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2004年对南水北调引水隧洞西线一期工程中玛柯河－贾曲段20 km深埋长隧洞进行了地质结构面、岩性特征、赋水性等地球物理勘探、工程地质勘查,并进行综合解释以查清勘探区影响引水隧洞工程建设的不良地质体和不良地质构造.本文介绍了CSAMT法隧洞勘探的特点、资料采集的过程及应特别注意的复杂地形资料处理技术,结合其他补充物探手段及地面工程地质勘察结果对20 km深埋长隧洞围岩介质的结构特征进行了解释,指出了可能影响工程的断层、破碎带及异常区 相似文献
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地下结构对地震波的散射改变了场地的动力特性,无论是地上建筑还是地下结构的安全评价和抗震设计中,目前均没有很好的考虑由于地下结构的存在对原场地地震动尤其是地下地震动的影响。基于弹性波动理论,运用波函数展开法和镜像原理,分析了弹性半空间中圆形隧洞对柱面SH波的散射问题,得到了含圆形隧洞的弹性半空间位移解析解。通过数值算例分析了圆形隧洞对原场地地震动的影响,重点考察了隧洞埋深、隧洞半径和围岩衬砌模量比等参数的影响规律。结果表明,地下结构对沿线场地的动力特性有着显著的影响,对其自身以及沿线工程结构的抗震设计提供一定参考价值。 相似文献
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为了得到增湿后黄土围岩隧洞在地震作用下的动力特性, 基于初始弹性模量和抗剪强度指标与含水量的关系, 采用时程分析法, 对增湿情况下的黄土围岩-隧洞结构进行地震动力分析. 数值计算结果表明: 随着含水量的增加, 隧洞衬砌各部位主应力绝对值减小, 自振圆频率减小, 自振周期相应增大; 与输入的地震加速度峰值相比, 当黄土隧洞围岩含水量小于临界含水量时, 隧洞顶部加速度峰值大于输入地震加速度峰值, 大于临界含水量时则出现相反的结果; 同一含水量下, 隧洞衬砌对称部位最大、 最小主应力交替出现, 使隧洞衬砌材料发生疲劳损伤, 是隧洞衬砌破坏的主要原因. 本文研究结果可以为在不同含水量情况下黄土围岩-隧洞结构的抗震分析提供参考. 相似文献
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借助辅助函数的思想， 采用波函数展开法给出了圆弧形凸起地形中隧洞对入射平面SH波影响问题的一个解析解．数值结果表明，凸起地形中隧洞的存在以及隧洞大小，对凸起地形表面运动，以及凸起地形中的隧洞的动应力集中均具有显著影响． 相似文献
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基于梁柱稳定理论的深埋隧洞岩爆破坏及孕育机理研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
深埋隧洞中岩爆轴向位置的确定以及破坏机理的研究是岩爆灾害预测和防治的理论基础。根据深埋长大隧洞围岩的结构、受力以及变形特点,建立了梁柱力学模型。在弹性范围内,运用力法,求解了该一次超静定梁柱的挠曲线方程和转角方程,得出了临界力的解析表达式。以锦屏II级水电站的松动圈实测数据为依据,给出了梁柱模型截面尺寸的确定方法,计算了围岩各部位存在稳定性问题的临界长度值以及达到临界稳定状态的特征长度值。最后,给出了深埋隧洞坑状岩爆的演化模型,分析了掌子面推进过程中,开挖卸荷、动力扰动等对于裂纹的萌生和扩展、围岩结构的形态和稳定性以及岩爆破坏模式的影响。 相似文献
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One of the key issues associated with the hypothesis of catastrophic subglacial drainage of the Livingstone Lake event is whether flows of such large magnitudes are physically feasible. To explore this issue, a one‐dimensional hydraulic network flow model was developed to investigate the range of peak discharges and associated flow parameters that may have been carried by a tunnel channel network in south‐east Alberta, Canada. This tunnel channel network has been interpreted elsewhere to carry large discharges associated with subglacial meltwater flows because of the convex longitudinal profiles of individual channels. This computational modelling effort draws upon established and verified engineering principles and methods in its application to the hydraulics of this problem. Consequently, it represents a unique and independent approach to investigating the subglacial meltwater hypothesis. Based on the modelling results, it was determined that energy losses resulting from friction limit the maximum peak discharge that can be transported through the tunnel channel network to 107 m3 s−1, which is in reasonable agreement with previous estimates of flood discharges for proposed megafloods. Results show that flow through channels with convex longitudinal profiles occurs when hydraulic head exceeds 910 m (Lost River) and 950 m (Sage Creek) , respectively. These are considerably below the maximum head capable of driving flow through the system of 1360 m, beyond which ice is decoupled from the bed across the pre‐glacial drainage divide. Therefore, it is concluded that these model results support the hypothesis of catastrophic subglacial drainage during the Livingstone Lake event. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Tsuyoshi Nohara Hidemi Tanaka Kunio Watanabe Noboru Furukawa Akira Takami 《Island Arc》2006,15(4):537-545
