共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
空间同位模式挖掘旨在发现空间数据库中频繁发生在邻近位置的地理事件。由于空间异质性,地理事件在不同区域邻近出现的频繁程度亦存在差异,进而形成局部同位模式。现有局部同位模式挖掘方法多基于欧氏空间的平面假设,难以客观揭示网络空间（如城市道路）内地理事件间的局部同位规律,因此基于空间扫描统计思想,提出了一种网络约束下的局部同位模式挖掘方法。首先,发展了网络约束下的路径扩展方法,识别可能存在局部网络空间同位模式的候选路径;其次,基于网络约束下的二元泊松分布构建显著性检验的零模型,判别候选路径中局部网络空间同位模式的有效性。通过模拟实验与北京市出租车供需模式分析,发现该方法比现有方法得到的结果更精细、更客观,能够有效地挖掘网络约束下的局部同位模式。 相似文献
2.
网络空间同位模式的加色混合可视化挖掘方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
同位模式挖掘是空间数据挖掘的热点问题之一,应用领域广泛。已有的同位模式挖掘方法一般采用统计或数据挖掘的方式,要求对复杂的数学公式、算法及相关参数等有深刻的理解,主要针对同质的欧式空间中地理现象。而城市空间中人为地理现象大多发生在网络空间,鉴于此,本文提出了一种网络空间同位模式可视化挖掘方法。该方法利用视觉语言表达网络空间现象之间的影响和交互作用。首先,利用网络空间核密度估计表达网络空间现象的分布情况和影响范围,为网络空间现象的同位模式挖掘提供支持,并建立单个地理现象分布情况与颜色之间的映射;然后基于色光加色混合原理获得两个地理现象相互影响的认知,借以挖掘空间同位模式。本文提出的方法属于形象思维,具有直观,形象和易感受等特点。 相似文献
3.
When studying spatial patterns, GIScientists often employ distance‐based methods and techniques, such as network analysis. When studying human behavior, however, spatial patterns often emerge that cannot be adequately examined assuming a physical conceptualization of distance. Such patterns emerged during our study of the process of ghettoization of Jews as implemented in Budapest during the course of 1944. As part of an NSF‐sponsored research project on the geography of the Holocaust, we built a Historical GIS of the Budapest Ghetto with the objective of discovering patterns of Jewish concentration and dispersion as well as simulating potential daily spatial interactions between the Jewish and the non‐Jewish population. Spatial analytical techniques allowed us to discover distinct spatial patterns of isolation, interrelation and concentration, but a whole set of patterns appeared that were the opposite of what we expected, and that could only be explained by thinking of distance not in spatial terms but in social ones. In this article we employ social network analysis to examine the geography of oppression in the Budapest ghetto. What jumped out from our study is the interweaving of space and place – intended as a community bounded by social relations and living in a specific time and location. 相似文献
4.
网络中移动对象的2维时空数据模型 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
提出一种新的2维网络中移动对象的时空数据模型2-Dimensional Spatio-Temporal data model for Mov-ing Objects in Network(2DSTMON)。2DSTMON时空数据模型基于线性参考思想,将3维空间中的轨迹数据转换到2维空间中进行存储和管理,并采用运动矢量的数据更新方式,具有较小的数据量和较低的更新代价。最后,利用ESRI的ArcEngine实现并验证2DSTMON时空数据模型。 相似文献
5.
挖掘分析小微地震的时空演变模式，可为地震灾害的分析与预报提供辅助决策参考。本文以四川地区的地震监测数据为基础，利用时空立方体融合地震点的空间、时间与属性数据，基于时空热点统计分析方法挖掘小微地震的时空冷热点分布模式。试验结果表明：在试验数据的时域内，四川地区小微地震的热点模式主要表现为连续热点、逐渐减少热点和振荡热点。冷点模式主要是连续冷点，且冷点覆盖范围比热点覆盖范围广。基于时空立方体的时空热点分析方法能够发挥时空统计学的优势，可有效挖掘分析小微地震的时空演变趋势。 相似文献
6.
