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1.
The Xihu Depression in the East China Sea Shelf Basin is a large petroliferous sedimentary depression, in which oil and gas reservoirs were mainly discovered in the Pinghu Slope and the central inversion zone. The oil-gas source correlation in the Xihu Depression was analyzed by hydrocarbon generating thermal simulation data via gold-tube pyrolysis experiments. The results indicated that the oil and gas in the Xihu Depression were mainly derived from coal measure source rocks of the Eocene Pinghu Formation. Therefore, the identification of coal seams is extremely crucial for evaluating coal measure source rocks in the Pinghu Formation in the Xihu Depression. Geochemical and petrological characterization pointed to input of terrigenous organic matter and redox conditions of the depositional environment as factors that govern the ability of the coal measure source rocks in hydrocarbon generation in the Xihu Depression. In this regard, the sedimentary organic facies in the Pinghu Formation were classified into four predominantly terrigenous and one mixed-source subfacies, which all varied in carbon and hydrogen content. The coal measure source rocks in the carbon- and hydrogen-rich tidal flat-lagoon exhibited the highest hydrocarbon generation potential, whereas the mudstone in the neritic facies was the poorest in its hydrocarbon yield. These results suggested that the coal measure source rocks in the Pinghu Formation likely developed in the Hangzhou Slope and the Tiantai Slope, both representing promising sources for oil and gas exploration.  相似文献   

2.
This study aims at investigating hydrocarbon generation potential and biological organic source for the Tertiary coal-bearing source rocks of Pinghu Formation (middle-upper Eocene) in Xihu depression, East China Sea shelf basin. Another goal is to differentiate coal and mudstone with respect to their geochemical properties. The coal-bearing sequence has a variable organofacies and is mainly gas-prone. The coals and carbonaceous mudstones, in comparison with mudstones, have a higher liquid hydrocarbon generation potential, as reflected by evidently higher HI values (averaging 286 mg HC/g C) and H/C atomic ratios (round 0.9). The molecular composition in the coal-bearing sequence is commonly characterized by unusually abundant diterpenoid alkanes, dominant C29 sterane over C27 and C28 homologues and high amount of terrigenous-related aromatic biomarkers such as retene, cadalene and 1, 7-dimethylphenanthrene, indicating a predominantly terrigenous organic source. The source rocks show high Pr/Ph ratios ranging mostly from 3.5 to 8.5 and low MDBTs/MDBFs ratios (<1.0), indicating deposition in an oxic swamp-lacustrine environment. The coals and carbonaceous mudstones could be differentiated from the grey mudstones by facies-dependent biomarker parameters such as relative sterane concentration and gammacerane index and carbon isotope composition. Isotope and biomarker analysis indicate the genetic correlation between the Pinghu source rocks and the oils found in Xihu depression. Moreover, most oils seem to be derived from the coal as well as carbonaceous mudstone.  相似文献   

3.
西湖凹陷平湖斜坡带始新统平湖组层序地层   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
运用高分辨率层序地层学的理论和技术,以钻井、测井、地震资料为基础,对西湖凹陷平湖斜坡带始新统平湖组进行了层序地层研究。研究区向上“变深”的非对称型短期旋回层序最为发育,反映了研究区在平湖组沉积时期处于距物源区较近或物源供给较充分的环境下;中期旋回以发育上升半旋回沉积厚度大于下降半旋回的不对称型旋回为主,层序分界面两侧为有利砂体发育的部位;在不同级次基准面旋回层序划分的基础上,建立了以中期旋回为时间-地层对比单元的钻（测）井高分辨率层序地层格架。  相似文献   

4.
东海西湖凹陷浙东中央背斜带烃源岩生排烃史研究   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  
为了深化西湖凹陷浙东中央背斜带油气成藏过程的研究，优化勘探目标选择，在烃源岩特征分析的基础上，应用动态数值模拟技术，定量恢复了研究区主要烃源岩层系的生排烃历史，研究表明，浙东中央背斜带主要发育4套烃源岩系，其中始新统平湖组泥岩与煤层为主力烃源岩，具较高的有机质丰度=生烃强度与排烃效率，烃类排出具阶段性、多期次幕式排烃的特点汉平湖组为源岩的油气系统应是本区油气勘探的主要目标。  相似文献   

