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1.
煤的视相对密度是煤炭资源储量估算的一个重要参数。影响煤的视相对密度因素很多,其中煤样粒度对煤的视相对密度结果影响大。根据块煤和小颗粒煤测定煤的视相对密度结果分析,认为小颗粒煤测定煤的视相对密度结果重复性好,而块煤重复性较差,块煤测定视相对密度结果值普遍小于小颗粒煤,建议采用小颗粒煤行标法;对于某些煤样过于破碎或易泥化,取不到具有代表意义的3~6mm粒级的煤样,或出现真密度小于视密度的现象时,可利用真相对密度值或实测视密度样之灰分值进行换算处理,提供一个合适的视密度值来进行煤炭储量的估算,使煤炭储量估算值更接近于真值。 相似文献
2.
Anthropogenic arsenic menace in Delhi Yamuna Flood Plains 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Chandra S. Dubey Bhupendra K. Mishra Dericks P. Shukla Ravindra P. Singh M. Tajbakhsh Purushottam Sakhare 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(1):131-139
Arsenic, one of the most poisonous chemical elements, was analyzed in the waters of the host of the 2010 Commonwealth Games,
i.e., New Delhi. The study revealed shocking outcomes with arsenic concentrations well beyond the safe limits set by WHO,
and a maximum concentration up to 180 ppb was found in the groundwater. Analysis of around 120 water samples collected extensively
along the Yamuna Flood Plain showed that more than 55% had arsenic contamination beyond the WHO limit of 10 ppb. The maximum
value of arsenic in coal and fly ash from Rajghat coal-based thermal power plant contained 200 and 3,200 ppb, respectively.
Moreover, the ore petrography of coal samples shows the presence of arsenopyrite mineral. Maximum concentration of arsenic
contamination is found within a 5-km radius from power plants. In the perspective of Delhi, arsenic contamination is purely
anthropogenic due to coal-based thermal power plants, which had already shown toxic arsenic, fluorine and China-type coal
effects. The presence of such power plants in coal field locations, e.g., West Bengal and Bangladesh, could release the arsenic
due to combustion in superthermal power plants, thus accentuating the arsenic concentration besides the natural arsenic coming
from the foreland basins of the Himalaya in Indian sub-continent. 相似文献
3.
Heavy mineral concentrates (SG 3.3) from the Huai Hin Laep, a tributary of the Huai Kho Lo River in northern Thailand, contain strongly anomalous concentrations of gold. In contrast, the gold content of the associated < 149 μm and <53 μm fractions of the sediment is generally less than the 5 ppb detection limit obtained by a conventional fire assay-atomic absorption spectrometry method. To test for the presence of a gold anomaly at concentrations < 5 ppb, we have used an aqua-regia digestion followed by an Amberlite XAD-8 column preconcentration technique that, when used with a spectrometer that enables full display of the analytical spectrum to optimize baseline analysis, gives a detection limit of 0.1 ppb Au.Gold content of the < 53 μm sediment fraction ranges from 1.0 to 3.1 ppb compared to concentrations that typically range from 1000 to more than 100,000 ppb in the heavy mineral concentrates. However, despite gold concentrations in the sediment being several orders of magnitude lower than those in the heavy mineral concentrates, the downstream dispersion patterns are similar, with gold concentrations increasing at high energy sites and downstream away from the assumed source. These results identify the presence of a greatly diluted gold anomaly in the < 53 μm fraction of the sediments and suggest that transport and deposition of this fine grained gold is controlled by the same sedimentological factors that control the behavior of gold in the sand-size range, between 53 μm and 425 μm. Most important from an exploration standpoint, is that by using a sufficiently sensitive analytical method, meaningful gold dispersion patterns can be recognized at concentrations below 5 ppb. 相似文献
4.
西北地区侏罗纪煤系烃源岩和油气地球化学特征 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16
阿尔金断裂以北的新疆地区煤系泥岩和煤均很发育,而以南的甘青宁地区湖相和沼泽相泥岩发育。煤系烃源岩中主要的成烃显微组分是壳质体、藻类体、基质镜质体等,有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主;煤系泥岩一般为中到差油源岩,少数为好烃源岩,煤一般为差油源岩,下侏罗统源岩生烃潜力高于中侏罗统源岩;煤系原油一般为成熟的轻质、中蜡、低凝固点、低硫优质原油;油源对比表明煤系泥岩是主要烃源岩,煤和碳质泥岩是次要烃源岩;有利生油区域基本分布在侏罗纪的沉降沉积中心,而且后续埋藏又较深的山前坳陷区域。 相似文献
5.
