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1.
基于TCK损伤本构的岩石爆破效应数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
脆性岩石在爆破载荷下的动态破碎行为是工程技术人员所关心的,采用数值法预估岩体破裂范围和损伤大小对施工安全具有重大意义,其中合理的岩石损伤模型是关键。假设岩体破坏近似服从Mises屈服准则,且考虑到岩体的应变硬化特性,把Taylor-Chen-Kuszmaul（TCK）模型中的拉裂损伤演化方程和材料双线性、弹塑性本构耦合到一起,并简洁地嵌入到有限元分析软件LS-DYNA中,通过半无限岩体中柱形药包爆破实例验证了其合理性与准确性。对球形药包爆破问题也进行了数值分析。该损伤模型及其数值模拟在工程中具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
2.
Modeling of wave propagation induced by underground explosion 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
A piecewise linear Drucker–Prager strength criterion and an isotropic continuum damage model with the damage scalar depending on an equivalent tensile strain are suggested to model rock mass behavior under blast loading. A rate-dependent constitutive relation is employed to model the energy dissipation caused by two sources, namely irreversible degradation of damage and permanent deformation caused by plasticity. The suggested model is incorporated with a commercially available software AUTODYN through its user’s subroutine function. Coupling of Euler and Lagrange processors are used to include all the materials under consideration such as explosive, air and rock mass, in the calculation. Using AUTODYN and the suggested model, shock wave propagation in rock mass induced by an underground explosion is simulated. Numerical results obtained agree favorably well with those obtained from an independently conducted field test. It demonstrates that the suggested model can be used to predict the damage area, plastic zone and ground motions generated by underground explosions. 相似文献
3.
Scaled-Distance Relationships For Chamber Blast Accidents in Underground Storage of Explosives 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Hong Hao Chengqing Wu 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2001,5(1):57-90
Common approaches in practice to predict underground explosion-induced stress wave intensity are based on some empirical formulae. Those empirical formulae were obtained by different researchers based on their testing data at various sites. They can predict the peak particle velocities (PPV) and/or peak particle accelerations (PPA) of propagating stress wave at various locations. They usually include the effect of explosion loading density in terms of a decoupling factor, but do not take into consideration the effects of other explosion conditions, such as the charge chamber geometry, explosive location and distribution. In this paper, a previously calibrated numerical model is used to perform parametric calculations to investigate the effects of underground explosion conditions on stress wave propagation and damage at a granite site. Based on the numerical results, some formulae, which include the effects of various explosion conditions, are derived to predict peak particle acceleration (PPA), peak particle velocity (PPV) and principal frequency of stress wave in the granite mass. The proposed formulae are also compared with the empirical formulae obtained from blasting tests conducted at the site under consideration. 相似文献
4.
爆破荷载作用下岩体振动特征的数值模拟 总被引：41，自引：2，他引：39
根据福建牛头山水电站地基岩体爆破开挖监测,运用离散元方法模拟了节理岩体距爆源不同距离处质点的振动速度和频率的变化特征,由此确定岩体质点最大振动速度和振动主频随爆源距离的衰减规律,并得到了距爆源一定距离处质点最大振动速度和振动主频与爆破药量的关系。数值模拟与现场实测的结果表明,用离散元软件UDEC计算得到的岩体振动特征和衰减规律与现场监测结果是基本符合的,误差在工程应用的允许范围之内,因此UDEC用于对岩体动态响应的数值模拟是适合的。 相似文献
5.
