参考。 相似文献
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含羟基和含铁矿物异常作为两大类近矿围岩蚀变是遥感间接找矿的重要标志.在地质找矿遥感勘查中,含羟基和含铁矿物分布制图和异常信息提取非常重要.近矿围岩蚀变在某些特定光谱波段可形成蚀变岩石光谱异常,这些特有的光谱特性在ETM+图像中被敏锐地识别到,用于含羟基和含铁矿物异常信息提取.新疆乌恰地区ETM+遥感图像,应用遥感图像处理技术和统计学方法,将各种微弱蚀变信息按级次圈定,进行羟基和含铁矿物异常信息分布的研究.综合地质、地球化学和遥感等信息的"二次开发"研究,优化了找矿信息,在此基础上圈定找矿远景靶区. 相似文献
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含矿层中成矿元素的迁移富集可胁迫影响上覆植物光谱, 因此, 利用植物响应特征提取成矿元素富集信息可指示潜在的矿床位置.以内蒙古西乌旗草原覆盖区为例, 采集典型植物光谱并测试元素含量, 分析红边和吸收深度对不同成矿元素的敏感性, 并进行模型显著性参数检验, 建立了基于植物吸收深度的Co和W元素响应模型, 应用于示范区的Hyperion影像, 圈定了Co和W元素富集信息.结合野外实地采样验证, 富集点元素含量均高于背景值.该研究可为植被覆盖区的高光谱遥感地质调查提供新的思路. 相似文献
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稀土稀有稀散元素现代仪器测试全新方法的建立 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文系统总结了自2011年以来在三稀矿产实验测试方面取得的新进展。重点介绍了离子相稀土单元素浸泡提取实验研究、稀土原产地Nd同位素与微量元素示踪技术研究、离子吸附型稀土样品野外现场快速定性定量手持X射线荧光(XRF)分析研究成果。结果表明,采用25%硫酸铵浸泡提取,电感耦合等离子体光、质谱(ICP- AES、ICP- MS)测定,可以清晰反映出各稀土元素的浸泡提取率;采用高精度多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC- ICP- MS)进行稀土矿石中Nd143/Nd144同位素比值测定,其比值差异可以示踪不同稀土矿石产地;通过精确测试分析不同产地稀土精矿样品中的稀土和其他微量元素含量,并进行数据相关性分析和数据分类分析,通过Y、Be和Bi三种元素含量的比较,可以判断稀土精矿来源;野外现场快速分析,20分钟可完成1件样品测试,不仅可定性判断是否为离子吸附型稀土,同时可定量各离子相稀土单元素含量,与室内精确分析结果符合性良好,可为我国离子吸附型稀土矿床的找矿快速筛查提供技术支撑。 同时介绍了混合酸微波分解样品- 电感耦合等离子体光、质谱(ICP- AES、ICP- MS)同时测定钨矿石、钼矿石、铌钽矿石中的多种稀有稀散稀土元素含量的方案。该方案的特点在于采用了耐氢氟酸体系,尤其对高含量W、Nb、Ta样品更具优势,否则易产生水解,导致测定结果系统偏低。同时梳理总结了我国常见三稀矿石地质样品的特点,针对不同矿种、不同矿床样品类型与基体特点,以及所测试元素种类的不同,研究建立了专门针对“稀有、稀散、稀土元素”现代仪器分析的10个全新的配套方法及其相应的技术指标(准确度、精密度、检出限),可满足地质矿产实验室测试质量管理的规范要求,而且为我国三稀金属矿产资源的战略调查、国家重点研发计划“深地锂资源探测”和四川甲基卡等地找矿突破做出了贡献。 相似文献
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正态分布在区域地球化学调查样品分析质量评价中的应用探讨 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
区域地球化学样品长期以来一直是采用间接方法对实际样品元素分析质量进行评价,有效地提高了区域地球化学样品的整体分析质量,但是当实际样品和外部质量控制样品含量范围差别较大时,间接评价的效果会减弱。本文从区域地球化学样品大部分元素符合标准(对数)正态分布的规律出发,运用SPSS、Excel等软件对区域地球化学调查样品元素含量正态分布情况进行研究,通过计算元素含量实际正态分布图和标准正态分布图的重合度直接评价元素的分析质量。运用整套方法对实验室分析的江西某地多目标区域地球化学样品的分析数据进行了质量评价,正态分布检验表明微量元素需要通过对数转换才能进行正态分布分析,该地区钛、钨、铬等元素不适合用本方法进行质量评价;钴、汞、镓等18个元素的重合度都在0.9以上;氧化钙和氧化钠重合度小于0.9,样品实际结果分析表明需降低分析方法检出限,提高低含量氧化钙和氧化钠的分析质量。本方法对区域地球化学调查样品的分析数据质量的直接评价作了有益的尝试,可以作为现有区域地球化学调查样品质量评价办法的参考和补充。 相似文献
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Dusan Milovic 《Engineering Geology》1988,25(2-4):283-302
Milovic, D., 1988. Stress deformation properties of macroporous loess soils. Eng. Geol., 25: 283–302.
