Loessial soils, wetted above the limit of collapsibility, remain in the category of difficult foundation grounds. Some case histories are presented herein: surpassing soil bearing capacity and non-stabilized settlements of buildings after initially dry loess wetting; slow but nondamped settlements or damped but great and, eventually, non-uniform settlements of structures erected on wet loess; supplementary settlements by water level lowering in loessial ground; great settlements of deep foundations passing through the collapsible loess to the underlaying wet but noncollapsible loess. Research on wetted loess performed in the laboratory (oedometer, triaxial) or in situ (full-scale experiments or real constructions) have emphasized the dependence of the soil structural resistance, deformability (compressibility and deformation under constant volume) and final resistance on both the moisture content or stress-state and on their history; the depth propagation of the active zone of surface loadings on wetted loess is different from that of the linear elastic theory; some suggestions to estimate the depth of the active zone are presented. The usual foundation systems on wetted loessial grounds, or in their vicinity, adopted in Romania include: loessial or gravel cushions; surface compaction (very efficient results of intensive dynamic compaction); foundation “stamping” or loessial ground “reinforcing”. It is recommendable to take into consideration: surveyed wetting under construction until maximum moisture content of the loessial ground; in situ columns of stabilized loess; the efficiency of geotextiles for filter-drainage and antierosional functions in loessial soils. 相似文献
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结合某深厚软土地基填方边坡工程实例,通过优选采用加筋土挡墙进行边坡支护,并采用有限元分析加筋土挡墙的稳定性及变形特征,探讨软土地基加筋土挡墙的工作特点及变形控制对策。结果表明,加筋土挡墙对地基承载力、不均匀沉降变形要求均较低;CFG桩可将上部结构荷载传递至深层土体,有效提高地基承载力、控制地基沉降变形;在软土地基条件下加筋土挡墙为首选挡墙,研究成果可为类似边坡工程设计提供指导。 相似文献
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机场高填土地基工后不均匀沉降指标研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以威斯特卡德板中受荷计算刚性道面PCN值的理论为基础,考虑刚性道面接缝传荷能力和山区机场地基不均匀沉降,建立了基于“地基-道面-飞机荷载”相互作用的足尺9块板道面结构三维有限元分析模型。运用该方法,根据统计的国内主要民航运输飞机ACN值,确立了15组计算分析模型。经威斯特卡德理论和Bisar软件验证了模型的可行性。研究表明,高填土机场道面板底最大拉应力与地基不均匀沉降呈线性关系,高填土机场工程中对于1‰的地基不均匀沉降控制比较合理,对于设计强度为5.0 MPa以上的道面结构,允许地基最大不均匀沉降值为1.2‰。 相似文献
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某地基不均匀沉降的三维分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
某地基处理原拟采用CFG复合地基。但由于地层情况复杂 ,施工难度大 ,决定采用CFG桩和人工挖孔桩进行地基处理 ,但是这种处理方案可能会引发地基不均匀沉降从而对上部结构产生不良影响 ,因此合理的的选取人工挖孔桩桩间距非常重要。通过对四种桩间距情形下地基的三维沉降分析 ,选取了合理的人工挖孔桩桩间距 ,解决了这一工程难题. 相似文献
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板式基础托换法是应用在既有建筑物地下空间开发中的一种方法。它先施工拟建地下室的部分顶板,依靠板下土体支撑既有建筑物的荷载,同时开挖其余部分的土方。土方开挖后,再施工该区域的柱或墙等竖向构件以及底板;然后,依靠这部分底板支撑上部荷载,完成剩余的土方开挖和顶板、底板的施工。利用ANSYS建立三维有限元模型,分5个工况对托换施工过程进行分析,得到各部位柱脚的沉降规律：在土方开挖之前,中间部位柱脚的沉降大于周边部位的柱脚;土方开挖后,由于“卸载”作用中间部位柱脚出现明显的回弹,使得中间部位柱脚的沉降小于周边部位的柱脚。不均匀沉降值的大小和地基土的弹性模量以及上部结构是否加载有关。不均匀沉降产生的上部结构的附加弯矩可以通过建立二维有限元模型求出。 相似文献
