共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
William P. Kemp Kevin M. O'Neill Maria Marta Cigliano & Sandra Torrusio 《Transactions in GIS》2002,6(2):115-133
GIS technology allowed us to examine species-specific occurrence and abundance patterns of important grassland herbivore species through the use of appropriate statistical methods and the superior spatial representation commonly available in existing GIS packages. The study was conducted on a 254 ha grassland area located 10 km south of Three Forks, Gallatin County, Montana, in the Agropyron spicatum province of the western steppe region of the U.S.A. From an ecological perspective, grasshopper species distribution and abundance patterns observed on a local, non-uniform landscape (2.6 km 2) were consistent with results found in other studies at the valley (≈1,400 km 2) and state-level (≈237,000 km 2) scales. Our observations at the local scale further demonstrate the importance of vegetation type and specific local stand physiognomies in structuring grasshopper populations. The application of results from studies conducted at various scales to the development of decision support tools for resource managers is also discussed. 相似文献
2.
基于东亚飞蝗生育周期的遥感蝗灾监测新模式 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
当前 ,国际遥感蝗灾监测的技术路线一般是爆发蝗灾后受损面积、程度的监测与评价 ,研究灾害的有效预警与预测方法 ,对防灾减灾更具有现实意义。通过连续 2 0 0 1、2 0 0 2年连续实地对渤海湾夏蝗孵化期、生长期和成虫期等 7个阶段的野外观测 ,对蝗虫生境物理和生物依赖条件样方统计、光谱测试和遥感机理实验 ,提出了“飞蝗生育周期遥感三段监测”的论点 ,根据这个论点将遥感监测设计为 3个阶段 :(1 )孵化期水热条件遥感反演 ;(2 )生长期食量猛增遥感监测芦苇叶面积指数和植被盖度变化 ;(3)成虫期寻找新食源对芦苇盖度 (温度 )和地表水条件 ,进而对聚集条件和迁移方向的分析指导灭蝗。有效发挥了遥感连续动态观测的技术特点 ,为建立环渤海湾东亚飞蝗遥感监测体系提供了基本技术路线 ,介绍的思路与方法也可以对森林病虫害等大规模突发病虫灾害起到借鉴作用 相似文献
3.
R. M. Bhagat Sharda Singh C. Sood R. S. Rana V. Kalia S. Pradhan W. Immerzeel B. Shrestha 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2009,37(2):233-240
Land suitability analysis is prerequisite for sustainable agriculture and it plays a pivotal role in the niche based agricultural
planning in mountain regions. In this paper different parameters viz. climatic (precipitation and temperature), topographic
(elevation), soil type and land cover/land use have been used in order to perform land suitability evaluation for cereals
food-grain crops in Himachal Pradesh using Geographic Information System (GIS). The suitability analysis was performed by
digital processing of geo-referenced data (elevation, climate, soil and landcover) and calculating potential production areas
by combining different types of geographical data through decision rules framed for each crop in ArcView spatial analyst.
Suitable areas have been delineated for cereal crops in the form of land suitability maps. In comparison to the actual area
under cereal crops, the possibility of further expansion under each cereal crop was determined. These discriminated areas
appear suitable for growing these crops and can be harnessed efficiently for achieving long term sustainability and food security. 相似文献
4.
V. K. Pandey S. N. Panda N. S. Raghuwanshi S. Sudhakar 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2006,34(2):143-152
Delineation of Banikdih Agricultural watershed in Eastern India was carried out and various watershed parameters were extracted
using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was developed with a contour interval
of 10 m in the scale of 1:25000 using ARC/INFO modules. Sub watershed, drainage, slope, aspect, flow direction, soil series,
soil texture, and soil class maps were independently generated and they were properly registered and integrated for analysis.
The watershed was digitally delineated using AVSWAT model that couples hydrological model and GIS with appropriate threshold
value of cell size. Subsequently, stream characteristics through the interface were generated. Indian Remote Sensing Satellite
IRS-1D LISS-III data pertaining to the period of October 29, 1998 and October 23, 2000 was used to develop land use/land cover
thematic map using ERDAS- 8.4 version image processing software. Eight major land use/land cover classes namely water body,
lowland paddy, upland paddy, fallow land, upland crop (non-paddy crops), settlement, open mixed forest, and wasteland were
segregated through digital image processing techniques using maximum likelihood algorithm. The information generated would
be of immense help in hydrological modeling of watershed for prediction of runoff and sediment yield, thereby providing necessary
inputs for developing suitable developmental management plans with sound scientific basis. 相似文献
5.