6.
现有数据表明我国1 000 m以浅低阶煤层含气量普遍偏低,而深层低阶煤试采效果显示较好。基于Langmuir方程开展了低阶煤高温高压环境下等温吸附模拟实验,结果表明:褐煤吸附量约占长焰煤、气煤吸附量的1/3,吸附能力最弱,随着煤阶的升高,吸附量逐渐增大;实验发现低阶煤在55℃、12 MPa以下吸附量随温度、压力增大而增加较快,并建立了基于煤阶-温度-压力条件下的深层低阶煤饱和吸附模型;煤层随着埋藏深度的增加,吸附量呈现出快速增加-缓慢增加-缓慢递减的过程,即深层煤层吸附量存在吸附临界深度带,为1 400~1 700 m。1 400 m以浅吸附量受压力正效应大于温度负效应,吸附量随埋深增加而增加,临界深度带内吸附量达到极限,不再增加,1 700 m以深温度负效应大于压力正效应,吸附量随深度增加而减小。实验结果为深层低阶煤层气资源评价及开发潜力提供理论依据。 相似文献
7.
8.
W. R. Ryall 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1979,11(2):175-194
In the Pb-Zn-Ag lodes at Broken Hill, significant Hg remains located in sphalerite and in tetrahedrite inclusions in galena, despite prograde granulite facies regional metamorphism that has resulted in recrystallization of the ore. The stratigraphically uppermost No. 3 lens has the highest Hg content, with sphalerite and galena concentrates containing up to 149,000 ppb and 198,000 ppb Hg, respectively, in Ag-Sb-rich parts of the lode.The No. 2 and 1 lenses and A lode have generally low Hg contents, but narrow tetrahedrite-rich sections contain up to 83,000 ppb Hg in sphalerite concentrates and 82,000 ppb in galena concentrates. The stratigraphically lowermost B lode has a moderately high Hg content with sphalerite concentrates containing from 4400 to 41,000 ppb Hg and galena concentrates from 30 to 21,000 ppb Hg.Programmed heating determinations showed Hg in sphalerite concentrates to be contained principally in the sphalerite structure, with subordinate amounts in tetrahedrite inclusions. Mercury in galena concentrates is almost wholly contained in tetrahedrite inclusions, with lesser amounts in dyscrasite and pyrargyrite.Piercement bodies show increased Pb, Ag, Sb, As and Hg contents due to preferential migration of galena and tetrahedrite. The Hg content of sphalerite in these bodies is approximately doubled relative to the source lode, and the Hg content of galena concentrates is increased sevenfold, due to an increase of tetrahedrite inclusions.Coarse-grained sulfide-gangue pods and pegmatites, which reflect partial melting and remobilization of parts of the lode, have a mean Hg content less than the same volume of host lode. Within these bodies Hg is strongly partitioned into sphalerite, which contains from 14,000 to 33,000 ppb Hg, whereas galena contains only from 10 to 570 ppb Hg, due to the absence of Hg-bearing tetrahedrite inclusions.Within the lode environment, trace amounts of Hg in veins formed during retrograde metamorphism are located in sphalerite which contains up to 29,000 ppb Hg.The presence of significant amounts of Hg in Ag-Sb-As minerals in a siderite-rich vein within the main lode and in the Consols lode (located 700 m from the main lode) indicates that Hg remains associated with these elements over a wide range of conditions.In the wall rocks, there is no Hg halo which is exclusive of disseminated sulfide minerals. Under high-grade regional metamorphism, trace amounts of Hg in the Broken Hill lode are retained within pre-metamorphism host minerals. However, mobilization of Hg does take place in veins associated with retrograde metamorphism after localized breakdown of tetrahedrite. 相似文献
9.
