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1.
北京西山东岭台组火山岩包裹体均一过程及研究意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
东岭盆地内岭台期火山活动有五个阶段，其中流纹质熔结凝灰岩很发育，单元流层特征变化明显。石英晶屑内熔融包裹体发育。本文研究了其均一过程，即包裹体净化现象、裂纹弥合、二次气泡的出现与消失、在某一温度间隔内气泡明显变小等现象。提出了气泡较大时常不能获得的均一温度，代表捕获时非均一相的看法。据包裹体固相探针分析资料投衅解释均一过程的成因，并给出了一种确定火山喷发前熔体中水含量的方法。 相似文献
2.
古代石盐岩流体包裹体均一温度分析方法及古环境解释 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于石盐岩中的流体包裹体保留了其沉积时的古水温和组分信息, 一直是古环境和矿床地质研究中的重要工作, 但由于石盐岩易于塑性变形的特性, 给其研究带来很大困难。本文主要针对石盐岩流体包裹体均一温度分析方法, 从单一液相包裹体均一温度测试的冷冻条件和样品经历高温改造后测试结果的可靠性两方面进行了实验。实验结果表明: 在不发生明显的完全冷冻结冰情况下, 不同冷冻条件下形成气泡后均一温度差别不大(低于3.6℃)。然而, 一旦包裹体发生了完全结冰的现象, 其均一温度比冷冻至–18℃条件下可高出47.8℃。实验同时表明高温(110℃以上)会引起石盐流体包裹体的均一温度发生明显变化。没有受到高温影响和测试过程中的低温冷冻干扰情况下, 以低的升温速率获得的石盐中单一液相包裹体均一温度可以代表石盐形成时的古水温, 其与石盐沉积时的大气温度较为接近, 可用于古气候研究。 相似文献
3.
油气和含油气包裹体及其在油气地质地球化学研究中的意义 总被引：36，自引：3，他引：36
本文在综合前人研究的基础上，结合笔者的工作经验，提出了一个实用的油气和含油气包裹体分类方案，详细论述了各类油气和含油气包裹体的相态、组成和均一温度特征。在同一油气藏，均一温度越高，油相包裹体中的气态烃和挥发份的含量也越高。依据油相包裹体的均一温度的变化及其与同生水溶液包裹体的均一温度的关系可以研究油气藏在充填过程中油气组成，特别是气态烃和挥发份含量的演变。进而可以研究油气藏的油源--生油岩的类型和热演化程度。本文评述了依据油相包裹体和同生水溶液包裹体ＰＶＴ相图推断其捕获温度和压力范围的有效性和局限性。最后讨论了各类油气和含油气包裹体的成因机制及其在油气地质和地球化学研究中的意义。 相似文献
4.
刘蒙华 《华东地质学院学报》1988,(1)
本文对富钾火山岩及其地幔包体和橄榄石捕虏晶中的包裹体进行了详细观察研究,并分别测量了熔融包裹体的均一温度(富钾火山岩1150—1200℃,地幔包体1200—1280℃,捕虏晶1200℃),在此基础上探讨了包裹体所反映的成因意义。通过包裹体的研究,进一步验证了如下结论:地幔包体与橄榄石捕虏晶有相同成因;地幔是含水的,地幔岩发生过部分熔融。 相似文献
5.
尖峰岭似伟晶岩内黄玉中的熔流包裹体 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
详细叙述了熔流包裹体以及与之密切共生的熔融包裹体和流体包裹在分布关系、组成相态及其比例、流体成分、硅酸盐溶体分子网络聚合结构以及各种包裹体在加热－淬火－冷冻过程中的热变化行为和均一化温度及其途径等各方面的特殊和异同点。认为这种熔流包裹体是在岩浆演化末期从岩浆（熔融体）与水（流体）的不混溶体系中以任意比例同时将其捕获所至,因而,它具有重要的理论意义和实际意义。 相似文献
6.
