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1.
2015年4月25日在尼泊尔廓尔喀县发生的8.1级地震及后续强烈余震,造成尼泊尔北部严重的人员伤亡和财产损失,灾区建筑物倒塌损失严重。本文利用现场震害调查资料和高分卫星遥感影像,开展建筑物震害遥感解译,得到各个遥感解译点的遥感震害指数,结合现场调查点评估的烈度拟合了遥感震害指数-实际震害指数转换关系,再根据遥感震害指数估计了全部解译点的震害指数及地震烈度。估计的烈度与现场调查结果对比显示出较好的一致性,研究结果为该地区今后发生地震提供了可借鉴的遥感评估震害指数转换模型。 相似文献
2.
地震资料室内处理过程要求野外采集的地震资料越多越好, 而地震数据远距离快速传输又要求野外地震数据量越少越好． 为解决这一矛盾, 将基于曲波变换与压缩感知的数据重建技术引入到地震资料处理中, 对实际的野外不完整数据进行压缩重建． 结果表明, 曲波变换相对于傅里叶变换在数据压缩采样方法中占有一定的优势． 但是, 在对实际资料进行处理时, 首先要对资料中的面波进行处理, 同时还要在一定曲波基元尺寸的情况下, 考虑缺失道数量的影响． 最终, 得到的重建数据图像纹理清晰、 连接自然, 从而验证了该方法的实用性和有效性． 相似文献
3.
卫星对地观测技术是全球范围内实时监测孕震区地震活动和震后应急救援的有力工具。过去的几十年里,不同种类的卫星观测数据被应用于地震遥感异常探测领域中,并逐渐开展了从单个震例分析,到普遍规律探索,再到内部机理研究的多方面探讨。但由于地球系统的复杂性和孕震过程的不确定性,地震遥感异常研究仍充满困难和挑战。本文利用文献计量分析方法,探究了现今国内外地震遥感异常研究的关注热点和趋势方向,认为目前对于地震遥感异常的研究已由单一参量发展为多参量联合分析阶段;通过3个前沿研究案例分析了常用的综合分析参量与异常分析方法,以及多参量之间的时空同步性关系,表明多参量遥感异常的结合研究和交叉验证是地震遥感异常研究中的重要手段,可以在未来地震前兆研究中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
4.
卫星遥感热红外辐射与川滇强震探讨 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
为了使卫星空间监测技术在地震监测预报的应用研究由理论性、实验性阶段进入实用性阶段，进行了探索和尝试。按照地震前兆资料常规处理的格式和要求，对收集的部分卫星遥感热红外辐射观测资料进行了处理。处理过程中使用了包含数据格式转换、数据预处理、异常挑选等内容的计算机工作软件。在此基础上，根据卫星遥感数据资料所具有的二维均匀分布的特性，应用平面和立体的数据图像处理软件，对卫星遥感热红外辐射观测资料的异常场信息进行了研究。同时，开发出了使用卫星遥感热红外辐射观测资料的数据接口软件。卫星空间监测技术的应用将给地震监测预报带来全新的思维方式及更加快捷实用的数据采集、传送、处理和分析方法。 相似文献
5.
随着遥感信息源的不断增加,多种遥感数据被用于详细判读建筑物的震害情况.为准确判读震害等级与建立震害自动识别模式,本文收集整理了汶川地震震区的震害遥感图像,通过目视判读、图像处理、统计分析,重点分析了各类震害建筑物在光学影像中的特征表现、在合成孔径雷达图像中的成像机理特征以及在激光雷达图像中的三维特征.在此基础上构建了建筑物简化模型,并联合光学影像和雷达图像对震害建筑物的影像特征剖面予以分析.结果显示:光学遥感图像色彩信息符合人眼色觉原理,具有较好的直观判读效果;合成孔径雷达图像能够记录地物侧面、表面的粗糙程度和角反射特点,信息量丰富但不直观;激光雷达图像能获取建筑物的三维信息,因此震害评估工作中需有效地综合利用多源遥感数据,才能实现最佳的判识效果. 相似文献
6.