R.K. Srivastava 《Chemical Geology》1979,27(3):255-263
Igneous rocks, silicate minerals and native sulphur have been analysed for their mercury content by a microwave-excited argon plasma. Basic and ultrabasic igneous rocks have abundances between 3 and 31 ppb Hg. The granitic rocks show much larger variations. The content in the silicate minerals is highly variable, ranging from less than 1 ppb Hg in an igneous biotite to 55 ppb Hg in a pegmatitic biotite. The analysed clay minerals give 110 and 200 ppb Hg. Volcanic elemental S contain from 11 to 9300 ppb Hg, the values on the lower side being from oceanic volcanoes and on the higher side for continental or marginal volcanoes. 相似文献
10.
Microlithotype composition of a coal sample is often summarized by examining a large number (~500) of subsamples of a grain mount and estimating proportions of vitrite, intermediates, and inertite, where, for samples we have investigated, the proportion of intermediates is generally less than 0.4. This suggests that most subsamples are either greater than 95% vitrinite or greater than 95% inertinite, so that the statistical distribution of vitrinite has most of its weight in its tails. Two distributions which may have this shape are the beta and the logistic normal, and these have been fitted to the microlithotype distribution of some coal samples. Parameters of these fitted distributions are related to the proportion of vitrinite in the sample and thickness of microscopic bands in the coal. For coals in the Sydney Basin, at least, it was found that the parameter relating to band thickness is approximately constant over a coal seam; therefore, fitting one or other of these distributions to such data leads to directly interpretable parameters. 相似文献
11.
Jane C. Shearer Timothy A. Moore Thomas D. Demchuk 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1995,28(2-4)
Floral character in mires has changed progressively through time. In the Carboniferous, pteridophytes, sphenophytes and lycophytes were dominant but by the Permian gymnosperms were an important component of mire flora. During the early Mesozoic gymnosperms remained the characteristic mire vegetation, together with pteridophytes, and conifers became dominant during the Jurassic. Cretaceous and Paleocene vegetation are similar, with taxodiaceous flora being important in mire vegetation. From the Eocene onwards, however, angiosperms were increasingly dominant in mire communities and in the Miocene herbaceous vegetation began to play a significant role. Together with these changes in floral character at least three aspects of coal character also appear to vary sequentially with time and are distinctive in the Tertiary: (1) proportions and thickness of vitrain banding, (2) coal bed thickness and (3) proportions of carbonised material. A compilation has been made of data from the coal literature comparing older coals with those of the Tertiary, in order to give a perspective in which to examine Tertiary coals. It was found that only Tertiary coals contain significant proportions of coal devoid of vitrain bands. In addition, Tertiary coals are the thickest recorded coal beds and generally contain low percentages of carbonised material (many less than 5%) as compared to older coals. It is interesting to note that Paleocene coal beds are similar to Cretaceous coals in that they tend to be thinner and contain higher proportions of carbonised material than do younger Tertiary coals.The absence of vitrain bands in some Tertiary coal beds is thought to result from the floras dominated by angiosperms, which are relatively easily degraded as compared to gymnosperms. The thickness of Tertiary coals may be related to an increase in biomass production from the Carboniferous through to the Tertiary, as plants made less investment in producing lignin, an energy-intensive process. In addition, with less lignin in plants, easier degradation of biomass may have facilitated nutrient recycling which, in turn, led to greater biomass production. Increased biomass production may have also ‘diluted’ the carbonised material present in some Tertiary peats, leading to lower proportions in the coal. Another possible cause of decreased carbonised components in Tertiary coal is that decreasing lignin content resulted in decreased charring during fires, as lignin is particularly prone to charring. A third possibility is that the carbonised component of peat may be concentrated during coalification so that Tertiary coals, generally of lower rank than Mesozoic or Paleozoic coals, contain a smaller fraction of carbonised plant material. It is not at present clear which of these mechanisms may have affected carbonised material in peat and coal but it is clear that lignin type and content has had an important role in determining peat and coal character since the Paleozoic. 相似文献
12.
A reconnaissance soil-gas helium survey was made in the Ely, Nevada and Delta, Utah 1° × 2° quadrangles in the Basin and Range Province. Helium concentrations in 510 samples ranged from −147 to 441 ppb He with respect to ambient air. The median helium value for the study area was 36 ppb. Concentrations of more than 100 ppb He and less than −20 ppb He occur more commonly in the Ely quadrangle and are especially numerous in the western one-half of this quadrangle. Interpretation of the data reveals that the helium concentrations reflect the rock type, particularly the silicic volcanic occurrences, and the geological structure of the area created by crustal extension. The regional soil-gas helium distribution is important information to consider when interpreting anomalies from detailed surveys. 相似文献
13.