大冶-城门山夕卡岩矿床石榴子石和辉石中熔融包裹体成分研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
在长江中下游地区，Fe、Cu(Au)和Au(Cu)夕卡岩矿床广泛分布，用电子探针测量了大冶-城门山一带7个矿床夕卡岩矿物中熔融包裹体里的固相(晶质和非晶质)成分。根据这些分析结果及已发表的熔融包裹体均一温度测量数据，对该地区熔融包裹体的成分特点及其意义以及岩浆夕卡岩形成的物理化学条件进行了研究和探讨。夕卡岩矿物中熔融包裹体主要含两种成分：成分接近辉石的钙、铁、镁硅酸盐相和成分接近石榴子石的钙、铁、铝硅酸盐以及含SiO2等氧化物的碳酸盐相。夕卡岩矿物中硅酸盐熔融包裹体在均一温度和成分方面与含子矿物的流体包裹体和“盐熔”包裹体显著不同。岩浆成因夕卡岩形成温度主要介于900～1150℃之间，其主要成分与其他成因夕卡岩没有明显区别。 相似文献
7.
根据熔融包裹体的均一温度和均一过程的时间,利用熔融包裹体的扩散率公式（ＤＨ＝ｒ２／４ｔ）、Ｅｙｒｉｎｇ方程（ＤＮ＝ＫＢ·Ｔ／η·λ）以及不同含水量花岗质熔体的ＬｎＤＨ－１／Ｔ实验图解,计算了胶东金矿区内与金矿形成关系密切的栾家河岩体中包裹体熔体的粘度和含水量。结果表明,熔融包裹体均一温度为９７０℃,粘度为３．８×１０６Ｐａ·ｓ,含水量为２．５％;流体熔融包裹体的均一温度为８５５℃,粘度为６１７．７Ｐａ·ｓ,含水量为５．８％,反映出花岗岩浆在结晶过程中含水量不断增高,粘度不断降低,到结晶作用晚期,流体相接近饱和状态。 相似文献
8.
四川雪宝顶钨锡铍矿床流体包裹体研究及其意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
四川雪宝顶钨锡铍矿床产于花岗岩体与三叠系地层大理岩的接触带,赋矿石英脉受大理岩中的劈理破碎带控制。绿柱石与白钨矿中的包裹体可分为熔融包裹体、流体熔融包裹体和流体包裹体3类。流体包裹体又可分为H2O包裹体、CO2包裹体和CO2-H2O包裹体,其中,绿柱石中以富含CO2-H2O包裹体为显著特征。加热时,富H2O相CO2-H2O包裹体完全均一至H2O相,富CO2相CO2-H2O包裹体完全均一至CO2相,而二者的完全均一温度和均一压力一致,表明它们是同期捕获的CO2-低盐水不混溶包裹体组合。与绿柱石相比,白钨矿中CO2-H2O包裹体数量明显减少,H2O包裹体数量增多,成矿压力与成矿温度均有所降低。含CO2流体在花岗岩体与大理岩接触带附近发生流体不混溶和相分离,CO2的出溶使成矿流体中pH值升高,f(O2)降低,导致钨的溶解度降低而沉淀,这是形成白钨矿的主要原因。 相似文献
9.
新疆乔尕山和粤西河台韧性剪切带金矿床中熔融包裹体的发现及矿床成因 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
乔尕山和河台金矿床属典型韧性剪切带金矿床，分别产于志留－泥盆系及震旦系云开群地层中。在2个矿床含金石英脉及糜棱岩中首次发现了熔融包裹体及流体－熔融包裹体，对解决此类型矿床成因具重大意义。乔尕山金矿床包裹体均一温度：熔融包裹体为900－1100℃，液相包裹体为285－390℃；河台金矿包裹体均一温度，熔融包裹体为870℃，不混熔液相包裹体为530℃，液相包裹体为180－350℃。前者流体性质属Na^ -K^ -Ca2 -SO4^2-HCO3^--Cl^-体系；后者流体性质属K^ -Ca^2 -Mg^2 -Na^ -SO4^2--HCO^3--Cl^-体系。运用电子显微镜能谱对熔融包裹体子矿物进行分析，鉴定出石英，钾长石、硅灰石及铝硅酸盐等9种子矿物，它们分别组成不同矿物组合，为熔融包裹体在矿脉中存在提供了重要的实验依据。在变质溶熔作用及强烈 动力变质作用下，沉积变质岩可以形成铝硅酸盐熔融体，具熔体－流体性质，成矿与多阶段铝硅酸盐熔体及流体作用相关。 相似文献
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11.