GIS Tools for Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Planning 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Thomas W. FitzHugh 《Transactions in GIS》2005,9(2):247-263
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) has developed a set of customized GIS tools to help ensure that freshwater biodiversity is adequately incorporated into its regional conservation planning efforts. The tools generate GIS data and attributes that support a regional‐scale classification of freshwater systems and analysis of the potential integrity of these same systems. They have been implemented by TNC in more than 30 ecoregions across the U.S., and work is expanding to include other parts of the Americas. The tools are now in their second iteration. While the first version of the tools worked only with the RF3 hydrography dataset available in the U.S., the second version is more flexible and will function with a variety of datasets. Future improvements in the tools could include an improved interface and improved algorithms to reduce data pre‐processing needs. The GIS tools, documentation, and data from completed ecoregions are now publicly available on the Internet. 相似文献
6.
Andrew A. Bishop W. Wyatt Hoback Marc Albrecht & Kerri M. Skinner 《Transactions in GIS》2002,6(4):457-470
Carrion beetles depend on vertebrate carcasses to rear their young. Carcasses are a limited resource with patchy distribution, and there is an intense competition among many species for these carcasses. This situation is expected to lead to niche partitioning, such that different beetle species use different resources and thus escape direct competition. Our project used a geographic information system (GIS) and pitfall sampling to characterize carrion beetle preferences for soil texture and land use in Kearney County, Nebraska. The GIS was used to select sites where sampling was conducted using pitfall traps baited with rat carcasses. Attracted beetles were counted, identified to species, and released. The resulting data were used to construct occurrence maps of eleven species of carrion beetles by overlaying soil texture and land use. We then compared the results of EcoSim (an ecological simulation model of niche overlap) with GIS–generated maps of probability of carrion beetle occurrence. Our results are consistent with landscape–level niche partitioning by seven of the eleven examined species. Our application of GIS to the spatial analysis of carrion beetle distributions demonstrates how this technology can be used to test ecological and evolutionary hypotheses, predict habitat associations, and examine the effects of land use on a community of insects. This work could easily be extended to study the habitat preferences of the federally endangered American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus . 相似文献
7.
《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(3):343-355
The Chi River basin is the lifeline of northeast Thailand and suffers from recurrent flood and drought. The fundamental solution lies in storing the flood water and using it in the dry months for agriculture and domestic use. This paper describes a methodology that can help identify the optimum of flood retention reservoirs based on the use of an analytical hierarchical process (AHP). The parameters considered in the study were salt crust, soil drainage, slope, land use, and geological formation. AHP was used to compute the weights of the main and sub-criteria. These weights were employed to determine a Water Harvesting Potential Index (WHPI). Based on the analysis, potential areas were categorized as excellent, good, moderate, and poor candidates. These data were converted into vector layers for creating water harvesting zone maps. The capacity of the potential reservoirs was computed in a GIS environment using an analysis of digital elevation models (DEMs) and maps of potential water harvesting zones. The DEM had some missing data points, which were filled and calibrated. The map was validated with a field survey of the flood water retention site and the reservoir sites under the supervision of Regional Office of Irrigation 6, Thailand. The proposed methodology improved the ability to identify the location of flood water retention reservoirs in Thailand. 相似文献
8.
Mushtak Jabbar 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(1):34-37
This paper describes the use of the Arc/Info and ArcView GIS tools to estimate soil erosion with Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Calculations are be done by using capabilities available. This study start with a digital elevation model (DEM) of Shaanxi, which was created by digitizing contour and spot heights from the topographic map on 1∶250 000 scale and grid themes for the USLEK andC factors. It is note worthy that USLEK can be obtained by adding the K factor as an attribute to a soil theme's table. TheC can be obtained from tables or using the information about land use and management given by USLE program. A land use theme can be used to add theC factors as an attribute field. The purpose of this study is to establish spatial information of soil erosion using USLE and GIS and discuss the analysis of the soil erosion and slope failures in GIS and formulate the possible framework. 相似文献
9.
Mushtaq A. Wani N. Shaista Zahid M. Wani 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2017,45(4):611-620
Soil is a suitable place for vegetation and plant growth. When this valuable resource is not preserved, shortage of food, erosion and damage of natural resources will be respected. Soil is a heterogeneous, diverse and dynamic system and investigation of its temporal and spatial changes is essential. In this paper spatial variability of some chemical and physical soil were investigated. Three hundred fifty eight soil samples were collected by systematic sampling strategy at 20 cm depth on a regular grid spacing of 500 × 500 m2 under different vegetation cover and processed for analysis in the laboratory. Soil chemical and physical parameters including pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, available phosphorus, available nitrogen, available potassium, sulphur, calcium, magnesium and sodium were measured. After data normalization, classical statistical analysis was used to describe soil properties and geo-statistical analysis was used to illustrate spatial correlation of soil characteristics. By using interpolating techniques, spatial distribution of these properties were prepared. Results indicated that calcium and phosphorus had strong and weak spatial dependence, respectively. 相似文献
10.