5.
Interest in factors controlling lacustrine source rock deposition has increased over the last few decades because this type of deposits contain significant petroleum resources. Generally, tectonic subsidence and climate are the two root causes as they control the accommodation potential, water column properties and sources of organic matter. In this study, coupling organic geochemical and elemental geochemical data, two potential source rocks, i.e., the Eocene Wenchang Formation (E2w) and Oligocene Enping Formation (E3e) were investigated. Two models were finally raised to explain deposition of the two set of source rocks according to their paleoclimatic and tectonic properties. The source rock potential shows a strong heterogeneity. The second member of the Eocene Wenchang Formation (E2w2) is characterized by high organic matter content and oil-prone kerogen type. In contrast, the first member of the Eocene Wenchang Formation (E2w1) and the Oligocene Enping formation (E3e) are characterized by low organic matter content and gas-prone kerogen type. The primary productivity and depositional environment exhibit notable differences between the two potential source rocks horizons and show an obvious variation from the depocenter to the slope and can be best explained by the coevolution of tectonic subsidence and climate. During the E2w depositional stage, low sediment supply led to mudstone deposited in deep lacustrine environment and resulted in underfilled lake basin. The low water inflow provided little terrigenous organic matter (low bicadinane, perylene and floranthene contents) and oxygen. Besides, the low area/depth ratio impeded the water circulation, thus resulted in shallow thermocline and anoxic-suboxic bottom environment (abundant dibenzothiophene and high C35/C3122S hopane ratios). Therefore abundant algae, which contributed to the high amorphous organic matter (AOM) content, can be preserved. The warm and wet climate (high Mn/Mg ratios) gave birth to autochthonous organism, such as dinoflagellates and Pavlova gyrans (abundant 4-methyl sterane). During the E3e depositional stage, the sufficient sedimentary supply resulted in expanding, shallow lacustrine and swamp environment. The higher area/depth ratio and high sediment supply made environment unstable and can be strongly influenced by external environment (broader range of Mn/Mg ratios). Enough terrigenous organic matter (TOM) was transported to the slope but little to the depocenter. The slightly hot and dry climate (low Mn/Mg ratios) led to decreasing autochthonous organism and evaporation environment. The shallow water depth and relative dry climate resulted in saline, suboxic-dysoxic acid bottom environment. The co-variation of organic and inorganic indexes indicates the combination is a valid method in reconstructing source rock depositional models.  相似文献   

6.
Source rock formation influenced by river-delta system, especially in continental margin basins, is still poorly understood. This article aimed to reveal the effect of river-delta system on the formation of the source rock by taking the Baiyun Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin for example. Paleo-Pearl River began to develop since the Enping Formation, providing abundant organic matter beneficial for the formation of the source rocks in the Baiyun Sag. The main controlling factor of source rock formation in the Baiyun Sag is terrestrial organic matter supply rather than the paleoproductivity or redox conditions. Low Al/Ti and P/Ti ratios suggest low marine productivity, which may be associated with a large number of terrigenous detritus input, occupying about 43.04%–94.91%. There is a positive correlation between the oleanane/C30hopane ratio and the TOC value, showing that terrigenous organic matter controls the source rock formation. The size of the delta below Pearl River estuary determines the extent of terrestrial organic matter supply. Source rocks with high organic matter abundance mainly formed in delta environment, and those in neritic environment in Enping and Zhuhai Formations also have high TOC values as a result of adequate terrestrial organic matter supply.  相似文献   

7.
Sediment dynamical processes began to be systematically monitored in the west coast of Korea facing the eastern Yellow Sea in the 1990s. The early investigations were largely conducted aboard vessels that provided results where the resolution was highly restricted in both temporal and spatial aspects. However, full-fledged autonomous instruments introduced early in the 2000s allowed for a quantum leap in the level of this sub-field of sedimentology. The investigated sites include various environments such as estuaries, bays, tidal flats, beaches, and offshore deposits. Among them, a total of seven sites were selected for the review: Han estuary, Daeho tidal flats, Garolim Bay, Saemangeum Region, Byunsan Beach, Gomso Bay, and Huksan Mud Belt. The major results from each site were briefly summarized. The summary clearly demonstrates that wind-generated currents and waves particularly during winter should be carefully considered in interpreting sedimentary environments. This is because winter-season processes interrupt or actively displace much of the sediments worked by tidal currents in the remaining seasons. The summary hence suggests that seasonal investigations of sediment dynamics are necessary to understand shallow-water sedimentation in the west coast of Korea that is governed complicatedly by two major forcing agents: waves and tidal currents.  相似文献   