Rosario Esposito Rita Klebesz Omar Bartoli Yury I. Klyukin Daniel Moncada Angela L. Doherty Robert J. Bodnar 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2012,4(2):208-218
Melt inclusions (MI) trapped in igneous phenocrysts provide one of the best tools available for characterizing magmatic processes. Some MI experience post-entrapment modifications, including crystallization of material on the walls, formation of a vapor bubble containing volatiles originally dissolved in the melt, or partial to complete crystallization of the melt. In these cases, laboratory heating may be necessary to return the MI to its original homogeneous melt state, followed by rapid quenching of the melt to produce a homogeneous glass phase, before microanalyses can be undertaken. Here we describe a series of heating experiments that have been performed on crystallized MI hosted in olivine, clinopyroxene and quartz phenocrysts, using the Linkam TS1400XY microscope heating stage. During the experiments, we have recorded the melting behaviors of the MI up to a maximum temperature of 1360°C. In most of the experiments, the MI were homogenized completely (without crystals or bubbles) and remained homogeneous during quenching to room temperature. The resulting single phase MI contained a homogeneous glass phase. These tests demonstrate the applicability of the Linkam TS1400XY microscope heating stage to homogenize and quench MI to produce homogeneous glasses that can be analyzed with various techniques such as Electron Microprobe (EMP), Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), Laser ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA ICP-MS), Raman spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, etc. During heating experiments, the optical quality varied greatly between samples and was a function of not only the temperature of observation, but also on the amount of matrix glass attached to the phenocryst, the presence of other MI in the sample which are connected to the outside of the crystal, and the existence of mineral inclusions in the host. 相似文献
12.
Silicate melt inclusions (MI) commonly provide the best record of pre-eruptive H2O and CO2 contents of subvolcanic melts, but the concentrations of CO2 and H2O in the melt (glass) phase within MI can be modified by partitioning into a vapor bubble after trapping. Melt inclusions may also enclose vapor bubbles together with the melt (i.e., heterogeneous entrapment), affecting the bulk volatile composition of the MI, and its post-entrapment evolution. In this study, we use numerical modeling to examine the systematics of post-entrapment volatile evolution within MI containing various proportions of trapped vapor from zero to 95 volume percent. Modeling indicates that inclusions that trap only a vapor-saturated melt exhibit significant decrease in CO2 and moderate increase in H2O concentrations in the melt upon nucleation and growth of a vapor bubble. In contrast, inclusions that trap melt plus vapor exhibit subdued CO2 depletion at equivalent conditions. In the extreme case of inclusions that trap mostly the vapor phase (i.e., CO2–H2O fluid inclusions containing trapped melt), degassing of CO2 from the melt is negligible. In the latter scenario, the large fraction of vapor enclosed in the MI during trapping essentially serves as a buffer, preventing post-entrapment modification of volatile concentrations in the melt. Hence, the glass phase within such heterogeneously entrapped, vapor-rich MI records the volatile concentrations of the melt at the time of trapping. These numerical modeling results suggest that heterogeneously entrapped MI containing large vapor bubbles represent amenable samples for constraining pre-eruptive volatile concentrations of subvolcanic melts. 相似文献
13.
四川丹巴伟晶岩型白云母矿床是我国第二大白云母产地,但其研究程度很低,形成机理的研究停留在定性推断的水平上,本文拟从流体的角度来研究其形成机理。丹巴北部的布衣沟位于白云母矿区的中心地带,自西向东穿过混合岩化变质带→部分混合岩化变质带→夕石化变质带,分布有蒋家→下蒋家→水大→二道桥等伟晶岩矿脉,其流体包裹体的均一温度峰值依次降低,CO2-H2O包裹体的数量逐渐减少,盐度有增高的趋势。碳、氢、氧同位素示踪出成岩成矿流体主要由携带深源碳的岩浆热液、建造水及脱碳反应产生的CO2组成。从蒋家→下蒋家→水大→二道桥伟晶岩脉,流体中的CO2/CH4和CO2/N2呈降低。这些特征显示出成岩成矿流体的演化过程:携带深源碳的岩浆热液自春牛场穹隆体的深部向外迁移,在部分混合岩化带与脱碳反应产生的CO2混合,在夕石带与建造水混合而稀释。因此丹巴白云母矿床属于“岩浆 变质”混合成因。 相似文献
14.