Abstract The spatial hydrogeological and structural character of the active Mozumi-Sukenobu Fault (MSF) was investigated along a survey tunnel excavated through the MSF in the Kamioka Mine, central Japan. Major groundwater conduits on both sides of the MSF are recognized. One is considered to be a subvertical conduit between the tunnel and the surface, and the other is estimated to be a major reservoir of old meteoric water alongside the MSF. Our studies indicate that part of the MSF is a sub-vertical continuous barrier that obstructs younger meteoric water observed in the south-eastern part of the Active Fault Survey Tunnel (AFST) and water recharge to the rock mass intersected by the north-western part of the AFST. The MSF might be a continuous barrier resulting in the storage of a large quantity of older groundwater to the northwest. The observations and results of in situ hydraulic tests indicate that the major reservoir is not the fault breccia associated with the northeast–southwest trending faults of the MSF, but the zone in which blocks of fractured rocks occur beside high angle faults corresponding to X shears whose tectonic stress field coincides with the present regional stress field and antithetic Riedel shears of the MSF. The results from borehole investigations in the AFST indicate that secondary porosity is developed in the major reservoir due to the destruction of filling minerals and fracture development beside these shears. The increase in hydraulic conductivity is not directly related to increased density of fractures around the MSF. Development of secondary porosity could cause the increase in hydraulic conductivity around the MSF. Our results suggest that minor conduits of the fracture network are sporadically distributed in the sedimentary rocks around the MSF in the AFST. 相似文献
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隧道开挖时的爆破震动对周边建筑物安全影响很大,但目前对不同爆破参数、周边建筑的距离与爆破开挖之间关系的研究成果不多,实际工程中也难以把握。以宁夏固原市某水工隧道工程为依托,采用现场试验的方法,对地表关键位置质点爆破振动频率与振动速度进行测试和分析。结果表明:(1)经测试发现房屋主振频率在10~60Hz间,而一般房屋建筑的频率均小于10Hz,说明此次试验中爆破震动不能与房屋产生共振。(2)对试验数据进行分析,并依据爆破震动规范安全振速标准进行判别,发现此次试验中土坯房的安全距离为160 m,一般砖房为60 m。研究结果可为隧道爆破的设计与施工提供理论依据,为类似隧道的爆破工程及解决由爆破引起的纠纷提供借鉴。 相似文献
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TSP 203在云南元磨高速公路隧道超前地质预报中的应用 总被引：26，自引：8，他引：26
TSP203系统是瑞士Amberg工程技术公司最新研制并拥有专利的隧道地震探测仪，专门为隧道超前地质预报而设计的。该系统从数据采集、处理和成果评估高度智能化。采用该系统可以预报隧道工作面前方至少100m围岩地质体的性质、位置和规模，并可算出其岩石物理力学参数，为确定合理的支护参数提供依据，确保隧道施工安全和质量。本文是TSP203系统在云南元磨高速公路隧道超前地质预报中的应用实例。 相似文献
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T. X. Zhu 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2003,28(5):507-525
The tunnel systems in a semi‐arid catchment of the Loess Plateau of China were repeatedly surveyed prior to the rainy seasons of 1989, 1999 and 2001. The surveys aimed to: (1) measure tunnel development over the 12 year period 1989–2001; (2) explore how the physiographical conditions affect the spatio‐temporal variability of tunnel development; and (3) to identify the geomorphic processes associated with tunnel development. The ultimate goal was to quantify the geomorphic significance of tunnel systems in the catchment. Over the 12 year period, the number of tunnel inlets was more than doubled and most of the newly increased inlets were initiated in the few catastrophic storm events. However, tunnel