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1.
China′ s urban reforms have brought social progress and development, but a comprehensive national system of social welfare (for example, unemployment insurance, pensions, medical care and public housing) for new migrants from rural areas is lacking. One of the most remarkable changes in Chinese cities in the last decade was a change in social " equality", with the rise of new poverty both in individual communities and some social groups in urban society. However, there is little social assistance and public infrastructure for the migrants. Governments or communities or individual should pay attention to the control of new urban poverty and new slums. This paper consider that it is necessary to launch a successful policy, which include mainly: 1) accommodating urban growth through low-cost investment projects; 2) urban economy depends heavily on successful macroeconomic policy; 3) to broaden the three channels linking adjustment to the incidence of urban poverty; 4) to restructure urban economic based on the high or new technology; 5) to coordinate relationship between urban economic growth and environment management for sustainable development of Beijing′ s metropolitan fringe. 相似文献
2.
WANGXing-zhong SUNFeng-hua GUOLiu-jian HEXiao-dong 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(1):7-15
The quality dimension of the urban living space was addressed much earlier abroad; nevertheless, it has not been studied in the Chinese academia up to date, as evidenced by the limited research literature. Through recourse to Rich BOYER‘s nine-factor theory, this study attempted to evaluate and rank 31 target cities, by using the data from the China Statistical Yearbook 2002. Our research results show that the quality of a city‘s living space is in positive correlation with its size, and that there will be changing demands for the quality of the urban living space as a result of future social, economic, sci-tech, cultural and educational developments, combined with the improvement of the overall quality of urban residents. Previous research was focused on the quality of food, housing, education, transportation and entertainment. However, with the development of the knowledge-economy, such factors as information accessibility, green environment, and air quality, will be major considerations in the quality evaluation of the urban living space. 相似文献
3.
WANGHong GUChao－lin 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2002,12(2):152-156
Chinaˊs urban reforms have brought social progress and development,but a comprehensive national system of social welfare(for example,unemployment insurance,pensions,medical care and public housing)for new migrants from rural areas is lacking.One of the most remarkable changes in Chinese cities in the last decade was a change in so-cial“equality“,with the rise of new poverty both in individual communities and some social groups in urban society.Howev-er,there is little social assistance and public infrastructure for the migrants.Governments or communities or individual should pay attention to the control of new urban poverty and new slums.This paper consider that it is necessary to launch a successful policy,which include mainly:1)accommodating urban growth through low-cost investment projects;2)ur-ban economy depends heavily on successful macroeconomic policy;3)to broaden the three channels linking adjustment to the incidence of urban poverty;4)to restructure urban economic based on the high or new technology;5)to coordi-nate relationship between urban economic growth and environment management for sustainable development of Beijingˊs metropolitan fringe. 相似文献
4.
This article presents the findings of a study of the spheres of urban influence with regard to all cities in China（not including Hong Kong,Macau and Taiwan Province of China）in the years 1990,2000 and 2009.An optimized gravity model with comprehensive time distance was used to carry out a detailed analysis of the spatial patterns of Chinese spheres of urban influence and the spatial characteristics of urban agglomerations.Such urban agglomerations are characterized by high density population and a developed economy,which are also considered as the national competition unit.This paper initially identifies four spatial patterns of urban agglomerations based on the spatial layout of city groups during their evolution.Some basic characteristics of urban agglomerations are outlined,including the number of cities,the size of cities and the functions of urban centers.These characteristics are examined by using statistical methods and Geographic Information System（GIS）.The main findings from this research are that the development stages and structures of urban agglomerations in China vary significantly.It is also clear that the stages and evolution of spatial patterns are strongly affected and dominated by both policy and location factors. 相似文献
5.
李若建 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1993,3(4):326-333
Since 1949, great changes have taken place in the amount and distribution of China's urban population. From the analysis on the change in total urban population, it can be learnt that urbanization progress can be controlled mainly by social-economic development and government policy through influencing the migratory growth of urban population and the number of organic cities. In the period 1949-1990, the states of megalopolises had gone up; medium-sized cities had decreased. It is estimated that the total urban population of China will still increase at a rapid speed in the coming 10 years; there will not be great changes in grade system of urban scale; and urban population may shows a tendency to move to coastal area. 相似文献
6.
With rapid development of urbanization and regional interaction and interdependence, regional urban agglomeration planning
becomes more and more important in China, in order to promote integrated development of various cities with close interrelationship.