Coupling of anatectic reactions and dissolution of accessory phases and the Sr and Nd isotope systematics of anatectic melts from a metasedimentary source 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Advances in field observations and experimental petrology on anatectic products have motivated us to investigate the geochemical consequences of accessory mineral dissolution and nonmodal partial melting processes. Incorporation of apatite and monazite dissolution into a muscovite dehydration melting model allows us to examine the coupling of the Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotope systems in anatectic melts from a muscovite-bearing metasedimentary source. Modeling results show that (1) the Sm/Nd ratios and Nd isotopic compositions of the melts depend on the amount of apatite and monazite dissolved into the melt, and (2) the relative proportion of micas (muscovite and biotite) and feldspars (plagioclase and K-feldspar) that enter the melt is a key parameter determining the Rb/Sr and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the melt. Furthermore, these two factors are not, in practice, independent. In general, nonmodal partial melting of a pelitic source results in melts following one of two paths in εNd-87Sr/86Sr ratio space. A higher temperature, fluid-absent path (Path 1) represents those partial melting reactions in which muscovite/biotite dehydration and apatite but not monazite dissolution play a significant role; the melt will have elevated Rb/Sr, 87Sr/86Sr, Sm/Nd, and εNd values. In contrast, a lower temperature, fluid-fluxed path (Path 2) represents those partial melting reactions in which muscovite/biotite dehydration plays an insignificant role and apatite but not monazite stays in the residue; the melt will have lower Rb/Sr, 87Sr/86Sr, Sm/Nd, and εNd values than its source. The master variables controlling both accessory phase dissolution (and hence the Sm-Nd system), and melting reaction (and hence the Rb-Sr systematics) are temperature and water content. The complexity in Sr-Nd isotope systematics in metasediment-derived melts, as suggested in this study, will help us to better understand the petrogenesis for those granitic plutons that have a significant crustal source component. 相似文献
15.
Retrograde processes in migmatites and granulites revisited 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
Michael Brown 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2002,20(1):25-40
Many migmatites and granulites preserve evidence of a clockwise P–T evolution involving decompression (decrease in P) while close to the thermal peak. The extent of post‐thermal peak reaction is influenced by several factors, including: (1) the P–T path in relation to invariants in the system and the Clapeyron slopes of the equilibria; (2) the rate of cooling; and (3) the availability of fluid (H2O‐rich volatile phase or melt) for fluid‐consuming reactions. Reaction may occur between products of a prograde (increasing T) fluid‐generating reaction as the same equilibrium is re‐crossed in the retrograde (decreasing T) sense. In general, reaction reversal or ‘back reaction’ requires the P–T path to approximate isobaric heating and cooling, without significant decompression, and evolved fluid to remain within the equilibration volume. The larger the decompression segment in the P–T evolution, the more chance there is of crossing different reactions along the retrograde segment from those crossed along the prograde segment. For common pelite compositions, we may generalize by considering three pressure regimes separated by the [Spl, Ms, H2O] invariant in KFMASH (approximately 9 kbar) and the intersection of muscovite breakdown with the H2O‐rich volatile phase‐saturated solidus (approximately 4 kbar). Reaction reversal cannot occur along P–T paths that traverse around one of these points, but may occur along P–T paths confined to one of the three regimes in between. Additionally, above the solidus, melt segregation and loss potentially change the composition of the equilibration volume; and, the size of the equilibration volume shrinks with decreasing T. Since the proportion of melt to residue in the equilibration volume may change with decreasing size, the composition of the equilibration volume may change throughout the supra‐solidus part of the retrograde segment of the P–T evolution. If melt has been lost from the equilibration volume, reaction reversal may not be possible or may be only partial; indeed, the common preservation of close‐to‐peak mineral assemblages in migmatite and granulite demonstrates that extensive reaction with melt is uncommon, which implies melt isolation or loss prior to crossing potential melt‐consuming reactions. Water dissolved in melt is transported through the crust to be exsolved on crystallization at the solidus appropriate to the intrinsic a(H2O). This recycled water causes retrogression at subsolidus conditions. Consideration of the evidence for supra‐solidus decompression‐dehydration reactions, and review of microstructures that have proven controversial, such as corona and related microstructures, selvage microstructures and ‘late’ muscovite, leads to the conclusion that there is more than one way for these microstructures to form and reminds us that we should always consider multiple working hypotheses! 相似文献
