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1.
A study on DEM-derived primary topographic attributes for hydrologic applications: Sensitivity to elevation data resolution 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Primary topographic attributes play a critical role in determining watershed hydrologic characteristics for water resources modeling with raster-based digital elevation models (DEM). The effects of DEM resolution on a set of important topographic derivatives are examined in this study, including slope, upslope contributing area, flow length and watershed area. The focus of the study is on how sensitive each of the attributes is to the resolution uncertainty by considering the effects of overall terrain gradient and bias from resampling. Two case study watersheds of different gradient patterns are used with their 10 m USGS DEMs. A series of DEMs up to 200 m grid size are produced from the base DEMs using three commonly used resampling methods. All the terrain variables tested vary with the grid size change. It is found that slope angles decrease and contributing area values increase constantly as DEMs are aggregated progressively to coarser resolutions. No systematic trend is observed for corresponding changes of flow path and watershed area. The analysis also suggests that gradient profile of the watershed presents an important factor for the examined sensitivities to DEM resolution. 相似文献
2.
地形信息对确定DEM适宜分辨率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分辨率会直接影响基于栅格数字高程模型（DEM）的数字地形分析结果,因此在实际应用中,需要选择适宜的DEM分辨率。目前采取的基本方法,基于某种地形信息定量刻画尺度效应曲线,从而确定DEM适宜分辨率,但对于采用不同地形信息时所产生的影响尚缺乏研究。本文针对该方法中通常采用的坡度、剖面曲率、水平曲率等3 种地形信息,每种地形信息提取时,分别使用两种不同的常用算法,在3 个不同地形特征的研究区中,逐一计算其在不同分辨率下的局部方差均值,以刻画尺度效应曲线,确定相应的DEM适宜分辨率,并进行对比分析。结果表明：① 采用剖面曲率或水平曲率所得适宜分辨率结果基本相同,但采用坡度所得出的适宜分辨率结果则有明显差别,后者所得的适宜分辨率更粗;② 采用不同地形信息时,越是在平缓地形为主的研究区,所得的适宜分辨率结果越相近,在复合地形特征的研究区所得到的适宜分辨率区间均明显较宽;③ 地形属性计算时所用的算法对适宜分辨率结果的影响不明显。 相似文献
3.
J. GAO 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(8):875-890
This paper explores the quantitative relation between the reliability of slope aspect, gradient, and form mapped from a gridded DEM and the sampling interval (SI) of elevations. Grid DEMs initially interpolated from digitised contours at 10 m were sampled to five other resolution levels. The topographic variables mapped at these SIs were compared with those at 10 m. It is found that the reliability of mapped slope aspect and form is not significantly affected by SI. By comparison, the reliability of slope gradient is more susceptible to SI, especially if it is derived from a gently rolling terrain. Around 90% of the variation in the mapped slope aspect and gradient are accounted for by the inaccuracy of DEMs. A lower percentage exists for slope form. The stability of the mapped topographic variables can be reliably predicted from SI and terrain complexity. 相似文献
4.
TANGGuoan ZHAOMudan LITianwen LIUYongmei ZHANGTing 《地理学报(英文版)》2003,13(4):387-394
Slope is one of the crucial terrain variables in spatial analysis and land use planning, especially in the Loess Plateau area of China which is suffering from serious soil erosion. DEM based slope extracting method has been widely accepted and applied in practice. However slope accuracy derived from this method usually does not match with its popularity. A quantitative simulation to slope data uncertainty is important not only theoretically but also necessarily to applications. This paper focuses on how resolution and terrain complexity impact on the accuracy of mean slope extracted from DEMs of different resolutions in the Loess Plateau of China. Six typical geomorphologic areas are selected as test areas, representing different terrain types from smooth to rough. Their DEMs are produced from digitizing contours of 1:10,000 scale topographic maps. Field survey results show that 5 m should be the most suitable grid size for representing slope in the Loess Plateau area. Comparative and math-simulation methodology was employed for data processing and analysis. A linear correlativity between mean slope and DEM resolution was found at all test areas, but their regression coefficients related closely with the terrain complexity of the test areas. If taking stream channel density to represent terrain complexity, mean slope error could be regressed against DEM resolution (X) and stream channel density (S) at 8 resolution levels and expressed as(0.0015S2 0.031S-0.0325)X-0.0045S2-0.155S 0.1625, with a R2 value of over 0.98. Practical tests also show an effective result of this model in applications. The new development methodology applied in this study should be helpful to similar researches in spatial data uncertainty investigation. 相似文献
5.