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随着城镇化步伐加快,陕北黄土高原梁峁区三四线城市出现越来越多的高填方工程,陕北大孔隙黄土与特殊地形地貌共同作用下引起建筑物地基发生严重不均匀沉降,导致上部结构开裂甚至失稳垮塌,危及人身与财产安全。为了全面分析梁峁区高填方地基变形规律,课题组在陕北黄土高原某梁峁区填方场地选取了西北地区最大的试验场(直径超过90m),通过原位监测对高填方地基地应力、含水率以及地基沉降进行了研究,分析了黄土填方地基含水率随季节变化规律及其影响深度,并发现黄土高填方地基中存在土拱现象,总结出沉降与填方高度的关系。利用三维数值模拟反演分析推测出高填方地基的最终沉降量,对上部结构作用下地基变形规律进行了预测,为类似黄土地区高填方工程设计及其变形计算提供参考。 相似文献
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在上部均布荷载作用下柔性基础基底压力是均匀分布的,基底以下土体在同一深度附加应力呈现中间大、周围小的分布规律,导致基础沉降中间大、周围小。刚性基础的沉降是均匀的,必然导致基底压力的分布为周围大、中间小。软基上的油罐筏板基础是具有一定刚度的基础,但并非刚性基础,因而基底压力分布应该介于柔性基础和刚性基础之间,沉降为中间大、周围小的不均匀分布。基于ABAQUS有限元分析,结合工程实际情况,采用UH模型作为土体本构模型进行了模拟分析,对筏板厚度、地基刚度等影响基础不均匀沉降的主要因素进行敏感性分析,探求变刚度地基在油罐基础不均匀沉降中的影响规律。 相似文献
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本文采用有限元法对高层建筑上部结构—桩筏基础—地基共同作用及相互影响进行了研究。研究表明:高层建筑上部结构—桩筏基础—地基共同作用及相互影响时,基础总体沉降和差异沉降随楼层的增加呈非线性变化趋势,上部结构中存在次应力,弯矩和轴力比常规法设计偏大;随楼层的增加,桩体对荷载的分担比在减少,土体分担比在增加;随着上部结构刚度的增加,荷载向角桩、边桩集中;增加筏板厚度,能减少一定的差异沉降和基础平均沉降,从而减少上部结构的次应力,提高地基土的荷载分担比,同时筏板下桩顶反力分布更不均匀,因此需要从筏板受力,以及考虑筏下桩、土的受力来综合确定一个合理的筏板厚度,使设计安全经济;随着地基土变形模量的提高,地基土分担的上部荷载增加,桩顶反力趋向平均,筏板最大弯矩逐渐减小。桩筏基础在均匀布桩条件下呈中间大边缘小的“碟型”分布。差异沉降是由于上部结构次生应力和筏板内力产生的。通过对地基土刚度以及桩长、桩径、桩距等五种桩基刚度的调整,并分析不同刚度对基础差异沉降影响可知:改变桩长的布桩形式并结合地基土刚度调整的中心布桩形式是高层建筑桩筏基础最佳设计方案。 相似文献
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由于厂房桩基础设计为“洛阳铲”成孔灌注桩,不适宜该地基土且未考虑填土负摩擦的影响,加上部分桩基施工过程中未达到持力层,从而导致厂房发生不均匀沉降,引起上部结构沉降开裂。通过在原厂房承台中置入树根桩,并对承台进行了加固处理,使厂房不均匀沉降得到有效控制。 相似文献
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复合本构有限元法是一种新型的复合地基沉降数值计算方法.采用复合本构有限元和传统三维有限元两种计算模型,通过不同桩土模量比、置换率和桩长条件下复合地基沉降计算结果的比较,对复合本构有限元法的适应性进行了探讨. 相似文献
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柔性基础下复合地基下卧层沉降特性的数值分析 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：12
采用复合本构有限元和传统有限元两种计算模型,通过不同桩土模量比和置换率条件下复合地基、双层地基、人工均质地基下卧层沉降与天然地基相应计算结果的比较,系统地研究了复合地基下卧层的沉降特性,并在此基础上建立了相应的计算方法。 相似文献
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This paper focuses on the derivation of an approximate analytical solution to predict ground surface settlements along the centre-line perpendicular to a slurry-supported diaphragm wall panel. An analytical model of trench excavation is constructed by applying linearly-distributed total earth pressure changes on the sidewalls and the base of the trench in a homogeneous, isotropic, elastic half-space. By applying the principle of superposition appropriately, an explicit solution to calculate ground surface settlements is derived by integrating Mindlin’s displacement formulae. The validity of the solution is verified by three-dimensional finite-element analyses and case studies. Based on the results obtained from a parametric study using the newly derived solution, an algebraic formula is obtained as a first approximation for calculating ground surface settlements. 相似文献
15.