核密度估计(KDE)方法是分析点要素或线要素空间分布模式的一种重要方法,但目前线要素核密度方法只能分析线要素在二维均质平面空间的密度分布,不能正确分析交通拥堵、交叉口排队、出租车载客等线事件在一维非均质道路网络空间中的密度分布。本文提出了一种网络空间中线要素的核密度估计方法(网络线要素KDE方法),首先确定每个线要素在网络空间上的密度分布,然后根据网络空间距离和拓扑关系确定网络空间的线要素核密度与时空分布。以出租车GPS轨迹数据中提取的"上客"线事件为例,分析出租车"上客"线事件在网络空间中的密度分布,通过与现有方法比较的试验结果表明,本文提出的方法更能准确反映路网空间中线事件的分布特征。 相似文献
7.
Knowledge graphs are a key technique for linking and integrating cross-domain data, concepts, tools, and knowledge to enable data-driven analytics. As much of the world's data have become massive in size, visualizing graph entities and their interrelationships intuitively and interactively has become a crucial task for ingesting and better utilizing graph content to support semantic reasoning, discovering hidden knowledge discovering, and better scientific understanding of geophysical and social phenomena. Despite the fact that many such phenomena (e.g., disasters) have clear spatial footprints and geographic properties, their location information is considered only as a textual label in existing graph visualization tools, limiting their capability to reveal the geospatial distribution patterns of the graph nodes. In addition, most graph visualization techniques rely on 2D graph visualization, which constrains the dimensions of information that can be presented and lacks support for graph structure examination from multiple angles. To tackle the above challenges, we developed a novel 3D map-based graph visualization algorithm to enable interactive exploration of graph content and patterns in a spatially explicit manner. The algorithm extends a 3D force directed graph by integrating a web map, an additional geolocational force, and a force balancing variable that allows for the dynamic adjustment of the 3D graph structure and layout. This mechanism helps create a balanced graph view between the semantic forces among the graph nodes and the attractive force from a geolocation to a graph node. Our solution offers a new perspective in visualizing and understanding spatial entities and events in a knowledge graph. 相似文献
8.
将道路网络空间视为嵌在2D空间中的独立子空间,利用形态单一的线性单元剖分图结构的边,实现网络空间的栅格化;提取网格模式的典型特征,包括几何和拓扑特征,以栅格单元邻域为目标计算特征值,构建特征向量描述栅格单元,实现对象空间到特征空间的映射,构建空间向量场;基于支持向量机（support vector machine,SVM）实现网格模式分类;结合格式塔原则完善实验结果。将此方法应用于深圳市路网数据,实验结果表明能有效地识别网格模式。 相似文献
9.
Mohammad Sharif 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2017,54(3):426-452
Analyzing the spatial behaviors of moving-point objects (MPOs) and discovering their movement patterns have been of great interest to the geographic information science community recently. These interests can be explored through analyzing similarities in the MPO trajectories. Because movements of objects take place in various contexts, their trajectories are also highly influenced by such contexts. Therefore, it is essential to fully understand the contexts and to realize how they can be incorporated into movement analysis. This article first proposes a taxonomy for contexts. Then, a modified version of dynamic time warping called context-based dynamic time warping (CDTW) is introduced, to contextually assess the multidimensional weighted similarities of trajectories. Ultimately, the results of similarity searches are utilized in discovering the relative movement patterns of the MPOs. To evaluate the performance and effectiveness of our proposed CDTW method, we run several experiments on real datasets that were obtained from commercial airplanes in a constrained Euclidean space, taking into account contextual information. Specifically, these experiments were conducted to explore the role of contexts and their interactions in similarity measures of trajectories. The results yielded the robustness of CDTW method in quantifying the commonalities of trajectories and discovering movement patterns with 80% accuracy. Moreover, the results revealed the importance of exploiting contextual information because it can enhance and restrict movements. 相似文献
10.