enlargement can occur in storm or inter‐storm periods, mainly through earth falls and slumps in inlets, and water erosion and roof cave‐in collapses in tunnel paths. Tunnel development varied with material properties, land uses and topographic conditions. Net tunnel erosion may contribute at least 25–30% of the catchment sediment yield and was mainly produced by the initiation and enlargement of tunnel inlets rather than tunnel paths. To protect the areas against tunnel erosion, terracing of the upper slopes seems to be more effective than planting vegetation on the lower slopes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Although intensive research of the influence of ground motion duration on structural cumulative damage has been carried out, the influence of dynamic responses in underground tunnels remains a heated debate. This study attempts to highlight the importance of the ground motion duration effect on hydraulic tunnels subjected to deep-focus earthquakes. In the study, a set of 18 recorded accelerograms with a wide-range of durations were employed. A spectrally equivalent method serves to distinguish the effect of duration from other ground motion features, and then the seismic input model was simulated using SV-wave excitation based on a viscous-spring boundary, which was verified by the time-domain waves analysis method. The nonlinear analysis results demonstrate that the risk of collapse of the hydraulic tunnel is higher under long-duration ground motion than that of short-duration ground motion of the same seismic intensity. In a low intensity earthquake, the ground motion duration has little effect on the damage energy consumption of a hydraulic tunnel lining, but in a high intensity earthquake, dissipation of the damage energy and damage index of concrete shows a nonlinear growth trend accompanied by the increase of ground motion duration, which has a great influence on the deformation and stress of hydraulic tunnels, and correlation analysis shows that the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.8. Therefore, the duration of ground motion should be taken into consideration except for its intensity and frequency content in the design of hydraulic tunnel, and evaluation of seismic risk.
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为研究双洞八车道超大断面隧道在地震力作用下的动力响应特征,以平潭综合实验区牛寨山隧道为工程背景,建立双洞八车道隧道的三维有限元数值计算模型。采用时程分析方法,在模型底部输入水平向地震动荷载,计算隧道结构在地震动荷载作用下的响应,包括位移、加速度及应力的变化。结果表明:最大水平和竖向位移出现在拱顶处,南线浅埋隧道整体呈剪切响应;隧道最大水平加速度出现在南线隧道拱顶偏左处,最大垂直加速度出现在南线隧道拱顶偏右处,南线隧道洞口由于浅埋,关键部位响应差较北线要大;南线的右拱肩埋深最浅,该部位拉应力最大,而北线拱顶的拉应力区最大,拱脚也出现明显的拉或压应力。建议在隧道洞口段的拱顶、拱脚及埋深最浅的部位应加强抗震设防。 相似文献
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针对黄土地区山岭隧道面临的强震灾害现实特点,以强震作用下洞口周边土体与隧道结构的地震动放大效应为主要研究目标,通过建立三维数值模型,重点研究不同坡度、坡高与入洞高程模型的坡面高程方向、水平方向以及衬砌结构的加速度与位移响应规律,提出坡面加固区范围和隧道抗震设防长度建议值。研究结果表明:仰坡高度、坡角及进洞高程的变化,均会对隧道洞口段地震响应规律和破坏模式产生重要影响,缓坡易发生坡底处的剪切破坏,而陡坡易发生坡顶的拉裂破坏;随着边坡高度的增大,边坡的滑动破坏范围逐渐增大;隧道的存在对坡面地震动高程放大效应有明显"抑制"作用,在洞口水平向存在动力响应放大区,范围为2.1～2.8倍洞径;通过分析隧道衬砌沿进深方向的动力响应规律,建议黄土隧道洞口段抗震设防长度最小值为3倍洞径。 相似文献
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通过大型振动台模型试验并采用Midas-GTS有限元软件进行模拟计算,研究黄土隧道洞口段在地震作用下的动力响应特征、破坏过程和地震波在模型中的传递规律,分析影响黄土隧道洞口段地震动力响应的主要因素。结果表明:边坡沿弧形开裂面的垮塌受坡脚剪切和坡顶拉裂的共同作用;边坡会对其卓越频率内的地震波产生明显放大效应,且在1/2坡高以上放大效应出现饱和现象;隧道临空面是影响隧道洞口段地震动力响应的主要因素。考虑进洞高程效应时隧道洞口段抗震设防长度可取距洞口5倍洞径范围。振动台模型试验与数值计算在位移、加速度、应力三个响应特征上吻合较好,证明二者结果合理可靠。研究成果可为隧道工程设计和地下结构抗震理论研究提供有益参考。 相似文献