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Melt Extraction during Formation of K-Feldspar + Sillimanite Migmatites, West of Revelstoke, British Columbia 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
An exposure of sillimanite-rich, strongly deformed, stromatic,K-feldspar-bearing migmatites in the Monashee Terrane west ofRevelstoke, British Columbia, has been examined to determinethe process of migmatization and to evaluate whether the systemwas open or closed during leucosome formation. An anatecticorigin for the migmatites is supported by: (1) the minimum meltcomposition of the leucosomes; (2) textures suggesting a fluidbehavior of the leucosomes and local pegmatitic textures; and(3) P–T estimates (720–820C; 75–9 kbar)above vaporabsent melting conditions of muscovitt + quartz. To establish whether melt was extracted or added during migmatization,measured volume percents of leucosome were compared with estimatesof melt production modeled by muscovite + quartz dehydrationmelting. Quantitative estimates of volume percent of leucosomeat present in the outcrop are between 20 and 30%. The amountof melt produced from the model muscovite dehydration meltingreaction is constrained by measured modal percent of sillimanite(15–25%) in the outcrop and is dependent on modal proportionof muscovite in the unmelted protolith and the melt water contentUsing a muscovite-rich protolith and a melt water content of4 wt%, complete dehydration melting of muscovite results ina production of 54 vol % melt and 25 vol % sillmanite, indicatinga melt loss of 29 vol %. A melt water content of 6 wt% resultsin production of 41 vol % melt and 23 vol % sillimanite, indicatinga melt loss of 16 vol %. Melt loss may have occurred by meltmovement along foliation planes during flattening, during formationof shear bands or locally along subvertical fractures. Spatialproximity of the outcrop to the Monashee dcollement suggeststhat thrusting was localized to zones of high melt production,which in turn facilitated melt migration. KEY WORDS: migmatites; British Columbia; Monashee Tarrane; anatexis; melt extraction
*Corresponding author. Present address: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Univenity of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 817131, USA 相似文献
18.
Textural evolution in the transition from subsolidus annealing to melting process, Velay Dome, French Massif Central 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Petrographic analysis is a useful, but underused tool to aid in distinguishing between subsolidus and anatetic-related textures in migmatites. This study focuses on assessing the relative contributions of these two processes in the development of migmatitic orthogneiss textures in the Velay Massif, French Massif Central. The results of this study show that subsolidus processes are more important in the development of migmatitic textures in the orthogneiss than anatectic leucosome development. Four textural stages are identified from the mylonitic non-anatectic orthogneiss, annealed, migmatitic orthogneiss to diatexite. The monomineralic K-feldspar and plagioclase–muscovite banding was transformed with increasing temperature to polymineralic plagioclase–quartz–muscovite and K-feldspar–quartz–muscovite layers by the wetting of feldspar boundaries during heterogeneous nucleation of quartz from a fluid phase at high surface energy triple points. A further increase of temperature led to the growth of K-feldspar probably related to production of small amounts of melt in plagioclase rich aggregates, controlled by muscovite abundance. Solid state annealing processes in conjunction with incipient anatexis resulted in the formation of apparent granitic-like textures in plagioclase dominated aggregates. By contrast, in K-feldspar dominated aggregates exclusively subsolidus processes prevail, leading to the development of coarse grained leucosome. With the onset of biotite dehydration melting the plagioclase-dominated aggregates are destroyed by the melt whereas the K-feldspar aggregates may be preserved. 相似文献
19.
