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地质灾害一直是许多学者研究的焦点议题。北川羌族自治县作为2008年汶川地震的极重灾区之一,地质灾害严重影响该地区的生产生活。本文以影响北川县居民点的地质灾害普查数据为基础,从地质地貌、气候等方面,应用地理探测器针对北川县地质灾害的发生进行定量归因。研究结果表明:1)单因子方面年降水量(23.22%)影响力最大,地震烈度(3.70%)最小。2)交互作用大于单因子作用,其中,海拔高度与年降水量交互作用后的解释力达到33.37%。该研究成果可为制定北川县地质灾害防治措施和选择移民搬迁场地提供参考依据。 相似文献
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贵州省因其复杂的地形地貌和强降水等气候特征,滑坡灾害频繁发生。亟需一种可靠的滑坡早期识别和监测方法。传统的滑坡识别和监测方法存在局限性,而InSAR技术在大规模地质灾害监测中具有独特的优势。但是,基于单一地表形变值的滑坡识别结果存在一定的不确定性。因此,本文联合InSAR技术和光学遥感,利用Sentinel-1A雷达卫星影像数据对贵州省六盘水市、铜仁市、贵阳市等地区进行大规模地表形变监测和危险形变区识别;并采用基于NDVI时间序列分析和基于滑坡发育要素的滑坡识别方法对研究区潜在滑坡灾害进行调查。利用InSAR技术对研究区域内重点滑坡（鸡场镇）进行监测,及时掌握滑坡的运动状态。本文方法对贵州省的灾害防治和管理具有重要意义。 相似文献
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城市地质灾害应急管理平台的设计与研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国地质灾害多发,严重威胁到山地城市安全.城市地质灾害应急管理的首要环节是应急部门对信息的及时沟通和决策部门对信息的高效管理.因此,设计具有完善的数据共享模式,并具备良好服务架构的信息平台是科学应急管理的必要手段.本文研究了城市地质灾害应急管理平台设计中的关键技术,提出了基于地理网络和元数据管理的数据共享模式;建立了基于SOA的平台架构,并描述了分布式环境下的平台配置结构.通过引入先进的软件技术和GIS技术,可以为城市地质灾害救援指挥提供必要的信息和技术支撑,最终实现减轻城市突发性地质灾害损失的目的. 相似文献
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东莞市三维地质灾害信息发布平台基于stamp GIS三维技术,利用GIS强大的数据管理与分析能力,实现了东莞市地质灾害数据专题数据管理、群测群防、防灾知识宣传、二三维一体化显示及应用,为相关职能部门提供决策依据。 相似文献
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Weilian Li Jan-Henrik Haunert Julius Knechtel Jun Zhu Qing Zhu Youness Dehbi 《Transactions in GIS》2023,27(6):1766-1793
Detecting and collecting public opinion via social media can provide near real-time information to decision-makers, which plays a vital role in urban disaster management and sustainable development. However, there has been little work focusing on identifying the perception and the sentiment polarity expressed by users during and after disasters, particularly regional flood events. In this article, we comprehensively analyze tweets data related to the “European floods in 2021” over time, topic, and sentiment, forming a complete workflow from data processing, topic modeling, sentiment analysis, and topic and sentiment prediction. The aim is to address the following research questions: (1) What are the public perception and main concerns during and after floods? (2) How does the public sentiment change during and after floods? Results indicate that there is a significant correlation between a flood's trend and the heat of corresponding tweets. The three topics that receive the most public concern are: (1) climate change and global warming; (2) praying for the victims: and (3) disaster situations and information. Negative sentiments are predominant during the floods and will continue for some time. We tested five different classifiers, of which TextCNN-attention turned out to deliver the best predictions in topic and sentiment prediction, and performed well for sparse flood tweets, it can be used to predict the topic and sentiment polarity of a single tweet in real-time during the flood events. Our findings can help disaster agencies to better understand the dynamics of social networks and develop stronger situational awareness towards a disaster, which can contribute to scientifically justified decision-making in urban risk management and also meet the challenges associated with the global sustainable development goal 11 (SDGs) on Sustainable Cities and Communities. 相似文献
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谢慧芬 《测绘与空间地理信息》2011,34(3):242-243,247
论述了遥感技术在地质灾害监测和治理中的应用,即通过遥感技术及时准确获取地质灾害有关信息,对地质灾害防治方面实现灾前预警、灾情监控、灾后评估,充分利用现代科学技术和手段对遥感卫星影像数据进行分析,为灾后治理方案的科学制定提供重要基础资料,解决地质灾害防治工作中基础数据缺乏和现势性差的矛盾,提高地质灾害处置能力。 相似文献