A new method of simultaneous multi-elemental analysis, Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE), was used to detect trace elements in waters associated with a coal strip-mining operation in southern Indiana. Stream, pond, and ground water samples were collected and analyzed monthly from, or near, Sulphur Creek in Sullivan County. The concentrations of 26 major and trace elements were determined in samples from eleven locations: K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, I, Ba, Hg, Pb, and U. Elemental concentrations fluctuated considerably throughout the 13-month sampling period and also among sampling sites. Nickel, Zn, As, Cd, Mn, Fe, and Ca were highest in the upstream water which was most acidic (pH = 2.9–4.0) because of old unreclaimed mining operations. The highest values recorded were Ni = 1662 ppb, Zn = 4953 ppb, As = 26 ppb, Cd = 93 ppb, Mn = 5063 ppb, Fe = 63 ppm, and Ca = 325 ppm. The concentrations of these elements decreased downstream as the pH of Sulphur Creek increased which was likely due to the influence of the calcareous glacial till cover in the area and the recent mining activity which disturbed overburden containing a high percentage of calcareous materials. Lead, I, Br, and Ti values were highest (661 ppb, 86 ppb, 70 ppb, and 45 ppb, respectively) in the ground water from the coal seam (pH approximately 7). Other elements which were relatively high in the pH 7 waters closest to the current mining operations (pond, stream, and groundwater) included K (17 ppm), Sr (3408 ppb), Ba (173 ppb), As (14 ppb), Rb (16 ppb), Sn (14 ppb), and Cu (3840 ppb). The highest Cu concentration was recorded at the point where drainage water from the mine entered Sulphur Creek. Gallium, U, Hg, and Mo were found in low (< 13 ppb for Ga and Hg; < 205 ppb for Mo and U) concentrations and only in the ponds within the mine. 相似文献
14.
A system is presented in which an atmosphere containing less than 10?6 mole fraction oxygen and water containing less than 5 ppb oxygen can be maintained. Flotation of chalcocite, chalcopyrite, galena, pyrite and sphalerite in this system reveals that these minerals are naturally floatable under these conditions. 相似文献
15.
《International Journal of Coal Geology》1988,10(3):203-238
To develop a method for quantifying the vegetation of Pennsylvania-age coal beds, of four coal-ball (permineralized peat) profiles and four coal column samples from the Herrin coal bed (Kentucky No. 11) Carbondale Formation in western Kentucky were compared. An estimated 89.5% of the coal can be identified botanically. Compaction ratios for individual tissues were estimated using point counts of organic matter in coal balls. The estimated abundances of major plant groups (lycopods, ferns, sphenopsids, and pteridosperms) in coal balls differ by less than 10% compared to coal after accounting for differential compaction of plant tissues. Standard deviations in taxonomic and maceral composition among coal columns are generally less than 2%.Consistent differences in botanical composition were found between benches showing that the method is consistent when applied to sufficient thicknesses of coal. It was not possible to make fine-scale correlations within the coal bed using the vegetational data; either the flora varied considerably from place to place or the method of quantification is unreliable for small increments of coal (5 cm or less).In the coal, pteridosperm abundance is positively correlated with underlying shale partings. This correlation suggests that pteridosperms are favored either by higher nutrient levels or disturbance.In the third of four benches in the Herrin coal bed, a succession from Sigillaria-containing zones to zones dominated by Lepidophloios hallii is interpreted as a shift towards wetter conditions. In the other benches, the main factors controlling the taxonomic composition appear to have been the relative abundance of nutrients and/or the frequency of disturbance as indicated by the relative abundance of partings.Criteria for distinguishing between domed and planar swamps are discussed. These include: distribution of partings, type of plant succession, and changes in plant diversity, average plant size, preservational quality and sporinite content. The infrequency of partings in bench C suggests a peat dome developed while the peat of that bench was accumulating but other evidence either fails to support the development of a peat dome or is ambiguous. The maceral composition resembles those of other Carboniferous coals which are thought to have formed from planar peat swamps.Formation of fusain bands appears to be associated with processes occurring above the peat surface, such as burning or prolonged oxidative exposure. Oxidation of accumulated peat is unlikely because fusain bands rarely include more than a single plant. 相似文献
16.