深熔过程中熔体成分与锆石行为模拟计算 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
发生深熔作用是高级变质作用的一个重要特征。深熔过程中产生的熔体可为淡色花岗岩提供潜在的源区;深熔过程中锆石的行为直接影响对变质锆石记年地质意义的理解。在含Zr体系下的相平衡模拟显示泥质成分深熔过程中产生熔体的成分在P-T空间中规律变化。温度升高时熔体Zr/Si值、Zr、FeO、MgO以及CaO等含量明显增加,压力较高时K2O含量也随温度升高而明显增加。Na2O含量随温度升高而降低,但随压力升高而增加。压力升高时Al/Si值显著升高。温度较高时Na/(Na+K)等值线较陡,减压熔融过程不会显著改变熔体Na/(Na+K)值,而升温减压过程以及近等压升温过程都会明显降低熔体Na/(Na+K)值。中压时随温度升高熔体Fe/(Fe+Mg)值缓慢升高,而石榴石的生长发育会迅速降低熔体Fe/(Fe+Mg)值。不同温压条件下对应的固相线熔融、白云母脱水熔融以及黑云母脱水熔融形成的熔体成分具有明显差异。对比模拟熔体成分在P-T空间的演化,喜马拉雅地区电气石淡色花岗岩对应熔体的形成温压条件应低于二云母淡色花岗岩,同类型淡色花岗岩之间在形成条件上也可能存在一定差异,并经历了差异性演化过程。含Zr体系下的相平衡关系显示进变过程是消耗锆石的过程,因而在进变过程中变质锆石难以生长,发生深熔作用的岩石中的变质锆石主要在退变过程中形成并记录退变质年龄。熔体丢失相关模拟显示不同温度阶段发生熔体丢失对锆石稳定性的影响不同。温度较低时Zr含量较少的熔体丢失会扩大持续进变过程中锆石的稳定范围,而温度较高时富Zr熔体的丢失会降低持续进变过程中锆石的稳定温度。类似于分离熔融作用的过程最利于残留相中剩余锆石在持续进变过程中的保存。 相似文献
20.
The speciation of water in silicate melts 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Edward Stolper 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1982,46(12):2609-2620
Previous models of water solubility in silicate melts generally assume essentially complete reaction of water molecules to hydroxyl groups. In this paper a new model is proposed that is based on the hypothesis that the observed concentrations of molecular water and hydroxyl groups in hydrous silicate glasses reflect those of the melts from which they were quenched. The new model relates the proportions of molecular water and hydroxyl groups in melts via the following reaction describing the homogeneous equilibrium between melt species: H2Omolecular (melt) + oxygen (melt) = 2OH (melt). An equilibrium constant has been formulated for this reaction and species are assumed to mix ideally. Given an equilibrium constant for this reaction of 0.1–0.3, the proposed model can account for variations in the concentrations of molecular water and hydroxyl groups in melts as functions of the total dissolved water content that are similar to those observed in glasses. The solubility of molecular water in melt is described by the following reaction: H2O (vapor) = H2Omolecular (melt).These reactions describing the homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria of hydrous silicate melts can account for the following observations: the linearity between fH2O and the square of the mole fraction of dissolved water at low total water contents and deviations from linearity at high total water contents; the difference between the partial molar volume of water in melts at low total water contents and at high total water contents; the similarity between water contents of vapor-saturated melts of significantly different compositions at high pressures versus the dependence on melt composition of water solubility in silicate melts at low pressures; and the variations of viscosity, electrical conductivity, the diffusivity of “water,” the diffusivity of cesium, and phase relationships with the total dissolved water contents of melts.This model is thus consistent with available observations on hydrous melt systems and available data on the species concentrations of hydrous glasses and is easily tested, since measurements of the concentrations of molecular water and hydroxyl groups in silicate glasses quenched from melts equilibrated over a range of conditions and total dissolved water contents are readily obtainable. 相似文献