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Pluvial flash flood (PFF) can cause serious traffic disruption in big cities. We conducted interdisciplinary research by integrating flood modeling and traffic analysis to reveal the spatiotemporal pattern of the interplay between these two processes. A simplified simulation tool, which is capable of building a road network model, assigning trip paths with the effect of road closures, and evaluating travel delay and vehicle volume redistribution in a given PFF scenario, was developed to capture the traffic disruption in the face of PFF events. Modeling outputs from a case study in the city center of Shanghai showed that the delay of vehicles diverted to dry links or trapped in flooded links may reach 0.5 to 8 times the travel time in no‐flood scenarios. Overall, approximately 1–7% of vehicle volumes on flooded links would be redistributed onto dry links (more likely major arterial roads). However, the vehicle volume variation during each time interval demonstrated evident disparity with the spatiotemporal change of flood inundations. Simulating and mapping the congestion can largely facilitate the identification of vulnerable links. Future research will test the method in other intra‐urban areas and try to bridge the gap between modeling outputs and smart city planning and management. 相似文献
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Combining machine-learning topic models and spatiotemporal analysis of social media data for disaster footprint and damage assessment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Current disaster management procedures to cope with human and economic losses and to manage a disaster’s aftermath suffer from a number of shortcomings like high temporal lags or limited temporal and spatial resolution. This paper presents an approach to analyze social media posts to assess the footprint of and the damage caused by natural disasters through combining machine-learning techniques (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) for semantic information extraction with spatial and temporal analysis (local spatial autocorrelation) for hot spot detection. Our results demonstrate that earthquake footprints can be reliably and accurately identified in our use case. More, a number of relevant semantic topics can be automatically identified without a priori knowledge, revealing clearly differing temporal and spatial signatures. Furthermore, we are able to generate a damage map that indicates where significant losses have occurred. The validation of our results using statistical measures, complemented by the official earthquake footprint by US Geological Survey and the results of the HAZUS loss model, shows that our approach produces valid and reliable outputs. Thus, our approach may improve current disaster management procedures through generating a new and unseen information layer in near real time. 相似文献
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为对自然灾害频发的西北地区进行地质灾害易发性研究,本文考虑了高程、坡向等10类因素,利用确定性系数(CF)模型和确定性系数耦合逻辑回归(CF-LR)模型对城固县地质灾害易发性进行评价。结果表明,CF模型和CF-LR模型的灾害比均呈递增状态,高、极高灾害点密度分别为4.75、5.97个/km2,且两种模型的测试集受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.812、0.835,验证集ROC和AUC值分别为0.862、0.891。两种模型均能有效评价区域内地质灾害易发性,且CF-LR模型具有更高的评价精度。 相似文献
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基于RS与GIS的汶川地区地质灾害易发性评价分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对汶川县2008年landsat5和2014年landsat8遥感影像解译提取了地质灾害信息,利用DEM数据对2014年地质灾害的面积在高程、坡度、坡向等致灾因子下进行统计,利用层次分析法和熵权计分别计算主观和客观权重,进行权重拟合得到综合权重,建立起灾害敏感性评价模型对灾害的易发性进行预测。结果表明:震后新增地质灾害面积与2008年预测的高易发区叠加对比进行验证,两者空间分布基本一致,85.71%的新增地质灾害发生在预测高易发区,面积约为344.94 km2,验证结果良好,表明2014年汶川地质灾害易发性评价结果具备较高的可靠性和可行性。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(9):727-749
Disaster management and in particular disaster response phase are highly time-sensitive and dynamic processes, demanding that real-time information reaches disaster responders prior making critical decisions. During the last decade, disaster management has been widely enabled through utilizing spatial data sourcing and related technologies in the whole process of collection, access, and usage of disaster information. Currently, there are unique challenges that cannot be met without incorporating in situ sensing as an emerging technology for sourcing and managing disaster information. These include (1) high temporal and spatial resolution of information, (2) broad range of disaster data, and (3) automated operations. Incorporating in situ sensing into the disaster management process can potentially address such challenges by providing data that support all of these requirements. Following an examination of current concepts and methods for integrating multisourced sensors, a framework of the requirements for integrating in situ sensors for disaster management, is suggested. Based on this framework and its components, an evaluation of the methods is developed and applied. The results highlight that information integration of multisourced sensors is a major challenge and has not yet adequately addressed for sensor data enablement of disaster management. 相似文献