Herein are presented the results of laboratory and field tests which were carried out on loess in Yugoslavia.
Experience gained during recent decades show that the loess soil in some cases undergoes structural collapse and subsidence due to inundation. In order to find the explanation of such behaviour, numerous laboratory and field load tests on loess soil have been performed. Using the obtained results, several correlations have been established.
On the basis of the unconfined test results, a correlation between the initial dry density, initial water content and unconfined compression strength has been established.
A relatively large number of the consolidation subsidence tests (about 550), carried out on undisturbed loess samples, made possible the determination of the degree of subsidence and the corresponding values of the dimensionless coefficients of subsidence. These coefficients have been determined for several values of the initial dry density, for various degrees of saturation and for several stress levels upon wetting. Using these coefficients, the values of the additional settlement caused by flooding of loess under the foundation can easily be calculated. It is of particular interest to note that, in general, water penetrates under one part of the building, producing differential settlements, which are in most cases very dangerous.
By the comparative laboratory investigation of the undisturbed loess samples obtained by thin walled sampler and samples obtained from pits, it has been shown that the mechanical disturbance is an extremely important factor which governs the shear and deformation parameters of loess soils.
The laboratory test results obtained on undisturbed loess samples, cut from blocks in the vertical and horizontal direction, have shown that this soil exhibits anisotropic properties. For this reason a stress deformation problem in an anisotropic medium has been treated by the finite element method.
Static penetration tests and field load tests in loess soils with natural water content and also after saturation have been performed and are described.
The results of the observed settlements for two statically identical multi-storey buildings are also presented. Using the coefficients of subsidence for the undisturbed samples cut from blocks, very good agreement between the calculated and the observed settlements has been obtained. 相似文献
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The upper part of the Adediya Formation (Cambro-Ordivician) exposed in southwestern Sinai represents a very interesting succession. It contains mineralizations which are exceptionally rich in radioactive and rare earth elements as well as heavy metals. Field and several laboratory studies were carried out on this part of the Adediya Formation exposed in four stratigraphic sections distributed in a geographically wide area in southwestern Sinai.The radioactive mineralizations exist in sandstones, ironstone bodies and, to a much lesser extent, siltstones. Each of these rock types has a relatively wide range of textural characteristics. The recorded mineral assemblage consists of a large number of essential and accessory minerals some of which are radioactive and REE-bearing.The obtained field and laboratory data were implemented to determine the sedimentary history of the host rocks and the genesis of the mineral species which constitute the mineralizations. This included the identification of the types and effects of the various diagenetic processes and hydrothermal activity which led to the genesis of the recorded mineralizations. Also, the relative roles played by these post-depositional processes in determining the mineral, chemical and radioactive characteristics of the mineralizations and host rocks were assessed. These roles resulted in redistribution of the various elements especially the radioactive and rare earth elements as well as heavy metals during the epigenetic phase particularly by the action of supergene processes. A genetic model for the studied mineralizations is proposed. 相似文献
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As part of a research program conducted on behalf of the Department of Energy, available data on the Roosevelt Springs KGRA were synthesized to determine the spatial arrangement of the rocks, and the patterns of mass and energy flow within them. The resulting model led to a new interpretation of the geothermal system, and provided “ground truth” for evaluating the application of soil geochemistry to exploration for concealed geothermal fields. Preliminary geochemical studies comparing the surface micro-layer to conventional soil sampling methods indicated both practical and chemical advantages for the surface micro-layer technique.The elements arsenic, antimony and cesium in the surface microlayer samples in particular, gave a strong expression of one of the principal faults in the geothermal field. In contrast the analysis of soil samples from only 20 cm below the surface gave little or no expression of the geothermal field.As a consequence, the surface micro-layer was the chosen sampling medium for the second field program, which entailed the collection of a total of some 300 samples on both a regional and detailed pattern covering about 250 km2. These samples were subsequently analyzed by a variety of methods yielding data on 41 elements and ions.Computer contouring revealed that, on a single-element basis, cesium, antimony and arsenic