ABSTRACTAllergic rhinitis (hay fever) resulting from seasonal pollen affects 15–30% of the population in the United States, and can exacerbate several related conditions, including asthma, atopic eczema, and allergic conjunctivitis. Timely monitoring, accurate prediction, and visualization of pollen levels are critical for public health prevention purposes, such as limiting outdoor exposure or physical activity. The low density of pollen detecting stations and complex movement of pollen represent a challenge for accurate prediction and modeling. In this paper, we reconstruct the dynamics of pollen variation across the Eastern United States for 2016 using space–time interpolation. Pollen levels were extracted according to a stratified spatial sampling design, augmented by additional samples in densely populated areas. These measurements were then used to estimate the space–time cross-correlation, inferring optimal spatial and temporal ranges to calibrate the space–time interpolation. Given the computational requirements of the interpolation algorithm, we implement a spatiotemporal domain decomposition algorithm, and use parallel computing to reduce the computational burden. We visualize our results in a 3D environment to identify the seasonal dynamics of pollen levels. Our approach is also portable to analyze other large space–time explicit datasets, such as air pollution, ash clouds, and precipitation. 相似文献
11.
本文分析了不同类的三维空间定位网(简称为空间网或三维网)联合处理时,坐标转换摸型定义上的差别,从统计学角度定义了空间网系统性尺度误差,区分和讨论了不同类空间网的不同尺度特性,在提出理论模型的基础上,分析了各类空间网联合处理时的实用转换模型的特性和偏差。最后,提出了多类空间网联合处理时的最佳转换模型。 相似文献
12.
Estimating the motion of atmospheric water vapor using the Global Positioning System 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Water vapor is both an important component in the atmosphere for the transport of energy and a noise source for space geodetic
observations of the Earth's surface, such as from GPS and interferometric SAR (InSAR) measurements. GPS data collected from
ground receivers are sensitive to the total amount of water vapor above the antenna and data from continuously operating GPS
receivers are routinely used to estimate delays caused by atmospheric water vapor. Using these time series of atmospheric
delay, we have estimated the motion of atmospheric water vapor above GPS networks. The motion above each site is determined
by comparing the time series from different sites and estimating relative time offsets in these time series. These are then
used to determine the velocity field of the atmospheric delays as they move across the network. We have compared the results
with similar estimates inferred from geostationary satellite data and found clear correlation on several occasions. Such results
can be useful for improving the understanding of the energy transport in the atmosphere, the spatial interpolation of water
vapor, and for calibrating InSAR observations for delays caused by water vapor.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
13.
Contemporary public buildings are becoming conglomerates of open, semi‐open and closed spaces, with indoor, outdoor and underground sections. For humans and robots to navigate seamlessly through such environments, new flexible approaches need to be developed. Navigation systems generally rely on a network (nodes and edges) as an abstraction of underlying space availability. However, indoor and outdoor networks have different origins. While indoor systems rely on indoor space subdivision approaches, current outdoor systems utilize road‐based network approaches. Linking such networks via particular nodes is possible but restrictive. Many spaces in the built environment are not strictly indoor or outdoor spaces and are thus often omitted from navigation networks, further limiting navigation options. To overcome these shortcomings, we introduce a new space definition framework in which the entire built environment is categorized into indoor, outdoor, semi‐indoor and semi‐outdoor spaces. We provide strict definitions for the four space categories. Our framework allows the same navigation network extraction approaches to be used and therefore enables seamless indoor/outdoor path computation for single or combinations of locomotion modes. The notions of semi‐indoor and semi‐outdoor spaces offer new options for further tailoring of the navigation path with respect to environmental factors, which we demonstrate with two use cases. 相似文献
14.
15.
换乘信息特别是基于地理信息系统技术的图文换乘信息服务,已经成为城市公共交通信息服务、线网规划和线路优化调整的重要指标与内容。但是公共交通线网具有特殊的网络特征和拓扑关系,它不同于城市道路网络,因此公共交通换乘不能简单应用于目前的最优路径算法,例如Dijkstra算法。本文将通过对公共交通线网的空间特征和语义(交通)规则分析,建立城市交通网络的几何和语义连通性的集成关系。几何连通性是语义连通性的基础和先决条件,而语义连通性是公共交通网络拓扑的核心。基于语义连通性的公共交通线网拓扑关系提升公共交通换乘算法的效率和信息准确度,任何两个站点之间的最优路径可以被迅速获取而不需要检索整个网络的几何拓扑信息。并且该最优换乘路径考虑到最少换乘次数、出行距离最短、费用最少、途经站点最少和换乘中最短步行距离等多目标换乘。 相似文献
16.