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高分一号遥感影像地质灾害信息提取方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
山区地质灾害发生频繁,受灾范围大,危害严重。提取地质灾害信息、估算受灾情况,对救灾工作极为重要。传统的遥感人工解译方法速度慢、效率低;计算机自动解译速度快但解译精度受影像质量影响大,大范围地区很难建立起普适性的解译模型。本文利用洮南市西部高分一号遥感数据,结合DEM生成三维影像,建立解译标志,解译基础地质信息,分析地质灾害成因;根据研究区泥石流地质灾害的主要影像特征,提取影像的分类属性,基于面向对象的分类方法,建立信息提取模型,快速提取出地质灾害敏感区域;再进行人机交互,精确提取出地质灾害的类型和范围,通过野外验证,该方法十分可靠,为大范围地质灾害信息快速提取和灾后救援提供科学依据。 相似文献
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利用国产遥感卫星进行金沙江高位滑坡灾害灾情应急监测 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
高位地质灾害具有强隐蔽性、强破坏性、难排查性等特征,近年来在我国西南山区频频发生,给山区居民造成了严重的人员伤亡和财产损失。以国产高分二号与北京二号等国产遥感卫星影像为数据源,对"10·11"金沙江高位滑坡开展灾情应急监测,分析了滑坡致灾情况、致灾演变及灾前蠕变特征,对灾后堰塞湖周边隐患灾后开展二次排查,查明了堰塞湖全域存在疑似裂缝隐患2处、滑坡隐患16处及5淹没区受损情况。结果表明国产遥感卫星对国家重特大地质灾害应急监测发挥了重大作用。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(11):918-945
The Chinese Government and citizens face enormous challenges of disaster management as widespread devastation, economic damages, and loss of human lives caused by increasing natural disasters. Disaster management requires a complicated iterative process that includes disaster monitoring, early detection, forecasting, loss assessment, and efficient analysis of disaster reduction. Each task typically involves the use of technologists and multiple geospatial information resources, including sensors, data sources, models, geo-tools, software packages, and computing resources. However, most existing disaster management systems operate in a typical passive data-centric mode, where resources cannot be fully utilized. This impediment is partially being addressed by the increasingly complex application requirements and the growing availability of diverse resources. In this paper, we summarize and analyze the practical problems experienced by the National Disaster Reduction Application System of China. To address the issues of data-centric, centralized, isolated solutions, we propose a novel Focusing Service Mechanism, which is capable of scheduling and allocating for optimum utilization of multiple resources, to dynamically generate collaborative and on-demand disaster information services. We also demonstrate the design and implementation of the Integrated Disaster Information Service System (IDISS). Through the service strategies of Virtualizing, Wrapping, and Integrating, disaster-related resources are constructed into services in the IDISS. These services are dynamically aggregated into focusing service chains, for diverse disaster management tasks. Actual applications illustrate that the proposed service system can significantly improve the capability of disaster management in China. 相似文献
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陈珂;温家洪;俞立中 《东北测绘》2013,(4):4-8
元数据标准是数据库的一个重要组成部分,对自然灾害研究而言,涉及全球范围的历史灾情、时空信息等海量数据,在形成灾害数据库的过程中,离不开元数据标准的设计与构建。本文介绍了元数据与元数据标准的基本概念、特征以及作用等内容,提出了自然灾害元数据标准的设计思路,即以提高自然灾害数据库的建库质量,增强数据的使用效率,促进数据共享为目标,遵循稳定性与科学性、简单性与准确性、互操作性与易转换性、一致性与可扩展性等原则,实现描述评价、查询检索、管理维护、交换共享等功能。在此基础上,完成了自然灾害元数据标准的构建,共包含六大实体,33个元数据元素,36个元数据子元素。对于每一个元数据元素或子元素,均有九个属性对其加以限制和说明。该元数据标准已经应用于长三角地区自然灾害损失数据库的开发,为自然灾害数据管理和数据库建设提供了依据,是实现自然灾害数据共享的重要途径,也可以作为其它学科领域制定元数据标准的参考。 相似文献
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现代社会,面对高危或人类无法到达的区域,如森林火场现场视查、地震灾情查看、城市等狭窄地段的高楼消防救灾、核辐射现场勘察检测等,基于无人机的无线通信系统,由于体积小和机动灵活,通过信息传感采集、视频现场捕捉,能安全、有效地获取现场灾情情况信息。然后数据通过中继传到后台,存入后台数据库。利用采集到的现场信息与ArcGIS Server发布的GIS相关服务,通过ArcGIS API for Flex对数据进行快速分析处理,使采集信息可视化,同时进行突发灾害模拟预测,准确定位事发地点,评价灾害影响范围,查找救援最短路径等。本文设计并实现了基于无人机突发灾害监控与决策系统,同时重点介绍系统的设计、组网的关键技术、视频压缩、基于GIS的数据处理与分析以及系统实现的功能。 相似文献