Bally, R.J., 1988. Some specific problems of wetted loessial soils in civil engineering. Eng. Geol., 25: 303–324.
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劈裂注浆可以有效改善土体的变形参数,大大降低土体在受力状态改变时的变形量,对劈裂注浆后复合土体的等效变形参数进行研究十分重要。在综合分析劈裂注浆扩散机制和工程应用实际的基础上,基于均质化理论提出了劈裂注浆后复合土体的三维单元体几何模型,按等效原则给出了浆-土体积及受力分配关系模型图;接着基于横向各向同性本构关系推导了模型的等效弹性模量和等效泊松比的解析解。然后采用有限元方法取得了模型特定条件下的等效弹性模量和等效泊松比,并与解析结果进行对比分析。最后把模型和相应的解析结果引入Flac3D岩土工程专业分析软件,结合一个热力隧道工程实例对隧道劈裂注浆后关键位置的沉降进行预测分析,并与实测值进行了对比。研究表明：对所提出的计算模型,解析计算与有限元方法计算结果吻合度较高,说明了解析结果的正确性;基于该模型及其解析结果得到的隧道开挖后的沉降预测值与实测值具有良好的一致性,说明所提出的模型和相应的解析计算方法具有一定的可靠性和实用性。 相似文献
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This study investigates the behavior of shield tunneling based on a complete case record of an excavation in sandy cobble ground. Both numerical and analytical analyses were conducted to estimate the surface displacement along the tunnel axis and the surface-zone affected by the shield tunneling. This paper presents the performance of the Peck method in forecasting the transversal surface settlement trough caused by the shield tunneling in a sandy cobble layer. In particular, this study has made a comparison with the vertical surface displacement monitored during the advancing excavation to the settlements estimated by using the Peck method and by conducting a three-dimensional finite element analysis. The effective measures to provide the necessary face support pressure and to reduce the formation of sinkholes and ground settlements in sandy cobble ground were also investigated and discussed. 相似文献
19.
A.R. Selby 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1999,17(3-4):351-371
Tunnelling through soils results in ground loss, causing surface settlements and transverse movements. Where the tunnel drive passes below an existing structure, it is important to estimate the effects upon the structure. However, the free ground deformations should not simply be imposed upon a structure, because the structure contributes to stiffening of the ground. A computational soil-structure interaction analysis is required, to otain detailed stress–deformation response. First, linear finite element and Lagrangian finite difference methods are used to estimate ground movements due to a tunnel in free ground, and the results are compared with values based on empirical equations. The two linear methods and an additional hybrid FE method are then used to assess with soil-structure interaction; two cases of a typical short wall and a long wall lying across the route of tunnels of different depths. The results support the validity of the hybrid method which is used to estimate interactive ground settlements for comparison with a reported case of tunnelling below a building in central London. A more detailed case study is then undertaken to assess building damage caused by gross settlements during tunnelling in mixed soils, at a site in Workington, west Cumbria. A survey allowed estimation of free ground movements. Analysis by the hybrid method on the soils plus uncracked structures indicated intolerable horizontal stresses. Re-analysis with major cracks introduced into the structures resulted in close agreement between measured and computed settlements. 相似文献
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盾构施工中土体损失引起的地面沉降预测 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
土质软硬决定了隧道周围土体的移动方向,移动焦点在隧道中心点与隧道底部位置之间变动。采用两圆相切的土体损失模型,通过引入移动焦点的坐标参数,建立了统一的土体移动模型,该模型能将Park模型与Loganathan模型包括在内。假定土体不排水,利用源汇法推导了由土体损失引起的地面沉降通用计算公式,该方法适用于施工阶段。算例分析表明该方法的计算结果与实测值非常吻合,适用于各种土质条件。Loganathan公式只适用于土质较差的情况,当土质较好时计算得到的地面沉降量要比实测值偏小。 相似文献
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