遥感技术应用于地震研究中的一个重要方面是利用遥感图像的宏观性解译地震活动的构造背景。该项目主要利用遥感及GIS地理信息软件合成数字遥感图像并利用数字高程模型DEM生成三维地貌影像图，与城市房屋等数字图层叠加，建立与地理图层相连的属性数据库，实现断层与地面建筑关系的实时查询，并对用于构造背景的三维立体模型的显示、可视化飞行技术进行初步研究，以期在城市活断层研究中得到应用。 相似文献
7.
浅层人工地震勘探是当前城市地震活断层探测的主要方法,勘探精度不仅受激发、接收等因素的影响,还与地震数据处理的精度密切相关。速度分析是地震勘探资料处理中的关键环节,它的准确与否对动校正、共深度点叠加、叠后偏移及时深转换等都将产生影响。针对浅层地震资料目的层较浅、叠加次数少和城市背景干扰大等特点,文中对速度分析的参数选取问题进行了研究。首先通过对相邻CDP道集内各接收道炮检距的分析,以及单个和多个CDP道集的对比,提出了用于速度分析的CDP大道集的抽取原则。并通过对不同的CDP大道集、速度扫描间隔、计算时窗长度、动校切除比例等所获得的速度谱的对比分析,对速度谱扫描过程中各参数的选取提出了建议,并对速度分析及时深转换过程中值得注意的问题进行了讨论 相似文献
8.
基于Bregman迭代的复杂地震波场稀疏域插值方法 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在地震勘探中,野外施工条件等因素使观测系统很难记录到完整的地震波场,因此,资料处理中的地震数据插值是一个重要的问题。尤其在复杂构造条件下,缺失的叠前地震数据给后续高精度处理带来严重的影响。压缩感知理论源于解决图像采集问题,主要包含信号的稀疏表征以及数学组合优化问题的求解,它为地震数据插值问题的求解提供了有效的解决方案。在应用压缩感知求解复杂地震波场的插值问题中,如何最佳化表征复杂地震波场以及快速准确的迭代算法是该理论应用的关键问题。Seislet变换是一个特殊针对地震波场表征的稀疏多尺度变换,该方法能有效地压缩地震波同相轴。同时,Bregman迭代算法在以稀疏表征为核心的压缩感知理论中,是一种有效的求解算法,通过选取适当的阈值参数,能够开发地震波动力学预测理论、图像处理变换方法和压缩感知反演算法相结合的地震数据插值方法。本文将地震数据插值问题纳入约束最优化问题,选取能够有效压缩复杂地震波场的OC-seislet稀疏变换,应用Bregman迭代方法求解压缩感知理论框架下的混合范数反问题,提出了Bregman迭代方法中固定阈值选取的H曲线方法,实现地震波场的快速、准确重建。理论模型和实际数据的处理结果验证了基于H曲线准则的Bregman迭代稀疏域插值方法可以有效地恢复复杂波场的缺失信息。 相似文献
9.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE METHOD OF SEISMIC INTENSITY ASSESSMENT BASED ON RESIDENTIAL BUILDING DATA AND HIGH RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES 
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下载免费PDF全文 After destructive earthquakes, the assessment result of seismic intensity is an important decision-making basis for emergency rescue, recovery and reconstruction. This job requires higher timeliness by government and society. Because remote sensing technology is not affected by the terrible traffic conditions on the ground after the earthquake, large-scale seismic damage information in the earthquake area can be collected in a short time by the remote sensing image. The remote sensing technique plays a more and more important role in rapid acquisition of seismic damage information, emergency rescue decision-making, seismic intensity assessment and other work. On the basis of previous studies, this paper proposes a new method to assess seismic intensity by using remote sensing image, i.e. to interpret the building collapse rate of a residential quarter after an earthquake by high-resolution remote sensing images. If there already are detailed building data and building structure vulnerability matrix data of a residential area, we can calculate the building collapse rate under any intensity values in this residential area by using the theory of earthquake damage prediction. Assuming that the building collapse rate interpreted by remote sensing is equal to the building collapse rate predicted by using the existing data, it will be easy to calculate the actual seismic intensity of the residential area in this earthquake event. Based on this idea, according to the relevant standard specifications issued by China Earthquake Administration, this paper puts forward some functional models, such as the calculation model of building collapse rate based on remote sensing, the data matrix model of residential building structure, the prediction function matrix model of residential building collapse rate and the prediction model of residential building collapse rate. A formula for calculating seismic intensity by using remote sensing interpretation of collapse rate is also proposed. To test and