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1.
以营口市南部海岸为例,采用高空间分辨率卫星遥感影像建立了沿海盐田各组成部分的影像特征和面向对象的盐田空间格局卫星遥感影像信息提取技术流程,分析了沿海盐田空间格局特征及其变化.结果表明:面向对象的高空间分辨率卫星遥感影像信息技术可以详细地将沿海盐田空间格局划分为纳潮池、蒸发池、初级制卤池、中级制卤池、高级制卤池、结晶池和储盐池,以及养殖池、建设地、草地、坑塘湿地等非盐田类型.我国北方区域盐田空间格局组成的纳潮池、蒸发池、制卤池、结晶池、储盐池的面积基本比例为15∶45∶26∶4∶1.大规模的人类开发导致营口市南部海岸盐田空间格局变化显著,纳潮池和蒸发池等盐田组成池塘类型面积收缩强度分别为13.67、8.08,而草地、建设地等非盐田类型面积收缩强度分别为-10.27、-25.41.  相似文献   

2.
在全球变化研究中,海气交换平衡器是海水中二氧化碳分压(pCO2)直接测定的关键。作者在Inoue,H.(1987)的喷淋式平衡器和Goyet,C.(1991)的鼓泡式平衡器的基础上设计了新的喷淋-鼓泡式平衡器,并与层流式平衡器(Cooper,D.J.etal.1998)进行了互校(气相色谱法现场测定)。经显著性检验,两种平衡器之间无显著性差异。结果表明,新的喷淋-鼓泡式平衡器能很好地用于海水中pCO2的测定。  相似文献   

3.
针对蒸发波导高度在海洋上水平分布不均匀,进而影响雷达探测距离的问题,采用雷达探测距离评估模式,对蒸发波导高度随距离变化条件下雷达探测距离进行仿真分析,结果表明当雷达天线位于水平非均匀的蒸发波导内,雷达在蒸发波导低的一侧向蒸发波导高的一侧探测时,雷达最大作用距离超过蒸发波导高的一侧向蒸发波导低的一侧探测时雷达的最大作用距离,这与视蒸发波导高度为水平均匀的采用单站蒸发波导数据评估雷达最大探测距离的结论相反。说明在蒸发波导高度水平分布非均匀的海域评估雷达作用距离时,需要获取大于雷达作用距离的蒸发波导数据,采用随距离变化的蒸发波导评估雷达作用距离。  相似文献   

4.
利用中尺度大气模式MM5对2007年中国近海大气蒸发波导进行了全年的高分辨的数值模拟。模拟结果统计表明,整个海域蒸发波导的平均出现概率约为90%。本文重点关注强度较大的蒸发波导,详细分析了其季节分布特征及其与海洋环流和海面气象条件的相关关系。研究发现,25°N以南的开阔海域的蒸发波导出现概率全年都较高,而以北的东海西北部、黄海与渤海,蒸发波导的出现概率呈现明显的季节特征;蒸发波导的空间分布受中国近海海洋环流的强烈影响,存在1个与黑潮区域相一致的带状波导高出现概率区域,台湾暖流、黄海暖流和对马暖流使得在某些季节相应海域蒸发波导出现概率高于其周围海域。此外,本文还基于WRF模式及其3DVAR系统构建了大气波导数值预报系统,尝试对中国东南海域的蒸发波导进行数值预报。  相似文献   

5.
利用中尺度大气模式MM5对2007年中国近海大气蒸发波导进行了全年的高分辨的数值模拟.模拟结果统计表明,整个海域蒸发波导的平均出现概率约为90%.本文重点关注强度较大的蒸发波导,详细分析了其季节分布特征及其与海洋环流和海面气象条件的相关关系.研究发现,25°N以南的开阔海域的蒸发波导出现概率全年都较高,面以北的东海西北部、黄海与渤海,蒸发波导的出现概率呈现明显的季节特征;蒸发波导的空间分布受中国近海海洋环流的强烈影响,存在1个与黑潮区域相一致的带状波导高出现概率区域,台湾暖流、黄海暖流和对马暖流使得在某些季节相应海域蒸发波导出现概率高于其周围海域.此外,本文还基于WRF模式及其3DVAR系统构建了大气波导数值预报系统,尝试对中国东南海域的蒸发波导进行数值预报.  相似文献   

6.
新疆塔北低阻油气层录井识别方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
低阻油气层因其储层电阻率低于或接近邻近水层的电阻率,致使油气层测井电阻率响应特征不明显,常规方法识别油水层难度增大。简要概述了新疆塔北地区中新生界低阻油气层的成因,现场录井过程中利用气测录井、定量荧光、岩石热解、热蒸发色谱及核磁共振技术进行低阻油气层的有效识别,实例证明录井资料在评价、识别低电阻油层中能起到较好的效果,是识别低阻油层的有效方法之一。  相似文献   

