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1.
This research studies the reliability of an activated carbon permeable reactive barrier in removing cadmium from a contaminated shallow aquifer. Laboratory tests have been performed to characterize the equilibrium and kinetic adsorption properties of the activated carbon in cadmium-containing aqueous solutions. A 2D numerical model has been used to describe pollutant transport within a groundwater and the pollutant adsorption on the permeable reactive barrier (PRB). In particular, it has been considered the case of a PAB used to protect a lake or downstream from Cd (Ⅱ) contaminated groundwater. Numerical results show that the PAB can achieve a long-term efficiency by preventing lake or downstream pollution for several months. 相似文献
2.
陈以良 《广东海洋大学学报》1992,(1)
用比电导法研究两种活性炭自稀水溶液中吸附强电解质硫酸铬和硫酸铜的吸附平衡特性。结果表明,在本文的研究条件下,两种活性炭对硫酸铬和硫酸铜都有吸附作用。同时,活性炭吸附硫酸铜的吸附平衡特性可以用 Freundlich 方程式来描述。研究的结果对固体在溶液中的吸附基础理论以及处理工业废水具有一定的意义。 相似文献
3.
利用格子理论模型探讨了甲烷在页岩中的吸附特征。该模型基于不同假设可发生一定转变,利用该理论预测甲烷吸附量的精度较高,绝对误差小于0.004 2mmol/g,预测精度随着温度的升高而略升;模型中确定的理论单层饱和吸附密度Г0及吸附质分子与微孔表面之间的接触势能εs等参数可用来指示温压对甲烷吸附特征的影响及页岩中纳米级微孔发育程度。随着温度的升高|εs|减小,|εs|与温度间的变化近乎线性;Г0<Гmax,Г0可以大体表征分子吸附状态,甲烷在页岩中吸附的Г0和|εs|值比富含纳米级微孔的多孔活性炭小得多。同时讨论了所定义参数Y与X之间的线性关系,进而对微孔中吸附质分子间平均作用势εa进行了估算,结果表明|εa|<|εs|;在测试温压范围内,随着温度的升高|εa|先升高后降低;温度较低时εs/εa倍率较大(7.05倍),随着温度升高,该倍率减小并逐渐趋于稳定(平均约3.37倍)。利用该理论对不同地区及不同类型页岩在更宽尺度温压范围内对页岩微观结构表征或真实含气量关系研究具参考价值。 相似文献
4.
对改性沸石去除氨氮的条件及机理进行了实验探讨。结果表明 ,沸石经过活化剂处理后具有降低水中氨氮的作用。影响沸石去除氨氮的主要因素包括沸石与含氨氮溶液作用时间、沸石用量、溶液中氨氮浓度、沸石的粒度和溶液的温度等 ,探讨了沸石去除氨氮的机理 ,初步认为主要是由于离子交换作用和吸附作用共同完成的。 相似文献
5.
Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRB) is a new technology for groundwater pollution remediation. Contaminants are converted into harmless by products in situ as the polluted water passes through a reactive wall. Experimental results demonstrate how reactive media can be used to remove contaminants from polluted water by laying the reactive wall across the flow direction of the water. The most comprehensively studied and applied reactive barrier type uses granulated Zero Valent Iron (ZVI) particles. In this process elemental iron provides a reducing environment which makes reductive dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds feasible or changes redox sensitive metals, so that they are immobilized by a precipitation reaction. A reactive wall column which is made up of ZVI, sand and zeolite has shown the highest contaminant removal capacity compared to the other two which have different components. The potentials of ZVI, zeolite and Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) to remove contaminants are due to their different physico-chemical proper-ties which make them to "sorb"metal contaminants. The results of this experiment show that PRB technology is an efficient method for the treatment of leachate-contaminated groundwater. 相似文献
6.
1IntroductionAs industrialization is gaining roots throughout the world and population is increasing, there is the accompanying problem of waste disposal from vari-ous sources. Due to inefficient waste management processes, subsurface water bodies are being con-taminated by various kinds of chemicals (Soliman etal., 1998). PRB is a comparatively new groundwater treat-ment technology where contaminants are converted into harmless by products in situ as the polluted water passes through a re… 相似文献
7.
CAO Pinlu ZHANG Jincheng WU Xia HUANG Jinyun Institute of Drilling Engineering Technology Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau Puyang Henan China 《东北亚地学研究》2009,(4):204-209,214
In recent years, air-foam combining the advantages of both liquid and air drilling has been utilized as a drilling medium. Air-foam drilling has proved its efficiency in numerous situations where serious problems were encountered, such as in fractured formations and depleted or high permeable zones. However, the major disadvantage of air-foam drilling system is that the foam can only be used once, so that an extremely large pit is required to contain the foam to allow sufficient room for cuttings and for the foam to dissipate. Moreover, it needs enormous volume prepared, consuming abundance of water and ingredient additives, which results in the high cost of foam drilling. The recycling foam fluid by using foam breaking technology is the only effective method to solve these problems associated with the known foam drilling. Various types of equipment and technique have been employed to suppress foam formation in biological and process equipment in foam drilling. The study described various methods of foam breaking technology, and the trend of the foam breaking technology for foam drilling is discussed. 相似文献
8.