8.
本研究旨在揭示九龙江口潮滩有机质含量及其来源的时空分异规律,寻找有效识别潮滩沉积环境的有机碳指标,以便更好地将有机碳应用于河口沉积微相识别和古环境研究。在九龙江口潮滩不同地貌单元,于夏季和冬季采集41个表层沉积物,进行粒度、总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)和稳定碳同位素(δ13C)测试。结果显示：从高潮滩至低潮滩,沉积物粒度逐渐变粗,TOC、TN和C/N变小,δ13C值偏正。高潮滩有机质来源以陆源和红树林贡献为主,中潮滩以海源和互花米草贡献为主,低潮滩以海源贡献为主。九龙江口潮滩有机质的分布和来源受控于河口陆海相互作用的季节变化、潮滩沉积动力分异和潮滩植被分布。高潮滩与中–低潮滩之间,TOC存在显著性差异,TN、δ13C存在极显著性差异,因此参数组合TOC、TN和δ13C可作为高潮滩与中–低潮滩的有效判别指标。  相似文献   

9.
本文旨在厘清东海盆地X凹陷Y气田天然气成因,建立成藏模式,以指导下步勘探部署。本文从天然气组分、烷烃气碳同位素、轻烃、凝析油生物标志化合物等分析入手,系统研究了油气成因类型及来源,并结合构造演化史、生烃史分析,建立了Y气田成藏模式,提出了大中型气田的勘探方向。主要认识如下：（1）天然气组分碳同位素、轻烃和埋藏史分析表明,Y气田天然气为凹中始新统平湖组烃源岩在龙井运动期（距今13 Ma）生成的高成熟煤型气;（2）凝析油姥鲛烷/植烷、规则甾烷等特征,反映了凹中区平湖组烃源岩发育于弱氧化-弱还原潮坪、潟湖沉积环境,生烃母质中存在一定数量的低等水生生物;（3）Y气田具有“凹中区平湖组烃源岩、花港组大型水道砂储集体、挤压构造作用”时空耦合的成藏模式,明确了凹中挤压背斜带是X凹陷大中型气田勘探的主攻方向。  相似文献   

10.
深入理解气候变化影响下海洋动力过程变化及其多重环境效应,是了解海岸海洋系统未来演化趋势的重要途径。因此,本文在辽东半岛东岸泥质区取柱状样一根,通过沉积物粒度、TOC/TN含量、δ13C以及δ15N等指标,分析气候变化下山东半岛北岸跨锋面物质输运强度变化,及其对辽东半岛东岸泥质区沉积有机质含量和来源的影响。结果表明,高海面时期以来,山东半岛北岸跨锋面物质输运可分为两个变化阶段：6.5～2.9 cal ka BP,其强度随冬季风和黄海暖流的不断减弱而减弱;2.9 cal ka BP至今,由于冬季风较弱而黄海暖流总体强盛,其强度随黄海暖流的波动而呈现4段式的复杂变化。此外,辽东半岛东岸泥质区陆源和海源有机质含量与其强度呈正相关,相应于跨锋面物质输运强度的变化,6.5～2.9 cal ka BP期间,陆源和海源有机质含量持续减少,而2.9 cal ka BP至今则呈现复杂的4段式变化。总体上看,自6.5 cal ka BP以来,陆源有机质贡献率不断下降而海源有机质贡献率逐渐上升。  相似文献   