厚煤层、巨厚煤层工作面内的小断层一般断距或延展长度的规模较小,目前的探查方法和仪器受分辨率限制一般难以探查这类小断层,而小断层探查不清,将会对智能化工作面高效回采带来较大影响。针对这一问题,开展厚煤层内小断层反射槽波探测的数值模拟及现场实验工作。在数值模拟方面,采用交错网格有限差分法对厚煤层(6 m)、巨厚煤层(20 m)两种环境下含小断层(落差小于3 m)的数值模型进行三分量弹性波模拟,在对数值模拟结果进行频谱分析的基础上研究不同模型中的直达槽波与反射槽波的特征。在实际探查方面,通过不同矿区厚煤层、巨厚煤层实际发育断层进行透、反射数据综合研究,分析和比较透射与反射槽波方法对小断层的探查情况。研究表明,工面内构造发育相对简单的条件下,反射槽波对厚煤层、巨厚煤层工作面中小断层的探测较透射槽波有更强的识别性及准确性。 相似文献
17.
钼是典型的环境敏感元素，同时也是潜在的稀有金属元素，为了查明钼元素在原煤和煤灰中含量特征及其在固（体）液（体）间的迁移规律，选取陕南石煤及煤灰样为研究对象，利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）分析样品中钼元素含量，通过浸泡实验模拟纯水、酸性、碱性和矿井水4种溶液中石煤及煤灰中钼元素浸出率。结果显示:石煤中钼元素含量为315.4~785.4 μg/g，煤灰中钼元素含量675.5~1 005.1 μg/g，燃烧后钼元素具有向石煤灰中富集（迁移）的趋势；不同类型溶液对石煤中钼元素均呈现不同程度的浸出率，总体特征为酸性溶液中钼元素的浸出率普遍偏低，低于其他3种类型溶液；而石煤灰中钼元素在不同溶液中浸出率不同于石煤样，总体特征为酸性溶液中钼元素的浸出率较高。结合浸出量进一步分析表明，酸性条件抑制了石煤中钼元素的迁出能力，而石煤灰样在酸性溶液中的钼浸出率与浸出量普遍高于其他类型溶液。分析认为，有氧燃烧使有机质释放钼元素、含钼矿热解、对钼的吸附能力等方面发生了变化，导致石煤灰中钼元素的迁移能力有所提升。研究认识具有环境保护和钼元素提取利用双重指导意义。 相似文献
18.
Gold anomalies in drainage sediments are often erratic, reflecting both the nugget effect and hydraulic effects whereby gold is concentrated at favorable sites along a stream. This study investigates these factors in a stream in northeastern Thailand.Bulk sediment samples, consisting of approximately 40 kg of −12 mm material, were collected from bar and pavement sites along an 8 km study reach. Samples were wet sieved into eight size fractions. The five fractions between 425 μm and 53 μm were then processed to obtain heavy mineral concentrates (SG > 3.3). Gold content of all size and density fractions finer than 425 μm was determined by fire assay-atomic absorption.Concentrations of Au in the heavy mineral concentrates typically range from 10,000 to 50,000 ppb (maximum 198,000 ppb), whereas the corresponding light mineral fractions and the −53 μm fraction generally contain <5 ppb gold. Within the heavy mineral fractions concentrations of Au generally increase downstream away from their supposed source and are higher at pavement than at point bar sites. Variations in abundance of gold between point bar sites can be related to stream characteristics (such as width, velocity and bed roughness) that are indicative of changing energy conditions and of the ability of the stream to winnow light minerals from its bed.The estimated median number of gold particles in the heavy mineral concentrates increase from less than one in the 212–425 μm fraction to about three in the 53–106 μm size range. However, because of dilution by the light mineral and −53 μm fractions, the probability of a 30 g analytical sub-sample containing a particle of gold is so low that in thirteen out of sixteen −149 μm sediment samples no gold was detected. Insofar as this results from dilution by large quantities of −53 μm sediment, failure of conventional sieved sediment samples to reliably detect the anomaly is probably a consequence of increased erosion caused by deforestation and land usage.Heavy mineral concentrates from pavement and other high energy sites are more reliable than conventional sediment samples for detecting gold anomalies of the Huai Hin Laep type. A low sample density is adequate but, because anomaly contrast may increase downstream, careful interpretation is required. 相似文献
19.