verify the proposed method, this paper takes two neighboring blocks of Jiegu Town after the Yushu M7.1 earthquake in Qinghai Province as an example. The building structure matrix of the study block was constructed by using pre-earthquake 0.6m resolution satellite remote sensing image(QuickBird, acquired on November 6, 2004), post-earthquake 0.2m aerial remote sensing image(acquired by National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, April 15, 2010) and some field investigation data. The building collapse rate in the two blocks was calculated by using the interpretation results of seismic damage from the Remote Sensing Technology Coordinating Group of China Seismological Bureau. The seismic damage matrix of building structures in Yushu area is constructed by using the abundant scientific data of the scientific investigation team of the project “Comprehensive Scientific Investigation of the Yushu M7.1 Earthquake in Qinghai Province” of China Seismological Bureau. On this basis, the collapse rate prediction function of different structures in Yushu area is constructed. According to the prediction function of collapse rate and the building structure matrix of the two blocks, the building collapse rate under different intensity values is predicted, and the curve of intensity-collapse rate function is drawn. By comparing the building collapse rate interpreted by remote sensing and the intensity-collapse rate function curve of this two blocks, the seismic intensity of both blocks are calculated to be the same value: Ⅸ degree, which is consistent with the results of the field scientific investigation of the earthquake. The validation shows that the method proposed in this paper can effectively avoid the influence caused by the difference of seismic performance of buildings and accurately evaluate seismic intensity when using remote sensing technique. The method has certain application value for earthquake emergency work. 相似文献
10.
遥感影像识别方法是破坏性地震震后地质灾害快速、准确获取的重要方法之一,传统的遥感影像识别方法主要以人工目视识别方法和半自动识别方法为主,需投入大量的人力和时间。针对破坏性地震震后地质灾害解译时间长、投入人力多等问题,以2017年8月8日四川九寨沟7.0级地震震后高分辨率无人机遥感影像为研究样本,提出基于深度学习网络的地震地质灾害识别方法。首先结合震后遥感影像解译资料和现场调查资料,提取九寨沟地震地质灾害无人机遥感影像特征,并构建研究区地震地质灾害解译指标和分类数据集;然后采用DeepLabv3+网络结构及softmax损失函数,建立基于深度学习网络的地震地质灾害遥感影像图像语义分割模型方法;最后采用半监督学习方法进行结果验证。研究结果表明,基于深度学习网络的地震地质灾害识别方法可有效识别九寨沟地震地质灾害分布信息,整体分类识别准确率为94.22%,F1分数值为0.77,结果具有较好的一致性和准确性,可提升地震现场灾情获取和重点地震隐患识别等工作效率及服务能力。 相似文献
11.
KAMAL M. AL-YAHYA 《Geophysical Prospecting》1991,39(1):77-93
The Karhunen-Loève (K–L) transform is an effective technique for suppressing spatially uncorrelated noise, but because of its high computational cost, fast transforms, such as the Fourier transform, have been more favoured. Two techniques that combine to make the K–L transform feasible for seismic data processing are discussed. The first technique filters the data for limited dips. For each dip, linear moveout is applied to the seismic sections so that events with this dip are made flat. By interpolation, we can include dips that are fractions of a sample/trace. After linear moveout, zero-lag K–L filtering is applied followed, by inverse linear moveout; the results from all dips are added to form the final filtered data. The second technique is blocking, in which the seismic section is divided into blocks small enough for each block to be processed using relatively small matrices; the processed blocks are assembled to form the final filtered section. