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1.
The article aims at showing the differences in concentration of pollutants that are contained in the samples of fog and/or low cloud water in comparison with the water from rime. The results follow from the fog and rime measurements made at Mt. Mileovka (eské Stedohoí Mountains). They are compared with the results of other studies that also report the differences in fog and rime chemistry.  相似文献   

2.
A working model of tectono-sedimentary evolution is proposed for the Cheb Basin, a polyhistory sedimentary basin formed between the late Oligocene and Pliocene by reactivation of basement fracture systems in the northwestern part of the Bohemian Massif. The basin is located at the intersection of the Ohe (Eger) Graben structural domain, characterized by dominance of NE-striking graben systems in present-day geology, and the NW-striking Cheb-Domalice Graben, a major strike-slip – dominated structure in Western Bohemia. The first significant depositional episode in the Cheb Basin coincides with the deposition of late Oligocene-Miocene clastics in the whole extensional system of the Ohe Graben, controlled by E-W – trending depocenters. The main structural feature of the Cheb Basin region at that time was a palaeohigh caused by a NW- trending accommodation zone separating minor E-W – trending depocentres. The second, late Pliocene, episode of sedimentation occurred under a very different kinematic regime than the Oligo-Miocene rift basin evolution. During this time, the present-day structure of the Cheb Basin and the Cheb-Domalice Graben formed as a consequence of sinistral displacement on the Mariánské Lázn Fault Zone. Reactivation of this strike-slip fault zone led to the formation of a horsetail splay of oblique-extensional faults at the northern termination of the Mariánské Lázn Fault Zone, which contained the present-day Cheb Basin.  相似文献   

3.
Summary The experimental results on the initial condensation stage simulating droplet spectrum formation in the 3200 m3 volume chamber are presented. In the chamber the air was cooled at the velocities corresponding to those of the upstreamu z 15–120 cm/s. From the measurements of condensation nuclei-supersaturation spectra and the droplet concentrationN of the developing fog at givenu z maximum supersaturation values max , which do not exceed 1·10–3 atu z 15 cm/s and 6·10–3 atu z 100 cm/s, are estimated. The experimental valuesN and max are compared with the computed ones on the basis of regular condensation theory at the initial stage of cloud formation, when the droplet diffusion growth is considered. Experimental valuesN and max appeared to be greater than the computed ones. The experimentally obtained dependencesN (u z ) and max N (u z ) are approximated satisfactorily by degree functions, but exponents proved to be greater than it follows from the known theoretical presentations.u ¶ 3200 3. , u z 15–120 /. N u z max , . 10–3 u z 15 / 6·10–3 u z 100 /. N max . , ( ). N max , . N (u z ) max (u z ) . , , u z ,   相似文献   

4.
Three independent volcanic suites have been recognised in W Bohemia: (i) the old unimodal alkaline ol. nephelinite-tephrite (29-19 Ma) in the Ohe Rift, (ii) two contemporaneous weakly (trachybasalt/trachyandesite-trachyte/rhyolite; 13-11 Ma) and strongly (ol. nephelinite-tephrite/basanite; 12-8 Ma) alkaline series in the flank of the Cheb-Domalice Graben formed by the Teplá Highland and (iii) the young unimodal ol. melilitite/ol. nephelinite alkaline suite (2.0-0.12 Ma) at the intersection of the above mentioned structures in the Cheb Basin. The magmas of all the suites are mantle-derived and, in the case of the Cheb-Domalice Graben series, associated with the AFC process. Two main fault systems: (i) ENE-WSW and (ii) NNW-SSE are developed in W Bohemia, corresponding to the directions of the two prominent taphrogenic structures. The southwesterly continuation of the Ohe Rift across the Mariánské Lázn Fault is marked by volcanics only.  相似文献   