KINETICS OF LEAD ADSORPTION BY XIAMEN BAY SEDIMENTS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The kinetics of Pb adsorption in seawater by surface sediments from Xiamen Bay was simulated and the effects of seawater conditions were studied . When water temperature changed from 20 to 30℃, pH from 5 to 8 and salinity from 30 to 4 . the adsorption rate increased by about 50% , one order of magnitude and 5 times, respectively . A negative exponential relation between the adsorption rate and salinity has been found . The adsorption processes can be simulated by the exchange- equilibrium kinetic model . Adsorption rate constant, apparent activation energy and equilibrium adsorptive capacity have been quantitatively determined . The adsorption of Pb by sediments is essentially a chemical action . 相似文献
9.
在Ａｕ（Ⅲ）－Ｃｌ络合溶液和常温常压条件下，黄铁矿随时间（ｔ）变化对金吸附的动态实验表明：整个吸附过程明显分为两个阶段．前一个阶段是快速达到平衡的吸附过程，随着平衡的建立，金的沉淀速度迅速变小，随后即进入缓慢吸附阶段，溶液中金的浓度按指数函数关系衰减．不同粒度黄铁矿实验结果的横向比较显示，粒度越细，金的沉淀速度越快，沉淀金的总量也越多。 相似文献
10.
在选择了各污染物的“参照值”情况下,用污染物的实测学相对值代替水质污染损害率公式中的浓度监测值,公式中的参数可认为与污染物的特性无关。采用遗传算法优化中的参数,得到了多种水质污染物都能适用的水质污染损害率和污染损害指数公式。提出用对比加权对污染损害分指数进行赋权的新方法,计算水质综合污染损害指数。该方法用于水质综合评价的物理意义明确、计算简单、使用方便,具有普适性和可比性。 相似文献
11.
黑色岩系金矿床具有重要的经济价值，滩间山金矿床为多因复成成因，黄铁矿是其最主要的矿石矿物。穆斯堡尔诺分析和金的浸取实验表明：滩间山金矿的黄铁矿中除存在大量金矿物（自然金或银金矿）外，尚存在１．２７％的晶格金，这部分金是一种潜在的金矿资源。此外，文中还探讨了晶格金的形成机理。 相似文献
12.
宿鸭湖水库是一座综合利用的平原大型水库,经７５．８特大洪水考验后暴露出坝基渗漏及渗透稳定等诸多工程地质问题。本文通过对多次勘察及水库观测资料的整理分析,对洼地段坝后渗水的形成机制进行了论证,指出坝基粉质粘土（Ⅲ）的大孔隙结构与坝后排渗设施不完善、年久失修是该段坝后渗水的主要原因,并提出治理措施,建议被设计部门采纳。大坝经加固除险施工,水库运行１５年来证明,大坝安全,水库运行正常。 相似文献
13.
Information on phosphorus (P) adsorption and its impacts on the redistribution of the P fraction in soil profiles are important for environmental management under intensive agricultural practices. To clarify the dominant factors influencing soil phosphorus adsorption in an Entisol (locally known as purple soil), P adsorption experiments were conducted in Sichuan Basin of southwestern China for cropland and woodland soils with acidic, neutral and calcareous origins throughout their profile. After various doses of P were added during incubation experiments, soil P fractions were also analyzed. The results showed that there were no significant differences in Fe-oxides and P adsorption along the vertical gradients. Agricultural practices and lower pH conditions reduced the P adsorption capacity of purple soils throughout the soil profiles. For acidic and neutral purple soil profiles, the P adsorption capability was mainly influenced by Fe-oxides and soil texture. Ca-bound P and Fe-Al-bound P represented the majority of the total inorganic P of calcareous soils. There was a saturation of adsorption capacity by sesquioxide and a high risk of dissoluble reactive P (NH4Cl-P) being released out of the soil profile in acidic and neutral purple soils after the greatest P addition, indicated by the higher proportions of NH4Cl-P (over 40%) and decreasing Fe-Al-P fraction. P fractions migrated with greater difficulty in calcareous purple soil profiles as Ca-P fraction peaked over 65% when adding a P dose at or greater than 80 g P kg-1, indicating the high potential of P adsorption. The X-Ray Diffraction analysis also verified the formation of brushite. Adaptive management practices should be designed to alleviate P losses for acidic and neutral purple soils. 相似文献
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15.
成生于冰碛扇内，经一定的生物、物理、化学成矿作用，以砂金形态分布而富集成矿的金矿称为冰碛扇型砂金矿床。它具有沿造山带一定标高范围成群、成带分布，沉积物为近源且半胶结，砂金呈面状分布，并以粒金、块金为主，具胶状、浑圆状、包块状构造形态，分布极不均匀等特征。冰碛扇型砂金矿床的成矿作用与河成砂金矿床有本质的区别。它的成矿作用模式是：造山带下地壳富含的活化金通过新构造运动活化的断裂运移地表，经地下流体和地表流体的迁移聚集到冰碛扇这一封闭稳定的生物、物理、化学障环境中，主要经高效聚金微生物有机胶体成矿作用沉淀、再生加大形成砂金，逐步富集成矿床。而红色磨拉石建造中风化离解的Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ物质对沉淀环境ｐＨ值起着一定的调节作用。冰碛扇型砂金矿床在我国西部造山带内广泛分布，具有一定的工业价值，是砂金矿床中一重要类型，应予以重视 相似文献
16.