'Situating' Simulation to Model Human Spatio-Temporal Interactions: An Example Using Crime Events 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Elizabeth R Groff 《Transactions in GIS》2007,11(4):507-530
Many social phenomena have a spatio‐temporal dimension and involve dynamic decisions made by individuals. In the past, researchers have often turned to geographic information systems (GIS) to model these interactions. Although GIS provide a powerful tool for examining the spatial aspects of these interactions, they are unable to model the dynamic, individual‐level interactions across time and space. In an attempt to address these issues, some researchers have begun to use simulation models. But these models rely on artificial landscapes that do not take into account the environment in which humans move and interact. This research presents the methodology for ‘situating’ simulation through the use of a new modeling tool, Agent Analyst, which integrates agent‐based modeling (ABM) and GIS. Three versions of a model of street robbery are presented to illustrate the importance of using ‘real’ data to inform agent activity spaces and movement. The successful implementation of this model demonstrates that: (1) agents can move along existing street networks; (2) land use patterns can be used to realistically distribute agent's homes and activities across a city; and (3) the incidence and pattern of street robberies is significantly different when ‘real’ data are used. 相似文献
17.
AnthonyGar-onYeh LIXia 《地球空间信息科学学报》2004,7(1):6-13
This paper presents a new type of cellular automata (CA) model for the simulation of alternative land development using neural networks for urban planning. CA models can be regarded as a planning tool because they can generate alternative urban growth. Alternative development patterns can be formed by using different sets of parameter values in CA simulation. A critical issue is how to define parameter values for realistic and idealized simulation. This paper demonstrates that neural networks can simplify CA models but generate more plausible results. The simulation is based on a simple three-layer network with an output neuron to generate conversion probability. No transition rules are required for the simulation. Parameter values are automatically obtained from the training of network by using satellite remote sensing data. Original training data can be assessed and modified according to planning objectives. Alternative urban patterns can be easily formulated by using the modified training data sets rather than changing the model. 相似文献
18.
While drainage network models may be relatively easy to assemble as a prerequisite to site selection for infrastructure supporting suburbanisation with Water-Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD), this is unlikely to be the case if the terrain is very subdued. Both ab initio and retro-fit WSUD implementation for such terrain refers, in the first instance, to a drainage network model that includes information on the scope for optimising residential space while conforming to: (1) statutory planning rules about the provision of public open space; and (2) WSUD drainage network design such that runoff waters are retained long enough to allow at least temporary storage. It is shown in this research that a technique applied to condition a LiDAR DEM can accurately model the drainage network of a basin at the land-parcel scale. The drainage network for ab initio WSUD is best defined using multi-flow modelling, with the relative significance of stream segments indicated by their stream order derived using the Strahler method. In contrast, when applying the retro-fit WSUD, the relative significance of segments given by the Shreve stream order method was found to be more useful. The approaches described in this article are designed to support the initial site planning stage and avoid the need for immediate and expensive detailed field survey. At the same time they can be deployed to show how much scope there is for WSUD retro-fit in established housing areas up-stream of an infill development area. Thus, basin-wide appraisal is facilitated and the need for earthmoving is minimised. 相似文献
19.
从网络分析法的角度对武汉市水系网络、道路网络、绿地网络及其复合网络构成的景观生态网络格局进行分析。根据总体景观生态网络格局特征、分区统计景观生态网络格局特征、分等级统计景观生态网络格局特征分析结果显示,道路网络和绿地网络的α指数、β指数、γ指数都明显好于水系网络,相比较而言,三网复合网络都有比独立网络更好的连接度,分区统计结果显示,主城区复合网络的三项指标均处于最高,网络连通度最好,分等级统计结果显示,等级道路网络的α指数、β指数、γ指数均高于全部道路网络,等级水系和等级绿地网络的α指数、β指数、γ指数均低于全部水系和全部绿地网络。 相似文献
20.
利用全球定位系统(GPS)所建立的空间基线向量网,对于改善已有地面网,分析网的系统误差和进行地球动力学的监测等具有广泛的意义。本文着重讨论了上述空间基线向量网和地面控制网的三维联合平差和二维联合平差的方法和模型。指出,为了避免地面网高程误差以及引入地面网尺度因子的模型误差对三维联合平差结果的影响,在二维大地坐标系统中进行上述两网联合平差的方法具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献