V. K. Verma R. K. Setia P. K. Sharma Harpinder Singh 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2008,36(3):273-281
Secondary salinisation is the most harmful and extended phenomenon of the unfavourable effects of irrigation on the soil and
environment. An attempt was made to study the impact of poor quality ground water on soils in terms of secondary salinisation
and availability of soil nutrients in Faridkot district of Punjab of northern India. Based on physiographic analysis of IRS
1C LISS-III data and semi-detailed soil survey, the soil map was finalized on a 1:50,000 scale and digitized using Arc Info
GIS. Georeferenced surface soil samples (0–0.15 m) from 231 sites were collected and analyzed for available phosphorus (P)
and potassium (K). Interpolation by kriging produced digital spatial maps of available P and K. Ground water quality map was
generated in GIS domain on the basis of EC (electrical conductivity) and RSC (residual sodium carbonate) of ground water samples
collected from 374 georeferenced tube wells. Integration of soil and ground water quality maps enabled generating a map showing
degree (high, moderate and low) and type (salinity, sodicity and both) of vulnerability to secondary salinization. Fine-textured
soils have been found to be highly sensitive to secondary salinisation, whereas medium-textured soils as moderately sensitive
to secondary salinisation. The resultant map was integrated with available P and K maps to show the combined influence of
soil texture and ground water quality on available soil nutrients. The results show that available P and K in the soils of
different physiographic units were found in the order of Ap1 < Ap2 < Ap3. The soils of all physiographic units had sizeable
area having high content of P (>22.5 kg / ha) and medium available K (135–335 kg ha−1) in most of the test sites when irrigated with saline, sodic or poor quality water. 相似文献
11.
12.
Rekha Ghosh 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1989,17(1):55-62
Drainage analysis of an area through aerial photographs helps a lot in knowing its soil textrue, mainly its porosity, permeability, grainsize and compactness. These observations may be used as a guide for land use planning over the area. Studies have been conducted in Jharia Coalfield through scanning of acrial photographs to know the textural characters of soil/rock cover over the area. Nature of valley profiles have been studied in detail. The overall drainage pattern and drainage texture have also been studied. The observation have been used to infer about the textue of the materials (rock/soil) traversed by the drainage lines in the region. The observations suggest that the major part of the field is covered by materials of moderate cohesiveness with good porosity, permeability and recharge capacity. These informations have been used as critical inputs for future land use planning in the area. 相似文献
13.
In this study, we explored the capacity of vegetation indices derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) reflectance products to characterize global savannas in Australia, Africa and South America. The savannas were spatially defined and subdivided using the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) global ecoregions and MODIS land cover classes. Average annual profiles of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, shortwave infrared ratio (SWIR32), White Sky Albedo (WSA) and the Structural Scattering Index (SSI) were created. Metrics derived from average annual profiles of vegetation indices were used to classify savanna ecoregions. The response spaces between vegetation indices were used to examine the potential to derive structural and fractional cover measures. The ecoregions showed distinct temporal profiles and formed groups with similar structural properties, including higher levels of woody vegetation, similar forest–savanna mixtures and similar grassland predominance. The potential benefits from the use of combinations of indices to characterize savannas are discussed. 相似文献
14.
The accurate assessment of soil erosion in the spatial environment can give valuable input in designing reservoirs and for preparing watershed management action plans. Rangit River in northeastern India is affected by severe soil erosion, causing reduction in its reservoir capacity. The main aim of the paper is to estimate the soil erosion in the Rangit catchment, India through a process-based soil erosion model that integrates remote sensing and field data in the geospatial domain, and also to identify the problem areas for further watershed management action plans. Various topographic parameters that were derived from land use, soil texture and a digital elevation model were used for the estimation of soil erosion. The Morgan, Morgan and Finny model was used to compute soil erosion. Based on the drainage pattern, the catchment was divided into eight sub-catchments for detailed study. Annual soil erosion was estimated for four years from 2002 to 2005 using the corresponding year’s meteorological data. Estimated soil erosion was compared with the field data in each year and found very good correlation. 相似文献
15.