隧洞开挖重复爆炸荷载作用下围岩累积损伤特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
隧洞毫秒爆破开挖推进过程中,预留岩体在重复爆炸荷载作用下产生不可逆的损伤叠加。而现有的岩体爆破损伤数值模拟基本都是针对单孔装药和单段爆破,很少涉及实际工程中的重复爆炸。基于LS-DYNA程序的用户自定义材料接口,将统计损伤演化模型嵌入到弹塑性本构材料中,模拟圆形隧洞全断面毫秒爆破过程中重复爆炸荷载作用下的岩体累积损伤效应,并考虑地应力对岩体爆破损伤的影响。计算结果表明,围岩损伤范围和损伤程度随重复爆炸荷载次数而增加,在一个爆破进尺内,围岩损伤的临界峰值质点振动速度较单段爆破降低了12%;爆炸荷载作用下,围岩主要表现为拉损伤,围岩地应力对爆破张拉效应起到非常敏感的"抑制"作用,在210 MPa应力水平时,围岩爆破累积损伤范围随着应力增加而明显减小,围岩损伤的临界峰值质点振动速度增加24%10 MPa应力水平时,围岩爆破累积损伤范围随着应力增加而明显减小,围岩损伤的临界峰值质点振动速度增加24%57%。 相似文献
6.
During the excavation of underground opening, the rock may experience a complex loading path that includes the highly confined compression before excavation, unloading of confining stress and further disturbance of dynamic loading after excavation. By using Rock Failure Process Analysis for Dynamics (RFPA-Dynamics), the failure of rock sequentially subjected to this complex loading path is numerically simulated, in order to examine the rock failure mechanism induced by excavation. The RFPA-Dynamics is firstly used to reproduce the failure of rock under confined compression, followed by unloading of confining pressure, and it is validated against with the existing experimental observation. Then, the failure characteristics of rock specimen sequentially subjected to the quasi-static triaxial loading, unloading of confining pressure and dynamic disturbance are numerically simulated, where the effect of magnitude of axial loading and confining pressure, and duration and amplitude of the dynamic disturbance on the final failure patterns of rock are examined. The numerical results indicate that the arc-shaped spalling damage zone is prone to develop with the increase in the axial pressure and lateral pressure coefficient. As for the effect of dynamic disturbance, the contribution of duration and amplitude of dynamic disturbance on the energy input are similar, where the area of damage zone increases with the energy input into the rock specimen. In this regard, the area of the damage zone is influenced by both the magnitude of in situ stress and waveform of dynamic disturbance. This study denotes that it is of great significance to trace the complex loading path induced by excavation in order to capture the rock failure mechanism induced by underground excavation. 相似文献
7.
Modelling Rock Blasting Considering Explosion Gas Penetration Using Discontinuous Deformation Analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Explosion gas plays an important role in rock mass fragmentation and cast in rock blasting. In this technical note, the discontinuous deformation analysis method is extended for bench rock blasting by coupling the rock mass failure process and the penetration effect of the explosion gas based on a generalized artificial joint concept to model rock mass fracturing. By tracking the blast chamber evolution dynamically, instant explosion gas pressure is derived from the blast chamber volume using a simple polytropic gas pressure equation of state and loaded on the blast chamber wall. A bench blasting example is carried out. The blast chamber volume and pressure time histories are obtained. The rock failure and movement process in bench rock blasting is reproduced and analysed. 相似文献
8.
将加、卸载响应比理论引入地下岩体洞室群地震响应分析中。以输入的地震加速度作为加、卸载,以洞室围岩的加速度作为响应,合理地确定了加、卸载响应区段。通过有限差分程序FLAC3D建立了白鹤滩水电站13号机组剖面数值分析模型,选用汶川地震波进行动力时程计算,探讨地下岩体洞室群的地震动力稳定性,研究结果表明：在100年超越概率2%的地震作用下,白鹤滩水电站地下洞室群围岩响应比峰值范围在4.05～11.52之间;结合应力及位移分析,主厂房拱顶及层间错动带C4在尾调室上游边墙出露部位的围岩均进入了非线性变形状态,但响应比在整个时程中并没有趋于无穷大,围岩没有发生失稳破坏;错动带两侧的围岩产生了一定的相对位移,会对尾调室的边墙稳定性产生不利影响。该研究方法可应用于一般地下岩体结构的地震稳定性分析中。 相似文献
9.