11.
赵一飞  徐敏  刘晴  舒强  王平 《海洋学报》2021,43(8):66-80
苏北辐射沙洲是分布于江苏岸外的典型沉积堆积体,受长江、黄河泥沙供给和近岸潮流动力的共同影响,发育了典型的粉砂淤泥质潮滩,沉积物元素可以记录潮滩环境变化的重要信息。在辐射沙洲岸滩采集了3个短柱沉积物岩芯,建立可靠的年代框架,采用高分辨率XRF元素扫描仪进行地球化学元素测试,选用XRF信号强度高的14种元素进行聚类和相关性方法提取环境信息,研究过去百年尺度人类活动和海岸环境变化下的苏北辐射沙洲岸滩沉积环境变化。结果表明,该区典型潮滩剖面岩芯沉积物中Si、Ca、As和Fe元素相对含量较高,且自北向南其含量不断增加,Mn、Ba、Cu和Zn元素含量较低,在所有剖面含量变化不大。在垂向上,Si、Ca和Fe元素变化趋势一致,而Ni、Zn和S元素在不同柱状岩芯中呈现与Si、Ca和Fe相反的变化趋势。相关关系和聚类分析显示,Si、Ca和Fe元素之间具有较高的相关性,即具有近似的地球化学行为和一致的物质来源;与元素Ni、Cu和Zn呈负相关,暗示了这几种元素与前者具有不同的地球化学行为。苏北辐射沙洲潮滩沉积物沉积环境发生了明显变化且在不同区域呈现不同的变化规律,物质来源、水动力环境、人类活动等因素是导致沉积环境变化的主要原因。  相似文献   

12.
Distributions of the parameters of sedimentary grain sizes and their correlations were studied to trace the sources of silts and their movement trends in the Zhujiang River Estuary based on the analyses of grain sizes from more than 1080 sedimentary samples. The distributions of the median diameter, public value, quartile deviation, and skewness of sediments were complex in the Zhuiiang River Estuary mainly because of the impact of the matter source regions, distances from the source regions, and hydrodynamic conditions, such as waves, tidal currents, and coastal currents. Analyses of the parameters of the grain sizes for the various types of sediments showed that the distributions of the surface sediments in the Zhujiang River Estuary were controlled by many factors. Their matter sources were mainly the sediments discharged from the runoffs and ebb tidal currents, and from the open sea. The sediments mainly moved by suspension movement. The silts formed a large area of sediments with suspended fine silts in the Zhujiang River Estuary by internal adjustment transportation in the area, and moved toward the western coast of the Zhujiang River Estuary under the effect of Coriolis forces and coastal currents.  相似文献   

13.
Massive mudrock refers to mudrock with internally homogeneous characteristics and an absence of laminae. Previous studies were primarily conducted in the marine environment, while notably few studies have investigated lacustrine massive mudrock. Based on core observation in the lacustrine environment of the Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China, massive mudrock is a common deep water fine-grained sedimentary rock. There are two types of massive mudrock. Both types are sharply delineated at the bottom and top contacts, abundant in angular terrigenous debris, and associated with oxygen-rich (higher than 2 ml O2/L H2O) but lower water salinities in comparison to adjacent black shales. In addition, type 1 is laterally isolated and contains abundant sand injections and contorted layers formed in the depositional process, but type 2 exactly distributes in the distal part of deep water gravity-driven sandstone units, and shows scoured bases, high-angle mineral crytsals, and fining-upward trend. It is suggested that type 1 is a muddy mass transport deposit (MMTD) formed by slide, slump, and/or debris flow, and type 2 is a turbiditic mudrock deposited by settling from dilute turbidity currents. A warm and humid climate and high subsidence rate are two main triggering events. Because of its mass movement nature, MMTD preserves the mineralogic composition and organic matter characteristics of the source sediment. By contrast, dilute turbidity currents are able to greatly entrain biochemically-formed micrite and planktonic organisms from the water column, and deposit them in the turbiditic mudrock. Because of their different ability to deposit organic matter, MMTD have poor or fair source rock potential, but the turbiditic mudrock is able to be a potentially effective source rock. The minerals in the massive mudrock are disorganized and chaotic, which cause fractures to develop in various directions, thereby, enhancing the vertical migration of oil and gas molecules to horizontal wellbore in shale reservoir exploitation.  相似文献   