5.
Summary The present paper is an attempt to demonstrate the fact that misleading information about the thermodynamic structure of shallow cumulus fields is obtained when standard isobaric level (SIL) data input is used. The 1-D cumulus model serves as the main tool of examination and the reference input data are those of significant levels (SL) in soundings. The computed cloud tops (SIL) exceeded (SL) tops in nearly 80% of the cases and the excesses are more than 1 kilometre in 25% of the cases. Some discrepancies were also found in potential stability analysis. The local changes in equivalent potential temperature may be seriously affected and even falsified. The important role of high resolution in studies of mesoscale phenomena was again accentuated.
mam mum ¶rt;aam, m u am u¶rt; ¶rt;a unam ¶rt;a ma¶rt;am uauu (SIL), m num uauu m¶rt;uau mm mu n. ¶rt;m, una nu u¶rt;auu, m ¶rt;a ¶rt; aa, a am n ¶rt; au unm ¶rt;a au ¶rt;aa. auma u a ¶rt; SIL n¶rt;m n au 80% a, a 25% a ¶rt;a a 1 . au ma ma nu aau nmua mumu. aQj uu uam nmua mnam m m aum ua. n¶rt;uam aa aua nmu nu uuu u a.
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6.
a mmuu ¶rt; ¶rt;au nm u , a auauu ma mu au u. aamuam m¶rt; a, ma u mua mu ¶rt;au u ¶rt;aa u uma a; m a mu ¶rt;auu m ¶rt;muam 10% m ¶rt;au, a u nuuau m .  相似文献   

7.
¶rt;am m unau a¶rt;umaua m nu ma a u mum u au. am a uu u ma a a umaua nmua mmu ¶rt; u mu m uauu.

Presented at the Meeting SSG 5.49 of the IAG, Uppsala, August 7, 1978.  相似文献   

8.
Summary The method of numerical modelling of ionospheric filtration of the Fourier components of a signal from the frequency range of Pc1 micropulsations is employed in the spectral analysis (frequency f, angle of incidence ) of the relative characteristic of the amplitude and energy reflectivity of the ionospheric layer with respect to ordinary Alfvén modes incident in the meridional plane. The results are presented for four different models characterizing the midlatitude day- and night-time ionosphere under low and high solar activity. The results indicate the specificity of filtration of ordinary Alfvén waves. It is proved that the lower region of the modelled ionosphere, as part of the midlatitude ionospheric wave guide (in particular the F2 layer), behaves like an Alfvén resonator in the given spectral range.
m¶rt; u ¶rt;uau u umauu -mau uaa u amm ¶rt;uanaa unau 1 n¶rtum nma aau (amma f, a¶rt;u ) mum anum¶rt; u mu maamu u ¶rt; ¶rt; a, a¶rt;au a u u¶rt;ua nmu. mam n¶rt;aam ¶rt; m a ¶rt; ¶rt;um m ¶rt; u u nu u u nu amumu. aam nuum umauu a. naa, m ua am ¶rt;ua u (a am F2-u ¶rt;um ¶rt;a) ¶rt;m nma ¶rt;uana a am a.
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9.
Summary Paleomagnetic investigations of sediments from the Early Quaternary enabled the variations of the geomagnetic field during reversals to be studied. Regularities in the motion of the virtual geomagnetic N paleopole and the related changes in the intensity of the geomagnetic field were determined. The initial phase of the reversal, which took place in the Eastern Hemisphere, is accompanied by an increase in the intensity of the geomagnetic field. A strong decrease occurred at the time the N paleopole was moving around30°N geographic latitude. After the irreversible reversal had been concluded, the intensity of the geomagnetic field stabilized at values corresponding to the field intensity prior to the reversal. The reversible reversal is accompanied by an repeated increase in the itensity of the geomagnetic field.
au naaum ¶rt;a n n uu a¶rt; n¶rt; mmu nu¶rt;a nu n¶rt;um auuu aum n u m u1,1–0,7×10 6 m. u a mu uuuaum n u uma ¶rt;au nmu n. u u¶rt;a uu a uuu naanmuaum n.
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10.
Summary The components of the tidal torques along the axes of the inertia ellipsoid of a perfectly elastic Earth have been derived quite independently of the density distribution of masses within the Earth. It has been demonstrated that not only the sectorial, but also the tesseral terms in the tidal forming potential are responsible for the tidal deceleration of the Earth's rotation.
am ¶rt; mau ma nuu u m u a um unu¶rt;a uuu u¶rt;a n u, auu m ¶rt;a an¶rt;uu nmm a. aa, m nuu a¶rt;u au u a m muau, u mau nuuu au nuua nmua.
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11.
Summary A large number of the users of the geomtrical constants of the reference ellipsoid know only the IAG resolutions and not the related special publications; consequently, the numerical values of the derived geometrical constants may be interpreted differently. Some values of possible differences (max. 32 mm) are given, and it is proposed that the GRS-80 geometrical constants be defined by the values of a and f –1 with unlimited accuracy in the next IAG resolution.
¶rt;a um nam zmuuu nmu n-unu¶rt;a am m uu ¶rt;a¶rt; auauu n z¶rt;uu, a nua nuauu; nm m num a mau u au nu¶rt; zmuu nm. mam nu¶rt;m m au am (a. 32 ) u n¶rt;azam n¶rt; uu n¶rt;m muu nm GRS-80 uuau a, f –1 zau mm.
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12.
ama nm u nmam nuau aamumuuaum nau muna Pc4 n ¶rt;a u mauu m, a¶rt; a m m anam ¶rt;u amu u¶rt;a umu. n¶rt;a auum nu¶rt;a u anum¶rt; nau u u nuau aamumu mu ¶rt; u m aum amumu, u au uu m¶rt; naam. mam auam mamau amu nau Pc3 u Pi2 n ¶rt;a u mau ¶rt; u u.  相似文献   