However, it is still arguable academically on how to define the boundary or which cities to be included for the urban agglomeration
of a region. This paper aims to shed lights on how to identify urban spheres of influence scientifically by introducing field
modeling method and by practicing a case study on 168 cities in Central China. In our field modeling method, the influence
intensities of cities were measured by a comprehensive index and urban spheres of influence were represented spatially by
field intensity. Then, their classification and spatial distribution characteristics of study area in 2007 were identified
and explored by using GIS and statistical methods. The result showed that: 1) Wuhan is the absolute dominant city in Central
China; 2) the provincial capital cities dominate their own provinces and there are no other lower grade agglomeration centers;
and 3) the basic types of organization form of urban sphere of influence are single-polar type, agglomeration type, close-related
group type and loose-related group type. 相似文献
7.
良好的健康和人类福祉是联合国提出的可持续发展目标之一,提高人口预期寿命是迈向此目标的重要一步。由于中国城市在自然环境和社会发展方面有所差异,因此理解不同城市居民的预期寿命主要受何种因素的影响是制定城市公共卫生策略的关键。本研究基于2015年中国286个城市的有效数据,利用探索性回归、普通最小二乘回归、地理加权回归筛选与预期寿命最相关的影响因素并探索其空间差异,再通过二阶聚类将城市分类,以针对性地提出每类城市政策建议。结果显示：① 经济发展,教育条件和医疗设施条件对预期寿命有显著的积极影响,平均海拔和环境污染则具有负面影响;② 东南地区的经济发展对当地居民的预期寿命影响程度更大;东北和西南地区的医疗设施条件对其居民预期寿命促进程度更高;北部地区的教育条件对当地居民预期寿命影响比其他地区更高;平均海拔对西部地区居民预期寿命的影响最大;西北地区居民的预期寿命则更易受到环境污染带来的负面影响;③ 根据空间差异将城市分为3类,其居民预期寿命关键影响因素依次是经济发展和环境污染、教育条件、医疗设施,每类城市的城市管理者应重点关注不同因素来提升居民的预期寿命。 相似文献
8.
CHENJie 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2004,14(3):227-238
Rapid urbanization and growing size of cities will have an increasing impact on the global environment in the 21st century. As an engine of urban development to drive economic growth and technological innovations, industry has moved its focus from controlling environmental hazards to stimulating sustainable industrial development throughout the entire product lifecycle. These process- and technology-driven innovations for industrial production are prerequisites for enhancement of urban environment and sustainable development of cities. In this review, problems of environment and resources scarcity associated with rapid urbanization are demonstrated. And, on the basis of expatiations on the concepts and policies of the cleaner production (CP) and other similar initiatives with the goal of preventing pollution at the source and of managing the raw material more efficiently, two different ways to link the practice of cleaner production in industrial sector with performance of urban environment are discussed in detail. Then, the introduction, practice and legislation of CP strategies in China are outlined, and possibility for China to develop CPC (Cleaner Practices for Cities) approaches in the demonstration cities is discussed. Finally, some suggestions on implementation of CPC strategies are put forward. 相似文献
9.
对建筑物进行建模与分析是智慧城市建设的重要任务之一。将城市中数量庞大的建筑物按功能分类,辅助认知城市内部空间结构,对政府部门开展人口估计,土地管理,城市规划等工作具有重要意义。本文以蕴含丰富语义信息的兴趣点（POI, Point of Interest ）作为主要信息源,针对POI分布稀疏导致大量建筑物无法识别出功能的问题,改进了传统的城市功能区定量识别方法。该方法为建筑物内部及周边一定区域范围内的POI赋予反距离权重,通过计算不同类型POI的加权频数密度比例来识别建筑物功能类型。文中以北京市西四环中路附近5000多栋建筑物为例进行实验验证,实现了将目标区域内的建筑物按功能类型划分为居住、商业、公服和3种混合类型,识别率达93.04%,与人工判别的结果对比得出总体分类精度达91.18%。该方法采用易于获取的互联网POI数据,可以实现大范围建筑物功能类型的快速自动化识别,丰富了城市建筑模型语义属性,扩展了POI数据的应用范围。 相似文献
10.