不同分辨率DEM提取地面坡度的不确定性模拟:以在黄土高原的试验为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Slope is one of the crucial terrain variables in spatial analysis and land use planning,especially in the Loess Plateau area of China which is suffering from serious soil erosion. DEM based slope extracting method has been widely accepted and applied in practice. However slope accuracy derived from this method usually does not match with its popularity. A quantitative simulation to slope data uncertainty is important not only theoretically but also necessarily to applications. This paper focuses on how resolution and terrain complexity impact on the accuracy of mean slope extracted from DEMs of different resolutions in the Loess Plateau of China. Six typical geomorphologic areas are selected as test areas, representing different terrain types from smooth to rough. Their DEMs are produced from digitizing contours of 1:10,000 scale topographic maps. Field survey results show that 5 m should be the most suitable grid size for representing slope in the Loess Plateau area. Comparative and math-simulation methodology was employed for data processing and analysis. A linear correlativity between mean slope and DEM resolution was found at all test areas,but their regression coefficients related closely with the terrain complexity of the test areas. If taking stream channel density to represent terrain complexity, mean slope error could be regressed against DEM resolution (X) and stream channel density (S) at 8 resolution levels and expressed as (0.0015S2+0.031S-0.0325)X-0.0045S2-0.155S+0.1625, with a R2 value of over 0.98. Practical tests also show an effective result of this model in applications. The new development methodology applied in this study should be helpful to similar researches in spatial data uncertainty investigation. 相似文献
6.
Slope is one of the crucial terrain variables in spatial analysis and land use planning, especially in the Loess Plateau area of China which is suffering from serious soil erosion. DEM based slope extracting method has been widely accepted and applied in practice. However slope accuracy derived from this method usually does not match with its popularity. A quantitative simulation to slope data uncertainty is important not only theoretically but also necessarily to applications. This paper focuses on how resolution and terrain complexity impact on the accuracy of mean slope extracted from DEMs of different resolutions in the Loess Plateau of China. Six typical geomorphologic areas are selected as test areas, representing different terrain types from smooth to rough. Their DEMs are produced from digitizing contours of 1:10,000 scale topographic maps. Field survey results show that 5 m should be the most suitable grid size for representing slope in the Loess Plateau area. Comparative and math-simulation methodology was employed for data processing and analysis. A linear correlativity between mean slope and DEM resolution was found at all test areas, but their regression coefficients related closely with the terrain complexity of the test areas. If taking stream channel density to represent terrain complexity, mean slope error could be regressed against DEM resolution (X) and stream channel density (S) at 8 resolution levels and expressed as (0.0015S2+0.031S-0.0325)X-0.0045S2-0.155S+0.1625, with a R2 value of over 0.98. Practical tests also show an effective result of this model in applications. The new development methodology applied in this study should be helpful to similar researches in spatial data uncertainty investigation. 相似文献
7.
本文分别利用光学立体和In SAR技术生成了东南极Grove山地区15 m分辨率的ASTER DEM和20 m分辨率的In SAR DEM。在利用ASTER立体像对生成DEM的过程中引入ICESat测高数据作为高程控制以减少错误匹配,提高DEM垂直精度;而在利用ERS tandem数据生成DEM后,选取ICESat测高数据对In SAR DEM进行倾斜面纠正,以消除基线不精确估计等带来的影响。通过与未作控制的ICESat测高数据进行比较,评价了两种DEM的精度并对误差进行了分析。同时,比较了两种DEM的差异,并分析了造成这些差异的原因,探讨了两种技术生成南极冰盖DEM的优势和不足。最后结合两DEM的优势,融合生成了Grove山地区高精度的DEM。 相似文献
8.
9.
1 Introduction Automated extraction of drainage features from DEMs is an effective alternative to the tedious manual mapping from topographic maps. The derived hydrologic characteristics include stream-channel networks, delineation of catchment boundaries, catchment area, catchment length, stream-channel long profiles and stream order etc. Other important characteristics of river catchments, such as the stream-channel density, stream-channel bifurcation ratios, stream-channel order, number… 相似文献
10.
DEM提取黄土高原地面坡度的不确定性 总被引：72，自引：0，他引：72
选择陕北黄土高原6个典型地貌类型区为试验样区,采用野外实测及高精度的1:1万比例尺DEM为基准数据,研究栅格分辨率及地形粗糙度对DEM所提取地面平均坡度精度的影响。结果显示,对于1:1万比例尺DEM,5 m是保证该地区地形描述精度的理想分辨率尺度;多要素逐步回归模拟的方法进一步揭示了DEM所提取的地面平均坡度误差E与栅格分辨率X以及地形起伏的代表性因子-沟壑密度S之间存在的量化关系为E = (0.0015S2+0.031S-0.0325)X-0.0045S2-0.155S+0.1625,该结果也为确定适用的DEM分辨率提供了理论依据。 相似文献
11.
Hydrologic data derived from digital elevation models (DEM) has been regarded as an effective method in the spatial analysis of geographical information systems (GIS). However, both DEM resolution and terrain complexity has impacts on the accuracy of hydrologic derivatives. In this study, a multi-resolution and multi-relief comparative approach was used as a major methodology to investigate the accuracy of hydrologic data derived from DEMs. The experiment reveals that DEM terrain representation error affects the accuracy of DEM hydrological derivatives (drainage networks and watershed etc.). Coarser DEM resolutions can usually cause worse results. However, uncertain result commonly exists in this calculation. The derivative errors can be found closely related with DEM vertical resolution and terrain roughness. DEM vertical resolution can be found closely related with the accuracy of DEM hydrological derivatives, especially in the smooth plain area. If the mean slope is less than 4 degrees, the derived hydrologic data are usually unreliable. This result may be helpful in estimating the accuracy of the hydrologic derivatives and determining the DEM resolution that is appropriate to the accuracy requirement of a particular user. By applying a threshold value to subset the cells of a higher accumulation flow, a stream network of a specific network density can be extracted. Some very important geomorphologic characteristics, e.g., shallow and deep gullies, can be separately extracted by means of adjusting the threshold value. However, such a flow accumulationbased processing method can not correctly derive those streams that pass through the working area because it is hard to accumulate enough flow direction values to express the stream channels at the stream's entrance area. Consequently, errors will definitely occur at the stream’s entrance area. In addition, erroneous derivatives can also be found in deriving some particular rivers, e.g., perched (hanging up) rivers, anastomosing rivers and braided rivers. Therefore, more work should be done to develop and perfect the algorithms. 相似文献
12.
T. Edwin Chow Michael E. Hodgson 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(10):1277-1295
This paper examines the effect of scale (exhibited by spatial sampling) in modeling mean slope from lidar data using two representations of scale: lidar posting density (i.e. post‐spacing) and DEM resolution (i.e. cell size). The study areas selected include six small (i.e. approximately 3 km2) urban drainage basins in Richland County, SC, USA, which share similar hydrologic characteristics. This research spatially sampled an airborne lidar dataset collected in 2000 at a 2 m nominal posting density to simulate lidar posting density at various post‐spacings, from 2 m through 10 m. DEMs were created from the lidar observations at a corresponding cell size using spatial interpolation. Finally, using these DEMs, a sensitivity analysis between modeled terrain slope and lidar post‐spacing was conducted. Results of the sensitivity analyses showed that the deviation between mean slope and modeled mean slope decreases with finer posting density and DEM resolution. The relationship of mean slope with varying cell sizes and post‐spacing suggests a linear and a logarithmic function, respectively, for all study areas. More importantly, cell size has a greater effect on mean slope than lidar posting density. Implications of these results for lumped hydrologic modeling are then postulated. 相似文献
13.
数字地形分析在滑坡研究中的应用综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
高效的数字地形分析（Digital Terrain Analysis,DTA）是滑坡预测与评估研究的重要手段。文章综述了DTA在滑坡研究中的应用现状,基本内容包括地形因子分析、地形形态分析、地形单元划分以及DEM与滑坡模型的结合分析。地形因子分析的应用多而广,主要思路是在地形因子与滑坡发育的关系研究基础上分析其滑坡敏感性,进而构建滑坡预测和评估模型;地形形态分析是滑坡识别的重要手段,加强地貌形态和滑坡发育的关系研究有助于对潜在滑坡地形的识别;地形单元划分能为滑坡研究提供统计和分析单元;DEM与滑坡专业模型的结合方式多样,程度各异。同时,从尺度选择与转换的角度探讨了DTA滑坡研究的尺度问题,分析了DTA的局限性,指出DEM不能提供完备无误的地形信息,DTA不能完全取代常规的地形分析。最后,基于以上论述对未来的研究趋势提出了展望。 相似文献
14.
基于不同DEM数据源的数字河网提取对比分析——以韩江流域为例 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
基于HYDRO1K、SRTM3和ASTER GDEM三种DEM数据,利用BTOPMC地形子模型提取韩江流域河网,并作对比分析。结果表明:①SRTM3提取的河网精度最高,HYDRO1K相对最低。②DEM的垂直精度对提取的河网精度起控制作用。ASTER GDEM的水平分辨率较高,但垂直精度不如SRTM3,因而提取的河网精度不如SRTM3。③HYDRO1K提取大尺度流域河网具有一定的精度,但在地势平坦区域的效果较差,HY-DRO1K不宜用来提取小尺度流域河网。④由DEM提取的数字河网精度与当地的地面坡度以及处理DEM的填洼算法有关。 相似文献
15.