13.
A Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image acquired on 23 July 1991 recorded widespread activity associated with the Episode 48 of the Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. The scene contains a very large number (>3500) of thermally elevated near infrared (0.8–2.35 m) pixels (each 900 m2), which enable the spatial distribution of volcanic activity to be identified. This activity includes a lava lake within Pu'u 'O'o cone, an active lava tube system (7.9 km in length) with skylights between the Kupaianaha lava shield and several ocean entry points, and extensive active surface flows (total area of 1.3 km2) within a much larger area of cooling flows (total16 km2). The production of an average flux density map from the TM data of the flow field, wherein the average flux density is defined in units of Wm-2, allows for the chronology of emplacement of active and cooling flows to be determined. The flux density map reveals that there were at least three breakouts (>5000 Wm-2) feeding active flows, but on the day that the data were collected the TM recorded a waning phase of surface activity in this area, based on the relatively large amount of intermediate power-emitting (cooling) flows compared to high power-emitting (active) flows. The production of a comparable flux density map for future eruptions would aid in the assessment of volcanic hazards if the data were available in near-real time.  相似文献   

14.
Summary Spatial and temporal variability of natural ELF-VLF phenomena field intensity has been studied using data from Interkosmos satellites with apogees below 2000 km. The results show a distinct dependence of the diurnal variation and latitudinal intensity distribution on the magnetic activity. The L-value at which the maximum of plasmaspheric noise occurs, e.g., correlates better with the Dst-index than with other indicies.
mama u a auau anmu n mm - u a ua a uu ¶rt;a uu m an u 2000 . mam naam m auum m ¶rt;a u um an¶rt;u uu m aum amumu. uua L-naama, a m nm au naa uu, um Dst-u¶rt; ¶rt;uu u¶rt;auaum amumu.
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15.
Summary The theory of methods of computing single- and inter-station transfer functions in both the spectral and time domains was developed in paper[1]. Both approaches are applied to the variation data recorded at field stations along two non-simultaneous profiles traversing the eastern margin of the Bohemian Massif, where a zone of anomalous induction seems to mark an important geological boundary of formations with different histories of development. The results of both analyses are found to coincide within reasonable bounds of 20–30% in the principal induction characteristics.
u m¶rt; ama ¶rt;-u -mau n¶rt;am u nma u am a ua am[1]. am nua m am a n¶rt;¶rt;a nu ¶rt; aaua ¶rt;aaum auau aumua a n mau ¶rt; u nu, nau m au aua,¶rt; aa a aa u¶rt;uu. a, u¶rt;u, mamau a¶rt;a ¶rt; ¶rt; ¶rt;uuau au umuu aumu. mam aau nma u am auam a 20–30% ¶rt; u¶rt;u naam.
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16.
n¶rt;m mu ¶rt; mu uau aumma. mu aum u mu u m u mu auauu m¶rt;a. u¶rt;m u naam nm nmmuna uau aumma.  相似文献   