7.
蒸发波导是发生在海气边界层的一种异常折射现象,因为其分布广、发生概率大,所以被认为是对海上电子装备影响最为显著的波导类型。然而由于其形成机制复杂,且在近岸地区存在水平不均匀性,使得目前非均匀蒸发波导的诊断及其应用还未能落实到实际工作中。针对这一现状,首先利用G L Geernaert的方法修正了Monin-Obukhov相似理论,将其扩展到海洋大气表面边界层不均匀条件下;其次在Babin模式的基础上引入张强普适函数的非线性修正因子与阵性风速,从而将蒸发波导诊断模式的适用范围拓展到近海沿岸地区和甚低风速条件下。并在此基础上研究了蒸发波导水平非均匀性对雷达探测的影响,得到了水平非均匀蒸发波导能够改变均匀波导环境下雷达的探测距离及其盲区的分布。  相似文献   

8.
蒸发波导易发生在海洋等水体之上.为了深入研究蒸发波导预测模型的诊断预报技术,本研究依据目前最新的非迭代海-气通量算法,建立了非迭代通量算法蒸发波导预测模型-NEW模型,进而对新模型进行了敏感性试验,且用我国近海试验数据进行了检验.最后将NEW模型与目前使用广泛、效果较好的4种蒸发波导模型(即P-J模型、Babin模型、NPS模型和伪折射率模型)进行了对比分析,得到了不同模型蒸发波导高度随气象海洋要素变化的规律,结果表明非迭代通量算法模型与传统模型对不同海洋气象要素的敏感性响应是一致的.不稳定层结条件下NEW模型对蒸发波导的诊断结果接近于Babin模型和NPS模型,而稳定条件下略高于NPS模型.试验表明NEW模型可以有效地诊断预报蒸发波导.本研究系统阐述了非迭代通量算法模型的建立和适用情况,为蒸发波导预测诊断算法的更新和模型发展提出了新的思路.  相似文献   

9.
海上蒸发波导模式研究进展及面临的问题   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
李诗明  陈陟  乔然  王先桥 《海洋预报》2005,22(Z1):128-139
对流层中电磁波的反常传播可以导致错误的气象雷达测量,海洋上最常出现的反常传播现象是蒸发波导.本文重点介绍了迄今为止有重要影响的3个蒸发波导模式,美国的PJ模式、欧洲的MGB模式和最近发展的Babin模式.所有蒸发波导模式都是以莫宁-奥布霍夫(Monin-Obukhov)相似理论为基础,但是这些模式在相似理论应用上显著不同.通过相同条件下的对比实验表明,Babin模式使用了最近精确的整体相似表达式,并采用了小风速相似理论拓展技术和湿度的盐度订正技术,结果优于PJ模式和MGB模式.  相似文献   

10.
在全球变化研究中 ,海气交换平衡器是海水中二氧化碳分压 (p CO2 )直接测定的关键。作者在 Inoue,H.(1987)的喷淋式平衡器和 Goyet,C.(1991)的鼓泡式平衡器的基础上设计了新的喷淋 -鼓泡式平衡器 ,并与层流式平衡器 (Cooper,D.J.et al.1998)进行了互校 (气相色谱法现场测定 )。经显著性检验 ,两种平衡器之间无显著性差异。结果表明 ,新的喷淋 -鼓泡式平衡器能很好地用于海水中 p CO2 的测定。  相似文献   

11.
An improved Ewing heat probe frame   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
The standard Ewing heat probe frame has been improved through the design of a new takedown model whose parts are held together by lynch pins. When a 600 lb (272 kg) unit of this type is taken apart, the heaviest single piece of the dismantled unit weighs only 75 lb (34 kg).This makes it feasible for one person to handle, transport, and assemble the new unit. A central, main support member of a heat probe using this frame can be suspended over the side of a research vessel while the heavier temperature recorder and ballast weights are attached by means of the quickaction lynch pins. This makes it possible to use this device on relatively small vessels which are not designed for coring work, having a minimum of free deck space and without launching platforms or hydraulic A-frame booms.  相似文献   

12.
Results are rported from experimental and theoretical studies of the energy and mass exchange of a body of water with the atmosphere. A new parametric model has been developed on the basis of experimental data that takes into account the influence of the depth of the basin on evaporation, its heat exchange with the atmosphere, and the water-surface friction at different wind speeds. Comparison of the model with measurements during the LITFASS-98 and LITFASS-2003 experiments (Germany) shows good consistency. The results indicate, on the one hand, that the depth of the basin has a large effect on the intensity of energy exchange under natural conditions. On the other hand, the examples shown in the paper illustrate good agreement of the model calculations with experimental data. On the basis of the experimental data on the influence of the basin depth on the intensity of the interaction between the basin and the atmosphere, a balance model of the energy exchange in the coastal zone has been developed. The balance model calculates the momentum, heat, and moisture fluxes at different distances from the shore. Results of using the new model to estimate the intensification of evaporation and the heat exchange of the northern Caspian and the Kara-Bogaz Gol are discussed.  相似文献   