Research and development on foam breaking and recycling technology in air-foam drilling 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In recent years, air-foam combining the advantages of both liquid and air drilling has been utilized as a drilling medium. Air-foam drilling has proved its efficiency in numerous situations where serious problems were encountered, such as in fractured formations and depleted or high permeable zones. However, the major disadvantage of air-foam drilling system is that the foam can only be used once, so that an extremely large pit is required to contain the foam to allow sufficient room for cuttings and for the foam to dissipate. Moreover, it needs enormous volume prepared, consuming abundance of water and ingredient additives, which results in the high cost of foam drilling. The recycling foam fluid by using foam breaking technology is the only effective method to solve these problems associated with the known foam drilling. Various types of equipment and technique have been employed to suppress foam formation in biological and process equipment in foam drilling. The study described various methods of foam breaking technology, and the trend of the foam breaking technology for foam drilling is discussed. 相似文献
17.
18.
《山地科学学报》2019,(11)
Wind and sand control are important factors in combating desertification and protecting oases. An oasis protective system can provide these benefits, but quantitative research on protection effects has been lacking to date. This researchdescribes an oasis protective system in the southeastern border of the Tengger Desert. The system consists of a sand barrier belt, a shrub and herbaceous plant belt, and a farmland shelter belt.The system was compared to a bare dunes area as the control zone. The study investigated windproof effect,sediment transport, and erosion through fieldobservations. Results showed that the roughness of the shrub and herbaceous plant belt, farmland shelter belt, and sand barrier belt were increased compared with bare dunes. The shrub and herbaceous plant belt provided the highest windproof effect values for the same wind velocity measurement height, and the windproof effect values for different protective belts were as follows: shrub and herbaceous plant belt farmland shelter belt sand barrier belt. The sand barrier belt provided effective wind and sand control at heights from 0 to 50 cm above the ground. The total sediment transport for each protective belt is as follows: bare dunes sand barrier belt shrub and herbaceous plant belt farmland shelter belt. The sediment transport decreased exponentially as the height increased. In the bare dunes and protective systems, the sediment transport is mainly within 30 cm of the ground surface. The wind erosion intensity for this protective system was as follows: bare dunes sand barrier belt shrub and herbaceous plant belt farmland shelter belt. This research offers quantitative evidence for how oasis protective systems can effectively intercept sand and prevent erosion in oases. The results of this study can be applied in similar regions. 相似文献
19.
孔隙结构是评价页岩储气能力、渗流能力以及是否具有商业开采价值的关键。以重庆焦石坝JY1井五峰组-龙马溪组底部富有机质页岩为研究对象,选取了15块页岩样品开展了有机碳含量、X射线衍射、压汞、氦气孔隙度测定,低温氮吸附、氩离子抛光电镜观察,并结合沥青反射率测定、天然气碳同位素等资料表征页岩孔隙体积、大小和分布特征;从外部和内部两方面探讨了孔隙结构的主要控制因素。研究表明:①JY1井五峰组-龙马溪组页岩孔隙类型主要为无机孔(黏土矿物晶间孔、粒间孔和粒内孔)、有机质孔和微裂缝;②压汞和吸附实验显示页岩孔隙结构相对较复杂,以孔径小于50nm的孔隙为主,微孔提供了大部分的比表面积(约占65%),中孔提供了大部分的比孔容(约占57%),且以四面开放的平行板状孔隙为主,兼有多种其他形态的孔隙;③自白垩纪以来的多次挤压抬升剥蚀过程中,构造应力或温压的变化可能形成了大量微裂缝,沉积环境的差异制约了富有机质页岩发育的厚度、分布以及有机碳的富集程度;④相关性分析表明,微孔、中孔的比表面积和比孔容与有机碳质量分数关系密切,其中中孔体积和微孔的比表面积表现最明显;黏土矿物和石英质量分数对孔隙结构的影响呈现此消彼长的效果;当Ro<3.0%时,微孔和中孔的比表面积、比孔容与Ro值呈弱的负相关,反之呈现增大趋势,这与过高热演化阶段,生气速率变慢反而制约了纳米级孔隙发育,导致微孔数量减少有关。 相似文献
20.
郭东屏 《地球科学与环境学报》1990,(3)
本文根据流体动力弥散理论,按地下水中溶质局部质量守恒原理,采用非线性基函数,对单元内的渗透速度和弥散系数作了平均化近似处理,导出了求解流体动力弥散问题的另一种新的数值法——等参数溶质质量均衡近似有限元法。与作者在文献〔1〕中给出的较精确的算法相比,虽不甚精细,但计算工作量大为减小,并保持了文献〔1〕中方法的主要优点,比较简便易行。 相似文献