Drainage density, slope angle, and relative basin position in Japanese bare lands from high-resolution DEMs 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Relationships between drainage density and slope angle for three bare lands in Japan were analyzed with special attention to channels at early erosion stages and channels in a badland-type terrain. Two of the bare lands were caused by volcanic eruptions 1 or 30–40 years ago, and the other one is a landslide scar formed more than 100 years ago. Raster digital elevation models (DEMs) with a 1-m resolution and ortho aerial photos were generated using digital photogrammetry to enable detailed stream-net extraction and topographic analyses. Data for drainage density, slope angle, and relative height for 88 subwatersheds were obtained from the DEMs and derived stream-nets. The relationship between drainage density and slope angle for each subwatershed can be divided into two types: downward sloping and convex upward. Although previous studies suggested that drainage density positively correlates with slope angle if overland flow is dominant, this correlation seldom occurs in the study areas. The two types of drainage density–slope angle relationships correspond to differing channelization stages that reflect the extension and integration of existing channels, as well as the formation of new low-order streams in response to base-level lowering. The location of subwatersheds within each study area seems to play a major role in determining the stages of channel development and, in turn, the types of drainage density–slope angle relationships. 相似文献
16.
起伏地形下黄河流域太阳直接辐射分布式模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1 Introduction Directsolarradiation (DSR)isthe key com ponentofthe globalradiation reaching the Earth.For the influence of terrain factors,calculation of DSR quantity of rugged terrain is considerably com plex (Oliphantetal.,2003). The solarradiation quan… 相似文献
17.
Helena Mitasova Jaroslav Hofierka Maros Zlocha Louis R. Iverson 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(5):629-641
Abstract Modelling of erosion and deposition in complex terrain within a geographical information system (GIS) requires a high resolution digital elevation model (DEM), reliable estimation of topographic parameters, and formulation of erosion models adequate for digital representation of spatially distributed parameters. Regularized spline with tension was integrated within a GIS for computation of DEMs and topographic parameters from digitized contours or other point elevation data. For construction of flow lines and computation of upslope contributing areas an algorithm based on vector-grid approach was developed. The spatial distribution of areas with topographic potential for erosion or deposition was then modelled using the approach based on the unit stream power and directional derivatives of surface representing the sediment transport capacity. The methods presented are illustrated on study areas in central Illinois and the Yakima Ridge, Washington. 相似文献
18.
基于数字高程模型(DEM)数据和气象站观测资料建立了起伏地形下太阳直接辐射分布式计算模型,模型充分考虑了地形因子(坡向、坡度、地形相互遮蔽)对起伏地形下太阳直接辐射空间分布的影响;以1km×1km分辨率的DEM数据作为地形的综合反映,计算了起伏地形下黄河流域1km×1km分辨率太阳直接辐射的空间分布;深入分析了起伏地形下太阳直接辐射受地理、地形因子影响的变化规律.结果表明受地形起伏和坡向、坡度等局地地形因子的影响,山区年太阳直接辐射量的空间差异比较明显,向阳山坡(偏南坡)的年直接辐射量明显高于背阴山坡(偏北坡). 相似文献
19.
地形分析与地理信息系统在水文地貌学中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文阐述了利用地理信息系统进行大面积及高分辨率的地形分布方面的最新进展，并且讨论了一些由地理信息系统获得地形参数的规律，并提供了作者本人的一些设想。 相似文献
20.
JAY GAO 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):199-212
This paper examines the impact of DEM resolution on the accuracy of terrain representation and of the gradient determined. The DEMs of three terrain types with diverse complexities were constructed from digitizing contours and then kriging. The accuracy (RMSE) of the DEMs was regressed against contour density (D) and DEM resolution (S) at six resolution levels. It is found that RMSE may be expressed as (7.274 1.666S)D/1000 with an R value of 0.9659. The representation accuracy decreases moderately at an intermediate resolution, but sharply at coarse resolutions for all three terrain types. Resolution reduction profoundly affects the gradient determined from the DEM. While exerting little influence on mean gradient, resolution significantly affects the standard deviation of gradient, especially for a simple terrain. The results obtained in this study may be used to determine the DEM resolution that is appropriate to the accuracy requirements of a particular user. 相似文献