17.
Summary The paper deals with the general theory of equivalent projection. By specifying the results derived, special cases may be treated. Examples of methods are described which enable free functions to be found in a general solution. A detailed procedure of solving the problem with a numerical example is given, taking into account the optimization according to the global criterton, established for extreme angular distortion.
aamuam a mu auu nu; ¶rt;am m am au. nu m¶rt;, nu amu ¶rt; uu uu. umam nmuauau n aamumu au, ma ¶rt; aua uau , u nuam n¶rt; m¶rt; u u nu.

Dedicated to Professor Frantiek Fiala on the Centenary of his Birthday  相似文献   

18.
u u u u uu smu um ¶rt;um ¶rt; a, s¶rt;a ¶rt;a ¶rt;u suu (n — mn, k — n¶rt;): saumauo n u: n=2, k=0; n=2, k=2; n=3, k=0, 1, 2, 3; n=4, k=0; n=4, k=3; saumau n : n=2, k=0; n=2, k=2; saumau n a: n=2, k=0.

Dedicated to Prof. RNDr. Emil Buchar, DrSc., Corresponding Member of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, on the Occasion of His 75th Birthday  相似文献   

19.
¶rt;m n¶rt;u nu nm n m . m¶rt; n¶rt;am nuuu am uma au muna (6) u (10). amua aumnu m m nn unam u u, m nmu ama mm (u. 2). uu nu nm ¶rt;u am mu n¶rt; uua 15mu anau u mu u nn uua mu anau. u unauu m nn ¶rt;u am mu n¶rt; uua ¶rt; 21 anau.

Dedicated to 90th Birthday of Professor Frantiek Fiala  相似文献   

20.
Summary The vertical distribution of the contribution of the energy flux density due to the Alfvén(ordinary) wave, guided by the geomagnetic field(and propagating through the ionosphere to the Earth's surface) in the horizontal direction is demonstrated in the mechanism of the horizontal propagation of the Pc1 signal. The distribution with height is shown of the variations of the polarization characteristics of the propagating wave(e.g. the rotation of the polarization plane, changes in ellipticity, attenuation, etc.), which are the result of coupling in the denser layers of the low ionosphere in which also suitable isotropic(extraordinary) modes are generated. The results obtained using the method described in[4, 13] are demonstrated on a model of the daytime ionosphere under incidence of ordinaryL-modes, frequency f=0.3 Hz, and various meridional angles at the ionosphere.
auauma anmau uaa Pc1 naa m an¶rt;u ¶rt;u nmmu ma uu uma anauu maum n n¶rt; , anma u nmu. naa m an¶rt;u uu aamumu nuauu anma (nauau nmu nuauu, uu unmumu, amau u m.¶rt;.), m m ¶rt;mu au¶rt;mu na uu u . ¶rt; mum n¶rt;¶rt;u umn() ¶rt;. mam num m¶rt; [4, 13] ¶rt;mua ¶rt;u ¶rt; u nu na¶rt;uu a u L-¶rt; amm f=0,3 n¶rt; au u¶rt;uau au.
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