In nature, there exist several forms of anisotropy in rock masses due to the presence of bedding planes, joints, and weak layers. It is well understood that the anisotropic properties of jointed rock masses significantly affect the stability of surface and underground excavations. However, these critical anisotropic characteristics are often ignored in existing uniaxial dynamic failure criteria. This study investigates the effect of a pre-existing persistent joint on the rate-dependent mechanical behaviours of a rock mass using a particle mechanics approach, namely, bonded particle model (BPM), to realistically replicate the mechanical response of the rock mass. Firstly, in order to capture the rate-dependent response of the jointed rock mass, the BPM model is validated using published experimental data. Then, a dynamic strength model is proposed based on the Jaeger criterion and simulation results. To further investigate the dynamic behaviours, the dynamic uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) for anisotropic rock masses with various joint orientations is investigated by subjecting the BPM models to uniaxial compression numerical tests with various strain rate. The proposed dynamic strength model is validated based on numerical simulation results. Finally, the fragmentation characteristics of the jointed rock masses are analysed, which demonstrate that the failure mode affects the dynamic UCS. This is further confirmed by the analysis of the orientations of microscopic cracks generated by the compression loading. 相似文献
10.
基于细观损伤有限元方法,模拟分析了刀具在单一动载、动静联合荷载、静态围压条件下动静联合荷载3种情况下岩体破碎的全过程。模型采用黏弹性人工边界剔除了边界应力波反射对模拟结果准确性的影响。数值模拟结果表明：在弹性情况下,静压的存在对岩体内部最小主应力值影响不大,却显著提高了材料内部最大主应力水平,增大了剪应力的大小,导致剪切破坏可能性增加;当有围压存在时,岩体内部受拉区域减少,岩体强度有所提高。单一动载和动静联合荷载破岩时,岩体内部除刀头附近呈现少量压破坏外,破坏均以拉破坏为主;而围压条件下,岩体破碎面积相对减小,裂纹在围压的作用下向两侧自由面延伸,岩体内部破坏形式则趋于多样化,压破坏比重明显增大,整体表现为拉压复合作用。模拟结果还表明,刀头侵入量主要受动载力大小影响,在相同幅值增量下,动载力增加导致的刀头侵入量远大于静压增加所导致的侵入量。相对单一动载和静压作用下的岩石破碎机制来说,动静组合加载破岩的研究还需更为深入的探讨。研究结果可望对岩体破坏机制以及地下工程作业等实际应用提供一定的参考。 相似文献
11.
Summary
This paper uses the concept of anisotropic damage mechanics to analyze dynamic responses of a granite site under blasting
loads. An anisotropic continuum damage model is suggested to model rock mass behavior under blasting loads. The effects of
existing cracks and joints in the rock mass are considered by using equivalent rock material properties obtained from both
field and laboratory test data. The anisotropic damage accumulations are simulated by continuous degradation of equivalent
material stiffness and strength during loading process and are calculated using the exponential function with respect to the
principal tensile strain in three directions. The suggested models are programmed and linked to an available computer program
Autodyn3D through its user's subroutine capability. Stress wave propagation and damage zone in the rock mass induced by underground
explosions are simulated. Numerical results of damaged area, peak particle velocity and acceleration attenuation as well as
acceleration time histories and Fourier spectra are compared with those from independent field tests. 相似文献
12.
为了研究岩石在循环爆破作用下的动力学响应,本文对黑云母花岗岩试块进行了小型爆破试验,利用加速度传感器和声波测试仪,分别对循环爆破荷载下质点振动衰减规律与累积损伤演化机理进行了探析,并对不同装药量下花岗岩试块的裂纹扩展与断裂形态进行了比较。结果表明:萨道夫斯基公式对室内花岗岩试块的爆破振动衰减规律具有较好的适用性,拟合相关参数都处于0.90以上;花岗岩的爆破损伤随着爆破次数的增加而增加,且损伤值随着距爆心距离（爆心距）的增加而降低,近区损伤值迅速降低,降幅约为1.46/m,而中区和远区损伤值降低相对缓慢,约为0.57/m和0.13/m;花岗岩的破坏程度和装药量有较高的关联度,当药量较低时,岩块致裂所需要的爆破次数就越大;随着药量增加到一定程度,岩块在低爆破次数下就会发生破坏;此外,还发现随着装药量的增加,试块爆后破裂的块数呈现增加趋势,如较低药量时试样破裂成2块,较高药量下破裂成3~4块。 相似文献
13.
