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全球有效波高和风速的时空变化及相关关系研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The climatology of significant wave height（SWH） and sea surface wind speed are matters of concern in the fields of both meteorology and oceanography because they are very important parameters for planning offshore structures and ship routings. The TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter, which collected data for about 13 years from September 1992 to October 2005, has measured SWHs and surface wind speeds over most of the world＇s oceans. In this paper, a study of the global spatiotemporal distributions and variations of SWH and sea surface wind speed was conducted using the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data set. The range and characteristics of the variations were analyzed quantitatively for the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans. Areas of rough waves and strong sea surface winds were localized precisely, and the correlation between SWH and sea surface wind speed analyzed. 相似文献
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The Hawaiian Lee Countercurrent (HLCC) is an eastward surface current flowing against the broad westward flow of the North Pacific subtropical circulation. Analyses of satellite altimeter data over 16 years revealed that the HLCC is characterized by strong interannual variations. The strength and meridional location of the HLCC axis varied significantly year by year. The eastward velocity of the HLCC was higher when the location of the axis was stable. Mechanisms for the interannual variations were explored by analyses of the altimeter data and results from a simple baroclinic model. The interannual variations in the strength of the HLCC did not correlate with those of the wind stress curl (WSC) dipole formed on the leeward side of the Hawaii Islands, although the WSC dipole has been recognized as the generation mechanism of the HLCC. Meridional gradients of the sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) across the HLCC generated by baroclinic Rossby waves propagating westward from the east of the Hawaii Islands were suggested as a possible mechanism for the interannual variations in the HLCC. The spatial patterns in the observed SSHAs were reproduced by a linear baroclinic Rossby wave model forced by wind fields from a numerical weather prediction model. Further analysis of the wind data suggested that positive and negative anomalies of WSC associated with changes in the trade winds in the area east of the Hawaii Islands are a major forcing for generating SSHAs that lead to the HLCC variations with a time lag of about 1 year. 相似文献
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A three-dimensional model study on ocean dynamic response to traveling cyclone over the Huanghai Sea
On the basis of numerical simulation of the mean circulation and relevant thermal-salinity fields in June with a three-dimensional ocean model (ECOM-si), the model outputs are used as first guess of initial fields for numerical integration of the model equations and the numerical results are applied to investigating the dynamical responses of the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea (HECS) in the course of a weak land-to-sea cyclone‘s passage over the Huanghai Sea on 15-16 June 1999. Predominance of the dynamic impact of cyclone over the thermal one in June in the HECS is justified using observations and model simulations.The cyclone and its surrounding weather system, i.e,, subtropical high ridge to its south could influence current and thermal fields in the Bohai Sea, the Huanghai Sea and the northern East China Sea even though the intensity of cyclone was rather weak. The response of oceanic currents to the wind stresses driven by the cyclone and its southern subtropical high were strongly characterized by the wind drift with its extent of equivalent scale of cyclone in the horizontal and of Ekman layer