14.
Deposition of organic rich black shales and dark gray limestones in the Berriasian-Turonian interval has been documented in many parts of the world. The Early Cretaceous Garau Formation is well exposed in Lurestan zone in Iran and is composed of organic-rich shales and argillaceous limestones. The present study focuses on organic matter characterization and source rock potential of the Garau Formations in central part of Lurestan zone. A total of 81 core samples from 12 exploratory wells were subjected to detailed geochemical analyses. These samples have been investigated to determine the type and origin of the organic matter as well as their petroleum-generation potential by using Rock-Eval/TOC pyrolysis, GC and GCMS techniques. The results showed that TOC content ranges from 0.5 to 4.95 percent, PI and Tmax values are in the range of 0.2 and 0.6, and 437 and 502 °C. Most organic matter is marine in origin with sub ordinary amounts of terrestrial input suggesting kerogen types II-III and III. Measured vitrinite reflectance (Rrandom%) values varying between 0.78 and 1.21% indicating that the Garau sediments are thermally mature and represent peak to late stage of hydrocarbon generation window. Hydrocarbon potentiality of this formation is assessed fair to very good capable of generating chiefly gas and some oil. Biomarker characteristics are used to provide information about source and maturity of organic matter input and depositional environment. The relevant data include normal alkane and acyclic isoprenoids, distribution of the terpane and sterane aliphatic biomarkers. The Garau Formation is characterized by low Pr/Ph ratio (<1.0), high concentrations of C27 regular steranes and the presence of tricyclic terpanes. These data indicated a carbonate/shale source rock containing a mixture of aquatic (algal and bacterial) organic matter with a minor terrigenous organic matter contribution that was deposited in a marine environment under reducing conditions. The results obtained from biomarker characteristics also suggest that the Garau Formation is thermally mature which is in agreement with the results of Rock-Eval pyrolysis.  相似文献   

15.
华南陆缘出露的上三叠统-白垩系,累计厚度超过10 000m,露头调查未见油苗,烃源岩主要为泥岩、碳质泥岩和煤线,有机质类型以Ⅱ-Ⅲ型为主。上三叠统小水组,发育较深水的海相、Ⅱ型良好烃源岩,TOC为1.17%～5.43%;下侏罗统桥源组发育海陆过渡环境的Ⅲ型良好烃源岩,TOC为1.36%～10.37%;下侏罗统其他层系(金鸡组、银瓶山组、上龙水组、长埔组、吉水门组)发育浅海-半深海相的中等-好的烃源岩,TOC为0.5%～1.76%。烃源岩均已处于成熟-过成熟阶段。小水组、蓝塘群烃源岩品质良好,厚度巨大,在南海北部海域开展中生界烃源岩研究时,值得重点关注是否有与之相当的烃源岩层系发育。  相似文献   

16.
The early Miocene Pedregoso Formation is one of the numerous formations rich in organic matter within the stratigraphic record of the Urumaco Trough, in the central area of the Falcón Basin. Due to its lithological characteristics and stratigraphic position, this formation is of great interest regarding the basin's petroliferous systems. The evaluation of various inorganic and organic geochemical parameters indicates that the organic matter is primarily of marine origin, deposited in a marine carbonate environment typical of reefal systems, under oxic-to-dysoxic conditions. The low variability in the TOC concentrations and in the distributions of the biomarkers extracted from the samples suggests that the paleoenvironmental conditions and the organic-matter supply remained approximately constant throughout the sedimentation of this unit. The Pedregoso type-II organic matter (marine origin) and initial organic richness value (∼1.8%) suggest that this unit has probably generated hydrocarbons within the Urumaco Trough. However, present-day thermal maturity parameters reveal that the Pedregoso organic matter is overmature (dry gas window), indicating that this unit is only capable to generate gas. In addition, the geothermal gradient, maturity parameters, and the maximum paleotemperature estimated in this study suggest that the Pedregoso Formation reached a maximum burial depth the ∼6.5 km, consistent with the value obtained from data of stratigraphic thickness in the Urumaco Trough. This implies that the thermal anomaly that affected the basin during the Late Eocene–Early Miocene did not reach the central part of the basin, and therefore, the organic matter maturation in this unit is due to the sedimentary burial.  相似文献   