采用动力有限元,利用特有的爆炸单元直接计算炸药在岩土介质中爆炸、爆炸波传播及遇到地下洞室对其产生影响的全过程,并针对某现场大型地下洞室抗爆试验,利用数值模拟,分析计算与现场爆炸、地质、洞室支护等条件相同情况下地下结构的动力响应,模拟计算结论与现场试验结果分布规律相同、数值接近,表明有限元法直接模拟爆炸对地下结构的影响具有一定的可靠性,为进一步研究地下结构在爆炸荷载下的动力响应及安全评价打下基础。 相似文献
14.
A. K. Verma Manish Kumar Jha Srinivas Mantrala T. G. Sitharam 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(5):1953-1966
Rapid growth of urban population in Indian cities have led traffic congestion leading to demand for scientific utilization of underground space. Immediate underground level and deep level underground below the major arterial roads are the sustainable spaces available for meeting the demand of the future traffic/transport. Due to recent increased transit activities it has become one of the soft targets by terrorists or prone to catastrophic accidents in recent years which have increased the importance of rock structures study under explosive loading. In this paper, the response of a underground metro tunnel subjected dynamic loads have been investigated including explosive capacity (30 kg TNT), ground characteristics, liner thickness and blast pressure characteristics. Blast pressure representing CONWEP air blast loading model with positive over pressure phase was applied to lining of tunnel. A three dimensional explicit finite element method was used to analyze dynamic response and damage in twin tunnels of underground metro. It is found that liner of thickness 28 cm will start deforming at the explosive loading of more than 65 kg TNT. 相似文献
15.
地应力场下岩体爆体的数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
建立了地应力作用下岩体在爆炸荷载作用下的运动微分方程,并对岩体中的地应力采用隐式分析方法,对爆炸的高速动载作用采用显式分析方法,通过隐式－显式连续求解完成地应力作用下岩体爆炸的数值模拟。数值算例结果表明,近爆腔处,较低的静应力场与较高的动应力场作用时爆炸动态应力波占主导地位,初始应力对爆破应力波影响较小。在远离爆腔处,高地应力存在改变了爆破应力波的传播规律,对爆炸岩体有很大影响。 相似文献
16.
Summary
This paper reports the second part of the study carried out by the authors on the underground explosion-induced stress wave
propagation and damage in a rock mass. In the accompanying paper reporting the first part of the study, equivalent material
properties were used to model the effects of existing cracks and joints in the rock mass. The rock mass and its properties
were treated as deterministic. In this paper, existing random cracks and joints are modeled as statistical initial damage
of the rock mass. In numerical calculation, an anisotropic continuum damage model including both the statistical anisotropic
initial damage and cumulative damage dependent on principal tensile strain and stochastic critical tensile strain is suggested
to model rock mass behavior under explosion loads. The statistical estimation of stress wave propagation in the rock mass
due to underground explosion is evaluated by Rosenblueth's point estimate method. The suggested models and statistical solution
process are also programmed and linked to Autodyn3D as its user's subroutines. Numerical results are compared with the field
test data and those presented in the accompanying paper obtained with equivalent material property approach. 相似文献
17.
Analysis of the Dynamic Performance of an Underground Excavation in Jointed Rock under Repeated Seismic Loading 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Results from field observations of dynamic behaviour of an underground excavation have been compared with numerical studies of the rock deformation history. The field behaviour shows progressive accumulation of rock displacement and excavation deformation under successive episodes of dynamic loading. It is possible to reproduce the modes of rock response quite well using a Distinct Element model of the rock mass, but the way displacements develop is dependent on the joint model used in the analysis. It is suggested that, in rock masses subject to repeated dynamic loading, excavation design may need to take account of the prospect of repeated episodes of transient loading at the excavation site. 相似文献
18.