Ｕｒｂａｎｓｏｃｉａｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙａｎｄｉｔｓｓｕｂｆｉｅｌｄ—ｕｒｂａｎｓｏｃｉａｌｓｐａｔｉａｌｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｔｉｏｎｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅ１９６０ｓ．Ｔｉｌｌｎｏｗ,ｂｙｉｔｓｂａｓｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄｔｈｅｏｒｙ,ｉｔｃａｎｂｅｄｉｖｉｄｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｈｒｅｅｓｔａｇｅｓａｎｄｆｏｕｒｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｓｃｈｏｏｌｓ：１）ｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｓｔａｇｅ;２）ｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｓｔｕｄｙｓｔａｇｅ;３）ｒａｄｉｃａｌＭａｒ… 相似文献
11.
CHAI Yanwei SHEN Jie LONG Tao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2007,17(1):1-9
The role of retailing has diminished in the center of cities of Western countries since its heyday in the 1920s. This trend was caused by violent transformations in the economic, social and locational contexts which involve resi- dential suburbanization, as well as new forms of commercial development out of town. As far as transforming China is concerned, the downtown retailing center has also come to turning point of development in the context of suburbaniza- tion. Based on the survey of Beijing residents’ shopping behavior, the present research tends to making clear the actual change and development problem of downtown retailing center. Combining with the macro retailing environment, re- lated influencing factors are further discussed too. Study results show that downtown retailing still plays an important part in resident’s shopping activity. However, with rapid urban sprawl, retailing in urban center has been greatly threatened by booming out-of-town commerce. In the course of such spatial change, the suburbanization of resident, the prevalence of new commercial forms and the change of consumers’ life style all have exerted their own pressure on downtown retailing. But for the special socioeconomic background of development and the support of government policy, it will still keep its vitality of retailing for a long period of time. 相似文献
12.
城市影响腹地范围的划分,在区域与城市规划中有着重要的理论和实际意义。本文从"城市结节性"和"空间交通可达性"两方面改进场强模型,采用主成分分析法与指标体系计算河南省城市结节性指数,利用累积耗费距离测算空间可达性,借助k阶数据场模型与水文分析模型,综合测度了1991年和2010年河南省17个地级城市的影响腹地范围及空间演变特征。研究表明,20年间河南省地级城市的平均可达本文时间从1991年的45.41 min缩短为2010年的33.03 min,空间场能显著增长且空间分异性显著。南阳的腹地面积增加最大,信阳的腹地面积缩小最大;安阳腹地面积增加率和漯河腹地面积减少率最大。郑州的腹地范围与其行政辖区偏移度最大。 相似文献
13.
城市潜能作为城市体系空间相互作用的代表性指标,反映了城市与其所在的城市体系内所有城市间相互作用的强度,即城市所具备的的集聚能力。合理分析城市空间布局及结构、探寻城市发展的空间差异,以及制定区域发展政策日益迫切,研究城市空间相互作用具有重要意义。本文以Globcover数据集提取中国大陆范围内26 619个城市斑块,获取了城市潜能计算时所需的城市斑块规模总量;同时,以DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像为数据,提取能综合反映人类社会经济活动的城市斑块夜间灯光总强度,参与城市潜能的计算。利用潜能模型,依据城市斑块分层结果,以城市斑块规模和时间成本为参数,计算得到公里格网的城市潜能值模拟分布图,并分析了中国大陆城市潜能的空间分异特征。 相似文献
14.
董黎明，李向明，冯长春ＡＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＲＥＧＩＯＮＡＬＤＩＦＦＥＲＥＮＣＥＯＦＣＨＩＮＡ＇ＳＰＡＩＤＵＲＢＡＮＬＡＮＤＵＳＥＳＹＳＴＥＭＡＮＤＧＲＡＤＩＮＧ￥ＤｏｎｇＬｉｍｉｎｇ；ＬｉＸｉａｎｇｍｉｎｇ；ＦｅｎｇＣｈａｎｇｃｈｕｎ（ＰｅｋｉｎｇＵｎｉ... 相似文献
15.