in the vertical. The sea response at a given site was closely related to the transient local wind speed and direction,especially was sensitive to the local wind direction,which is demonstrated at three points locating at the southern and western Huanghai Sea and the northern East China Sea. So the sea responses at locations differed considerably from one another. Current responded to the wind stress in a simple way:directly to the wind-driven current and subsequent gradient current and slope current, etc., whereas sea temperature responded to the wind stress in two ways: directly to the cyclone-induced cooling and indirectly to water movements both in the horizontal and the vertical by the cyclone‘ s wind stress. So the sea temperature variation under the influence of cyclone was more complicate than the current. The HECS in response to the cyclone and its ambient weather system was likely to be a fast process and such a response could last at least for more than 1d. Current increased with the duration of wind stress exerted on the surface and decreased with the increasing depth. Affected by the cyclone, the maximum sea surface temperature decreased by almost 1.6℃ during the 24h cyclone. 相似文献
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用插入观测法将高度计观测同化到海浪模式WAM中 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文讨论了海浪数值预报的特殊性,分析了卫星高度计观测的特征,指出了如何用插入观测法同化卫星高度计观测的有效浪高和海面风场,介绍了Ｔｈｏｍａｓ,Ｊａｎｓｓｅｎ等人和Ｌｉｏｎｅｌｌｏ等人的同化研究,并在结尾作了讨论和总结。 相似文献
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State‐of‐the‐art technology is presently being used for the acquisition of water level and meteorological data in the Intra‐Americas Sea to support the Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) network of sea‐level monitoring stations. GLOSS stations provide data for the investigation of regional relative sea level change in areas of complex tectonic motion, national geodetic vertical datums, near real‐time data for input to climatic diagnostic numerical models, calibration of satellite altimeter and scatterometer data, and the evaluation of the feasibility of producing synoptic mean sea level charts for the prediction of climatic trends, long‐range weather forecasts, and ocean processes. 相似文献
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渤海、黄海沿岸主要港湾大振幅假潮成因的天气学分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对渤海、黄海主要港湾发生的振幅大于50cm(龙口港湾取振幅大于80cm)的65次假潮过程与地面天气图进行对比分析,着重分析了伴随大振幅假潮过程的天气形势.分析结果表明:(1)龙口港湾22次大振幅假潮中有19次与雷暴天气(其中有3次伴随有飑线,1次还伴有龙卷)有关,2次与大风天气有关,1次由外海雷暴引起;因此得出雷暴、飑线是引起大振幅假潮的主要原因;雷暴强弱和持续时间长短变化,导致假潮振幅大小及持续时间长短变化;雷暴的季节变化引起大振幅假潮的季节变化;雷暴发生的局地性导致假潮出现的局地性;雷暴传播方向的不同引起大振幅假潮的周期不同.(2)北方气旋型和江淮气旋及西南倒槽型这两种天气类型有利于产生雷暴,并导致大振幅假潮的发生.这两类型分别占62个例的468%和177%. 相似文献
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海面粗糙度对于海洋工程和海洋军事都非常重要,但对海面粗糙度的现场观测资料非常少, 这大大制约了对海面粗糙度的认识。利用 TOPEX 高度计风速资料实现了对海面粗糙度的反演,并利用 1993 年和1998 年两年的资料对西北太平洋海域的海面粗糙度进行了研究。 相似文献
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Coupled modeling of currents and wind waves in the Kerch Strait 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We present a numerical model of the dynamics of the Kerch Strait allowing one to perform the coordinated analysis of the fields
of currents and wind waves. The model includes the spectral wave module and the hydrodynamic block of currents. The influence
of waves on the currents is taken into account in the hydrodynamic block both via the surface and bottom tangential stresses
and via the radiation stresses. In order to take into account the inverse influence of currents upon the waves, we use the
fields of currents and sea level from the hydrodynamic block in the wave module. The specific features of the structure of
currents and wind waves in the strait are studied for the typical wave situations. The results of the coupled and separate
simulation are compared and the importance of taking into account the mechanisms of interaction between waves and currents
in the analysis of the dynamic processes in the strait is demonstrated.