This paper presents the results of a series of numerical experiments using the synthetic rock mass (SRM) approach to quantify the behaviour of jointed rock masses. Field data from a massive sulphide rock mass, at the Brunswick mine, were used to develop a discrete fracture network (DFN). The constructed DFN model was subsequently subjected to random sampling whereby 40 cubic samples, of height to width ratio of two, and of varying widths (0.05 to 10 m) were isolated. The discrete fracture samples were linked to 3D bonded particle models to generate representative SRM models for each sample size. This approach simulated the jointed rock mass as an assembly of fractures embedded into the rock matrix. The SRM samples were submitted to uniaxial loading, and the complete stress–strain behaviour of each specimen was recorded. This approach provided a way to determine the complex constitutive behaviour of large‐scale rock mass samples. This is often difficult or not possible to achieve in the laboratory. The numerical experiments suggested that higher post‐peak modulus values were obtained for smaller samples and lower values for larger sample sizes. Furthermore, the observed deviation of the recorded post‐peak modulus values decreased with sample size. The ratio of residual strength of rock mass samples per uniaxial compressive strength intact increases moderately with sample size. Consequently, for the investigated massive sulphide rock mass, the pre‐peak and post‐peak representative elemental volume size was found to be the same (7 × 7 × 14 m). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
节理岩体是工程中最常见的一类岩体,其在地震、爆炸等动载下的力学响应及破坏过程对相关工程安全性的影响至关重要。采用基于有限元应力分析和统计损伤理论开发的动态版RFPA2D数值模拟软件,对动载下节理岩体的动态破坏过程进行了模拟,重点讨论了节理条数、节理贯通度、节理倾角及应力波峰值对岩体动态破坏过程的影响规律。计算结果表明,断续节理岩体动态破坏过程及破坏强度与节理构造形态、应力波峰值密切相关。相同动载下,随着节理条数的增加,岩体破坏程度以及应力波能量损失增强,但当节理条数数超过一定值后,岩体破坏程度及应力波能量损失逐渐趋于稳定;节理贯通度较小时,岩体破坏程度较低且破坏单元自上而下均匀分布。随着节理贯通度的增加,岩体破坏增强,且破坏主要出现于节理上部岩体;节理倾角较小时,节理上部岩体破坏严重,易形成次生贯通裂纹。随着节理倾角增加,破坏范围逐渐变大,不易形成次生贯通裂纹;倾角为45°～60°时,岩体破坏效果最佳;动载荷的峰值越大,试样的破坏越严重。当峰值达到一定值时,节理附近发育出多条裂隙并向上下方不断发展而导致岩体完全破坏。在不同节理贯通度工况下与岩石霍布金森压杆（SHPB）试验结果进行比较,结论吻合,证明该数值模拟的合可行性和结论的可靠性。 相似文献
20.
考虑岩体劣化的大型地下厂房围岩变形动态监测预警方法研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
针对大型地下厂房洞室开挖后围岩力学参数发生劣化的事实,以及大型地下厂房允许变形无相关规范参考的缺陷,在分析地下厂房围岩失稳机制基础之上,基于强度折减法思想,提出大型地下厂房围岩劣化折减计算方法,建立围岩变形的动态预警路线体系。该体系应用屈服接近度指标确定围岩的劣化区域,折减劣化区域内的变形模量、凝聚力及抗拉强度值,在折减计算过程中依据围岩的变形、劣化区体积、释放能量三者之一发生突变作为围岩失稳判据,获得围岩失稳的变形预警值,并与现场变形监测值对比分析,从而实现围岩稳定状况的快速判别。地下厂房实例分析表明,该方法可为洞室稳定性判断提供定量依据,较好地满足了地下工程建设需要。 相似文献