17.
Multi-annual sedimentological observations on tidal-flat sediments were carried out in Hampyong Bay, southeastern Yellow Sea, to infer the budget of modern muddy sediments in the bay. Sedimentation rates over a four-year period show contrasting types of seasonal sedimentary cycles occurring in the tidal flats within the elongated bay. Both sides of the bay are largely sheltered from winter waves, resulting in surface mud deposition during winter and erosion during summer. In contrast, tidal flats along the head of the bay are influenced by winter waves, resulting in a reversed trend where erosion occurs during winter and deposition during summer. Tidal flats near the bay-mouth, however, show a sedimentary cycle disrupted by the construction of sea walls undergoing consistent erosion throughout the observational period. The shoreline artificially straightened seems to cause tidal currents to bypass the tidal flat and hence to be much stronger. These differences in sedimentary cycles suggest the critical importance of the orientation of tidal flats relative to the propagating direction (from N–NW) of the monsoon winter-storm waves on the tidal-flat sedimentation in the eastern coastal area of the Yellow Sea. The preliminary budget estimation for the tidal-flat mud suggests that the tidal flats in Hampyong Bay are subject to the slight but consistent erosion as a whole.  相似文献   

18.
Palynological and biomarker characteristics of organic facies recovered from Cretaceous–Miocene well samples in the Ras El Bahar Oilfield, southwest Gulf of Suez, and their correlation with lithologies, environments of deposition and thermal maturity have provided a sound basis for determining their source potential for hydrocarbons. In addition to palynofacies analysis, TOC/Rock-Eval pyrolysis, kerogen concentrates, bitumen extraction, carbon isotopes and saturated and aromatic biomarkers enable qualitative and quantitative assessments of sedimentary organic matter to be made. The results obtained from Rock-Eval pyrolysis and molecular biomarker data indicate that most of the samples come from horizons that have fair to good hydrocarbon generation potential in the study area. The Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene-Lower Eocene samples contain mostly Type-II to Type-III organic matter with the capability of generating oil and gas. The sediments concerned accumulated in dysoxic–anoxic marine environments. By contrast, the Miocene rocks yielded mainly Type-III and Type-II/III organic matter with mainly gas-generating potential. These rocks reflect deposition in a marine environment into which there was significant terrigenous input. Three palynofacies types have been recognized. The first (A) consists of Type-III gas-prone kerogen and is typical of the Early–Middle Miocene Belayim, Kareem and upper Rudeis formations. The second (B) has mixed oil and gas features and characterizes the remainder of the Rudeis Formation. The third association (C) is dominated by amorphous organic matter, classified as borderline Type-II oil-prone kerogen, and is typical of the Matulla (Turonian–Santonian) and Wata (Turonian) formations. Rock-Eval Tmax, PI, hopane and sterane biomarkers consistently indicate an immature to early mature stage of thermal maturity for the whole of the studied succession.  相似文献   

19.
This study briefly investigated sediment transport by tidal currents in Gomso Bay, on the mid-west coast of Korea during the summer season. Hydrodynamic measurements with benthic tripods (TISDOSs) show that near-bed suspended sediments are transported toward the bay mouth along the low-water line of tidal flats in the southern part of the bay, while they are directed offshore in front of the major tidal channel at the bay mouth according to tidal asymmetry. However, suspended sediments in the main body of sea water, observed from transect and anchor-site measurements, indicate a consistent incoming toward the uppermost tidal flats. A brief episode of relatively strong winds from the west and southeast displays that wind waves can yield the near-bed suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) overwhelming the SSC by tidal currents alone in the remaining duration.  相似文献   

20.
The quantity and the source of organic matter preserved in the Recent turbiditic channel-levees systems around 4000 m-depth off the Congo River were determined using bulk geochemical approaches (Rock-Eval, elemental and isotopic analyses) as well as molecular and optical analyses on selected samples. These mud-rich sediments contain high amount of organic matter (3% Corg on average), the origin of which is a mixture of terrestrial higher-plant debris and deeply oxidized phytoplanktonic material. Although the relative contribution of continental source versus marine source of the organic matter cannot be precisely quantified, the continental fraction appears significant (at least 70–80%) especially for such depths and distances from the coast. The organic matter distribution appears very homogeneous at different scales, from the single turbiditic event to the entire levee, and changes in accumulation rates have a little impact on the quantity and quality of preserved organic matter.  相似文献   

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