Environmental modelling usually requires spatially distributed inputs for model operation. We propose that such inputs are best obtained from field measured data. Geographic information systems (GIS) provide a logical framework to distribute measured inputs spatially, to manipulate ensuing data fields during analysis, and to display the results. This paper describes a study conducted on a 123 km2 catchment in Pennsylvania. The purpose was to evaluate how spatial variability of macroporosity affects distribution of other infiltration-related parameters. We measured sorptivity, conductivity and macroporosity at specific points within a catchment, and interpolated their spatial distributions by kriging. The measurements were made with ring and disk infiltrometers, sampling locations were geo-referenced with a global positioning system (GPS), and data were analysed using geostatistical techniques in a GIS context. Field values ( hard data ) were supplemented by soft data derived from cumulative distribution functions (cdfs) and available soil maps. Results showed that, when spatial variability associated with macroporosity was removed, infiltration parameters became less variable. Observed correlation among measured parameters suggested a form of potential transfer functions. We conclude that infiltration can be modelled at either the farm or catchment scale if macroporosity and spatial variability of infiltration parameters are adequately defined, and we suggest approaches which can be used in a GIS context to attain that goal. 相似文献
16.
Javed Mallick Yasser Alashker Shams Al-Deen Mohammad Mohd Ahmed Mohd Abul Hasan 《国际地球制图》2013,28(8):915-940
Soil erosion is the most important factor in land degradation and influences desertification in semi-arid areas. A comprehensive methodology that integrates revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model and GIS was adopted to determine the soil erosion risk (SER) in semi-arid Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. Geoenvironmental factors viz. rainfall (R), soil erodibility (K), slope (LS), cover management and practice factors were computed to determine their effects on average annual soil loss. The high potential soil erosion, resulting from high denuded slope, devoid of vegetation cover and high intensity rainfall, is located towards the north western part of the study area. The analysis is investigated that the SER over the vegetation cover including dense vegetation, sparse vegetation and bushes increases with the higher altitude and higher slope angle. The erosion maps generated with RUSLE integrated with GIS can serve as effective inputs in deriving strategies for land planning/management in the environmentally sensitive mountainous areas. 相似文献
17.
Tommy L. Coleman 《国际地球制图》2013,28(3):83-90
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of color infrared‐digital orthophoto quadrangle (CIR‐DOQ) data to generate land use/land cover (LULC) maps and to incorporate them as data layers in geographic information systems (GIS) involving various resource management scenarios. The Danville 7.5‐minute quadrangle located in the southern part of Limestone and Morgan counties, Alabama, was used as the study site. Data for the special CIR‐DOQ were generated by scanning four 9x9 inch CIR aerial photographs at a uniform pixel sample grid of 25 microns resulting in 2 meters ground sample resolution. One‐half of the quadrangle was used to identify training sites for performing a supervised classification of the data and the other half to verify the accuracy of the classification. The CIR‐DOQ data were found to be adequate for using a supervised classification algorithm to differentiate major LULC classes, resulting in a classification accuracy of 93 percent. The superior spatial quality of the data over commençai satellite data affords resource managers an opportunity to more effectively study land cover and surface hydrological properties of an area, soil moisture and surface soil textures, as well as differentiate among vegetation species, using remote sensing techniques. However, caution must be exercised when using multispectral classification techniques to classify mosaicked CIRDOQ data because of the image enhancements used to generate the final product. In its present form, there are some limitations to the use of the data for performing spectral classifications. Hozvever, the high spatial resolution of the data enables even the novice resource planner to effectively use the data in visual interpretations of major LULC classes. 相似文献
18.
19.
遥感与GIS支持下的土壤侵蚀强度快速评价方法研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以TM影像、1︰1万数字地形图以及其它辅助数据为基础，以土地利用类型、植被覆盖度以及坡度等作为影响因子，在遥感
和GIS技术的支持下，对余江县洪湖乡的土壤侵蚀强度进行了快速分级评价实验。结果表明，该方法所获取的土壤侵蚀强度信息与
实际情况比较吻合。 相似文献
20.
Application of GIS to estimate soil erosion using RUSLE 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Mushtak Talib Jabbar 《地球空间信息科学学报》2003,6(1):34-37
This paper describes the use of the Arc/Info and ArcView GIS tools to estimate soil erosion with Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE).Calculations are be done by using capabilities available.This study start with a digital elevation model(DEM) of Shaanxi,which was created by digitizing contour and spot heights from the topographic map on 1:250000 scale and grid themes for the USLE K and C factors.It is note worthy that USLE K can be obtained by adding the K factor as an attribute to a soil theme‘s table.The C can be obtained from tables or using the information about land use and management given by USLE program.A land use theme can be used to add the C factors as an attribute field.The purpose of this study is to establish spatial information of soil erosion using USLE and GIS and discuss the analysis of the soil erosion and slope failures in GIS and formulate the possible framework. 相似文献