provided the best expression of the KGRA, and indicated other interesting areas of geothermal leakage. Elements such as beryllium and lithium, which are present in highly anomalous concentrations in the opaline sinter deposited by geothermal leakage, do not have an expression in the overlying soils or the surface micro-layer. Computer manipulation of the multi-element data using R-mode factor analysis provided the optimum method of interpretation of the surface micro-layer data. A single factor in which the principal contributors were arsenic, antimony and cesium provided the best indication of the leakage of geothermal solutions within the KGRA. Anomalies in the Escalante Desert to the west of the geothermal field are associated with the trace of a fault zone, and may, therefore, be an activity. Trend surface analysis of the soil mercury data has indicated a regional high in this element in the Mineral Mountains to the east of the KGRA, which may indicate the position of a dry heat source at depth.These data demonstrate that surface micro-layer sampling on a regional scale can serve as a prospecting tool for geothermal resource areas. However, it is possible that the optimum pathfinder elements may vary with the nature of heat source, the geochemistry of the local rocks and the local surficial environment. It is therefore recommended that a multi-element approach should be adopted, with subsequent computer processing of the data. 相似文献
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A. Viana Da Fonseca J. Carvalho C. Ferreira J. A. Santos F. Almeida E. Pereira J. Feliciano J. Grade A. Oliveira 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(5):1307-1348
This paper summarizes the results of an experimental site investigation and characterization survey, on a residual (saprolitic)
soil from granite, in the framework of a research project led by the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP).
This project aims at characterizing these unusual soils in the context of the development of an International Prediction Event
(Class A) on the behaviour of different types of piles. A very extensive site characterization campaign, including a large
variety of in-situ tests and field methods, has been held. These investigations comprised the application of several geophysical
borehole and surface methods, namely P- and S-wave seismic refraction, reflection, cross-hole (CH), down-hole (DH), electrical
resistivity imaging and ground probing radar (GPR), as well as mechanical tests, namely SPT, CPT and DMT, among others. The
site is geologically formed by an upper layer of heterogeneous residual granitic soil, overlaying rather weathered granite
contacting a gneissic migmatite. Direct and indirect results from some of the referred surveys were compared between them
and with some of the available geological and geotechnical information, namely those obtained from seismic, electrical and
GPR profiles, conducted adjacent to three boreholes in which undisturbed soil samples were collected previously to geophysical
data acquisition. In addition, a comprehensive laboratory testing program was carried out using the collected undisturbed
samples. A discussion of the obtained results is hereby presented, giving emphasis to the correlations encountered between
the different tests, specific of saprolitic soils with weak relic structures. 相似文献
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Myint Win Bo Ming-Fang Chang A. Arulrajah Victor Choa 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2012,30(1):45-62
Geotechnical ground investigation is important in all construction works particularly, land reclamation projects. The Changi
East reclamation project is a mega project that involves creation of land space as large as 3,000 hectares in multiple phases
between 1991 and 2005. Ground investigation plays a critical role in the Changi project which involved substantial amount
of ground improvement works after reclamation by sand filling. One important aspect of the investigation was to evaluate the
geotechnical characteristics of the underlying compressible soils beneath the original seabed for the selection of suitable
methods of ground improvement. The other important aspect of the investigation was to characterize and verify the compactness
of the reclaimed sand fill. Many types of in situ tests were extensively used in the project. The field vane shear test provides
correlations between the undrained shear strength and depth for the upper and the lower marine clay strata in the Northern
part and the Southern Part of the reclaimed site. Combined with laboratory undrained shear strength tests, the field vane
strength profiles allow the derivation of the undrained shear strength over effective stress ratios for the upper and the
lower marine clays. In addition, results from three other in situ tests, the piezocone cone penetration test, the flat dilatometer
test, and the self boring pressuremeter test provided useful verification of these correlations. A field-performance based
method of assessing degree of consolidation in the underlying clay was developed by combining field monitoring, laboratory
testing and conventional as well as specialized in situ testing. An effective use of in situ testing methods for assessment,
the outcome of ground improvement and for fill quality control in the densification of granular soils is illustrated with
field observation data collected at the project site. 相似文献