S.I. Arbuzov L.P. Rikhvanov S.G. Maslov V.S. Arhipov A.M. Belyaeva 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2006,68(3-4):127-134
One hundred twenty-two samples of Jurassic and Paleogene brown coals and 1254 peat samples from the south-eastern region of the Western-Siberian platform were analyzed for gold by the neutron-activation method. Mean content of Au in Jurassic coals is 30 ± 8 ppb, in Paleogene coals is 10.6 ± 4.8 ppb, and in peat is 6 ± 1.4 ppb. Concentrations of gold as high as 4.4 ppm were found in coal ash and 0.48 ppm in the peat ash. Coal beds with anomalous gold contents were found at Western-Siberian platform for the first time.Negative correlation between gold and ash yield in coals and peat and highest gold concentrations were found in low-ash and ultra-low-ash coals and peat. Primarily this is due to gold's association with organic matter.For the investigation of mode of occurrence of Au in peat the bitumen, water-soluble and high-hydrolyzed substances, humic acids, cellulose and lignin were extracted from it. It was determined that in peat about 95% of gold is combined with organic matter. Forty to sixty percent of Au is contained in humic acids and the same content is in lignin. Bitumens, water-soluble and high-hydrolyzed substances contain no more than 1% of general gold quantity in peat.The conditions of accumulation of high gold concentrations were considered. The authors suggest that Au accumulation in peat and brown coals and the connection between anomalous gold concentrations and organic matter in low-ash coals and peat can explain a biogenic–sorption mechanism of Au accumulation. The sources of formation of Au high concentration were various Au–Sb, Au–Ag Au–As–Sb deposits that are abundant in the Southern and South-Eastern peripheries of the coal basin. 相似文献
20.
Stephen F. Greb Cortland F. Eble Donald R. Chesnut Jr. 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2002,50(1-4)
More than 130 Mt of Pennsylvanian coal is produced annually from two coal fields in Kentucky. The Western Kentucky Coal Field occurs in part of the Illinois Basin, an intercratonic basin, and the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field occurs in the Central Appalachian Basin, a foreland basin. The basins are only separated by 140 km, but mined western Kentucky coal beds exhibit significantly higher sulfur values than eastern Kentucky coals. Higher-sulfur coal beds in western Kentucky have generally been inferred to be caused by more marine influences than for eastern Kentucky coals.Comparison of strata in the two coal fields shows that more strata and more coal beds accumulated in the Eastern than Western Kentucky Coal Field in the Early and Middle Pennsylvanian, inferred to represent greater generation of tectonic accommodation in the foreland basin. Eastern Kentucky coal beds exhibit a greater tendency toward splitting and occurring in zones than time-equivalent western Kentucky coal beds, which is also inferred to represent foreland accommodation influences, overprinted by autogenic sedimentation effects. Western Kentucky coal beds exhibit higher sulfur values than their eastern counterparts, but western Kentucky coals occurring in Langsettian through Bolsovian strata can be low in sulfur content. Eastern Kentucky coal beds may increase in sulfur content beneath marine zones, but generally are still lower in sulfur than mined Western Kentucky coal beds, indicating that controls other than purely marine influences must have influenced coal quality.The bulk of production in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field is from Duckmantian and Bolsovian coal beds, whereas production in the Western Kentucky Coal Field is from Westphalian D coals. Langsettian through Bolsovian paleoclimates in eastern Kentucky were favorable for peat doming, so numerous low-sulfur coals accumulated. These coals tend to occur in zones and are prone to lateral splitting because of foreland tectonic and sedimentation influences. In contrast, Westphalian D coal beds of western Kentucky accumulated during low differential tectonic accommodation, and therefore tend to be widespread and uniform in characteristics, but exhibit higher sulfur values because they accumulated in seasonally drier paleoclimates that were unfavorable for peat doming. Hence, basin analyses indicate that many differences between the mined coals of Kentucky's two coal fields are related to temporal changes in paleoclimate and tectonic accommodation, rather than solely being a function of marine influences. 相似文献