13.
14.
基于2016-02-01—2016-05-21在南海博贺海洋气象观测平台观测的实验资料,首先利用整体空气动力学算法分别计算海气界面处感热通量与潜热通量,同时利用涡动相关法计算液滴蒸发层处总的感热通量与潜热通量。然后比较海气界面处热通量与液滴蒸发层处热通量的值,并利用差比法分别对2处感热通量和潜热通量进行做差计算。结果表明:液滴蒸发层处热通量与海气界面处热通量存在明显差异。通过与海洋飞沫引起的热通量值比较,结果表明液滴蒸发层处热通量与海气界面处热通量的差值由海洋飞沫作用引起;且在中低风速条件下,海洋飞沫引起的热通量与风速呈正相关;相比感热通量而言,潜热通量随着风速的变化更为显著。  相似文献   

15.
基于空间基函数客观拟合的副高突变与多态机理分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
洪梅  张韧  何金海  薛峰  葛晶晶 《海洋学报》2010,32(10):6871-6881
为分析研究副热带高压异常活动的动力学机理,基于热力强迫和涡动耗散效应的大气偏微涡度方程,采用Galerkin方法进行方程的时-空变量分离,针对常规方法在空间基函数选择中存在的不足和欠缺,提出了从实际资料场序列中用经验正交函数(EOF)分解与遗传算法结合客观反演空间基函数的研究思想.通过对副热带高压位势场逐日时间序列的EOF分解,选择累积方差贡献超过90%的前3个主要空间典型场作为拟合对象,随后选择一组三角函数簇作为广义空间基函数,以该基函数与EOF典型场的误差最小二乘和基函数间的完备正交性构造双约束泛函,  相似文献   

16.
讨论海面浪沫影响动量、热量及水汽等垂直通量的物理过程、提出描述飞沫特征的运动方程、热量方程和蒸发方程,以及确定飞沫初值的计算方法。并给出求飞沫在出入海面过程中所产生的动量、热量及水汽等通量的计算式。  相似文献   

17.
We discuss the results of a numerical experiment devoted to the investigation of the variability of the three-dimensional fields of temperature and current velocity brought about by the seasonal variability of external factors: solar radiation, atmospheric fields, discharge of the river Jordan, and water intake for economic necessities. We use a multilayer model in isopycnic coordinates with an upper mixed layer. We set atmospheric factors in the form of monthly average fields that are uniform over space and linearly interpolated in time. We compare the computed fields of heat flux and evaporation through the lake surface, level, temperature, and currents with data of observations. We note a qualitative agreement of temperature fields during the whole year and current velocities in winter when the lake is, in fact, barotropic. In summer when the lake is stratified, currents in the model turn out to be weaker than in observations.  相似文献   

18.
Energy harvesting is a topic of global interest in both academic research and practical application across many fields. The main concept in energy harvesting is to convert wasted ambient energy into useful electrical energy. In particular, piezoelectric materials can be used to convert strain energy into electric power directly, and piezoelectric materials can be used to harvest external vibration forces.This paper proposes and develops a highly flexible piezoelectric energy device (FPED) to harvest flow-induced vibration by converting ambient kinetic energy such as ocean, current and wind energy into electric power. The energy harvesting device uses piezoelectric layers (e.g. PVDF) and elastomer materials (e.g. rubber or silicone) to achieve high electric performance and efficiency. The design of the FPED was optimized by considering the aspect ratio, support system, initial tension and incorporates a bluff body to generate turbulence. A theoretical model based on the transfer matrix method was used with the initial tension force and natural frequency of the harvester. The model demonstrated the maximum electric performance and optimized the structural layers and size under the parameter studies. Numerical and experimental results proved the potential of the highly flexible piezoelectric energy device to convert ambient kinetic energy from flow-induced vibration into useful electrical energy.  相似文献   

19.
多种水面类型蒸发的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
毛锐  高俊峰 《海洋与湖沼》1996,27(4):445-450
分析有水草水面、污水面、受热水面、盐水(盐水)面等特定水面类型的蒸发量,并与清水、淡水对照,求出蒸发比,还计算了太湖地区有水草水面和受热水面的蒸发模型,为确定湖泊的蒸发量提供一新途径,最后建议用水生植物的蒸腾规律来控制水面蒸发,调节水面温度。  相似文献   

20.
A physical and mathematical model of the vertical heat and moisture transfer and the carbon exchange in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere system is proposed that includes the interaction between these processes. The model describes the interception of precipitation by plants and its further evaporation, transpiration, evaporation from a soil surface as well as vertical moisture transfer, photosynthesis, and plant and soil respiration. The model has been verified against data from observations of heat, moisture, and carbon dioxide fluxes at a grassland site (international FIFE experiment, Kansas, United States), in a pine forest (BOREAS, Saskatoon, Canada), and in a broad-leaved mixed forest (FLUXNET measurements in the southeastern United States). Numerical experiments with the models have been conducted to estimate the influence of soil moisture and atmospheric CO2 concentration on transpiration and carbon exchange of the vegetation cover.  相似文献   

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