Smart urban development is an inevitable choice, and is essential to overall strength improvement. It is important to explore an urban smart development path which unites smart growth with driving shrinkage perfectly in forming scientific and sustainable development concept and responding to new normal strategic opportunities. Based on statistic data of 294 prefecture-level cities and above in China from 2000 to 2015, we analyzed spatial and temporal evolution of urban smart development in China by constructing a dynamic fitting model of urban land expansion, population growth, and economic development as well as the coefficient of variation of urban smart development(CVSD). Further efforts were then made to consider differential distribution regularity of urban smart development so as to understand the driving mechanisms of heterogeneous classification of urban smart development in China from different scales and scale variation. Our results indicate that: 1) the disordered growth tendency of urban cities in China is overall well controlled in the middle, and late research and it mainly presented a doublet coexistence of shrinkage disordered cities and smart developing cities. It is particularly obvious that Northeast China and East China have regarded shrinkage disordered cities and smart developing cities as main development tendency separately. 2) Areas with basic stability and relative variation were relatively dispersed across the time period, but the proportion was far beyond areas with significant variation. It demonstrates a relative equilibrium spatial and temporal differential evolution pattern of prefecture-level cities and above in China, except for Tongling, Lanzhou and Chaoyang. 3) prefecture-level cities and above in China are mostly characterized by shrinkage disordered and smart development classification under the background of different scale and scale variation from 2000–2015; however, the spatial resonance relation is not obvious. 4) There are many interaction factors forming an important driving mechanism in developing the spatial and temporal pattern of urban smart development in China, including natural geographical factors, industrial structure adjustment, human capital radiation, regional traffic accessibility, and government decision-making intervention. 相似文献
16.
ZHANG Jing-xiang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2000,10(2):119-124
Theappearanceofmodemurbancommunityisanoutcomeofindustrializationandsocialdevelopment.ThecityitseIfindicatestheconcentrationofpopulation,toolofproduction,capital,enjoymentanddemand.Asaspecialintensive1ivingspace,citymay,inthecourseofmodernization,gatherandagglomeratevariousre-sourcestoitsown,andreflectandspreaditsfunctionstoperipheralareasaswell,whichistheprocessofur-banization.Nomatterasatermoraphenomenon,sinceitwasfirstused'intheworks"FundamentalTheoryofU,ba.i.ati.."bytheSpanishengineerA.S… 相似文献
17.
At present, paid urban landuse system is one of the most important economic reform in China. In the other words, landuse right
can be transferred and land users must pay the rent to the state according to the quality of land. It is necessary to apply
the theory of rent and location to the economic approaisal of urban land.
China is vast in territory. Is’s geographical condition and economic development vary from place to place, so does the urban
land value. In order to reveal the difference of land value between different cities, the following method is used. (1) Analysing
the factors and elements that affect the quality of urban land. Six factors including 17 elements were selected in this paper:
macrolocation of a city, benefit of urban aggregation, infrastructure investment, output value of urban land, potential of
urban land, and investment intensity. (2) Deciding the weight andvalue of each factor. (3) Appraising each element separately.
(4) Accounting the value of all factors and getting the total appraisal score of each city. (5) Grouping the 430 Chinese cities
into sevencategories according to the appraisal values.
The result shows that all the cities in the category with the highest land output values are in the coast belt, whereas most
cities in the inland and outlying areas are belong to the category with low rank. For example, 87% of the cities in the outlying
regions are belong to the lowest rank. Although there are some relationship between the size of cities and urban land rank,
generally speaking, the larger the city, the higher the urban land rank. In fact, the locational condition is the most important
factor which influences the rank of urban land. 相似文献
18.
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19.
１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭａｎｙｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｓｃｈｏｌａｒｓｓｕｃｈａｓＣｈａｎｇＳｅｎｄｏｕ（１９６３）,ＣｈｅｎｇＴｉｅｊｕｎｅｔａｌ．（１９９４）,ａｎｄＳｋｉｎｎｅｒＧ．Ｗ．ｅｔａｌ（１９７７）ｐｕｔｔｈｅｉｒｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｔｅｒｅ... 相似文献
20.
Urban hierarchy of innovation capability and inter-city linkages of knowledge in post-reform China 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
The 2000s has witnessed increasing interests in cities′role of innovation in the era of knowledge-based economy.Compared with substantial empirical analysis on the world city hierarchy of innovation,this paper attempts to examine the national urban hierarchy of innovation capability in China,in terms of ranking systems,spatial pattern and inter-city linkages of knowledge during the post-reform period since the late 1970s.Based on quantitative analysis such as principal component factor analysis and clustering analysis,this paper identifies the five-tier hierarchy of in-novation,which is headed by Beijing and Shanghai,followed by the capital cities of each province and regional centre cities.The development of China′s urban hierarchy of innovation capability has been driven by such factors as the scale of innovation,scientific scale,innovation potential and innovation environment.The paper further investigates the inter-city linkages of knowledge measured by the number of co-authored papers among the cities.Beijing is positioned in the central position of the knowledge diffusion and knowledge cooperation innovation.More knowledge diffusion among high level cities has occurred than that among the low level cities as well as between the low level cities and high level cities,and provincial capital cities and the regional central cities. 相似文献