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Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 5, pp. 3–20, September–October, 2007. 相似文献
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Theo Engelis 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1):45-69
Abstract A set of time‐averaged sea surface heights at 1° intervals, derived from the adjusted SEASAT altimeter data, and the GEML2 gravity field are used to estimate the long‐wavelength stationary sea surface topography. In order to reduce the leakage of energy in the estimated sea surface topography, the GEML2 field is augmented by the Rapp81 gravity field to generate geoidal undulations with wavelengths consistent with the ones of sea surface heights. These undulations are subtracted from the sea surface heights, and the resulting differences are subjected to filtering in order to recover sea surface topography with minimum wavelengths of 6000 km and an estimated accuracy of 20–25 cm. These estimates agree well with oceanographic and other satellite‐derived results. The direction of current flow can be computed on a global basis using the spherical harmonic expansion of sea surface topography. This is done not only for the SEASAT/GEML2 estimates, but also using the recent dynamic topography estimates of Levitus. The results of the two solutions are very similar and agree well with the major circulation features of the oceans. 相似文献
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台风浪模拟预报中的风场比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在对模拟台风浪时海浪模式常用的经验模型风场和多重嵌套中尺度气象数值模式风场的结构和时间演变特征进行对比分析的基础上,分别采用这两种风场资料,应用最新版本的第三代海浪模式SWAN对Winnie(1997)引起的台风浪进行了模拟,将模拟的有效波高与TOPEX/POSEIDON和ERS-2卫星高度计资料作了详细的对比分析。结果表明,经验模型风场对实际台风风场的刻画存在诸多缺陷,这些缺陷对于台风浪的准确模拟产生了不可忽视的影响,采用模式风场试验的模拟效果优于采用模型风场的试验。论文提出了在运用海浪模式模拟台风浪时用数值模式模拟风场替代经验模型风场的必要性。 相似文献
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以墨西哥湾同步高度计、浮标资料为例,研究了海浪成长状态对高度计风速反演的影响。同步的高度计风速和浮标风速比较显示,在墨西哥湾地区,海浪成长状态对高度计风速反演有较大影响。在考虑海浪成长状态影响的条件下,利用谱模型反演高度计风速,取得了较好的效果。与目前TOPEX/Poseidon高度计风速反演业务化算法相比,在海浪未充分成长条件下,考虑海浪成长状态影响后,根据谱模型反演获得的风速与浮标风速之间的均方根误差减小了30%,平均误差减小了83%。在利用谱模型算法反演高度计风速时,谱模型中的波龄因子(表示海浪成长状态)可以根据高度计测得的有效波高和风速获得,因此该方法具有广泛的适用性。 相似文献
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AbstractSea ice type is one of the most sensitive variables in Arctic sea ice monitoring, and it is important for the retrieval of ice thickness. In this study, we analyzed various waveform features that characterize the echo waveform shape and Sigma0 (i.e., backscatter coefficient) of CryoSat-2 synthetic aperture radar altimeter data over different sea ice types. Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute operational ice charts were input as reference. An object-based random forest (ORF) classification method is proposed with overall classification accuracy of 90.1%. Accuracy of 92.7% was achieved for first-year ice (FYI), which is the domain ice type in the Arctic. Accuracy of 76.7% was achieved at the border of FYI and multiyear ice (MYI), which is better than current state-of-the-art methods. Accuracy of 83.8% was achieved for MYI. Results showed the overall accuracy of the ORF method was increased by ～8% in comparison with other methods, and the classification accuracy at the border of FYI and MYI was increased by ～10.5%. Nevertheless, ORF classification performance might be influenced by the selected waveform features, snow loading, and the ability to distinguish sea ice from leads. 相似文献
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Beng-Chun Lee Li-Chung Wu Dong-Jiing Doong Chia Chuen Kao 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2007,28(3):183-190
We here investigate the frequency and intensity of oscillations in oceanographic data within intraseasonal time scales using
spectral analysis of surface wind and wave time-series data collected at off-island weather stations or moored buoys around
Taiwan. Data from marine weather stations were used to trace atmospheric conditions, while we used buoy data to examine sea
states. The spectra and wavelet scalogram of the wind fields revealed oscillations with a period of around 20–33 days, and
the energy density of the wind field at the off-island stations was stronger than that at the data buoy stations. However,
the wavelet scalogram of the wave height measured at the buoy stations was stronger than its associated wind field. This long-period
oscillation is consistent with the wavelet scalogram of the wind field calculated from the off-island weather stations. About
20–33 day oscillations exist within intraseasonal variations, which are closely linked to the atmospheric environment and
to wind and ocean wave fields. Oscillations with a period of 5–10 days are a pronounced feature over northeastern Taiwan waters
during the winter season and can be interpreted as the wave pattern following synoptic weather systems. 相似文献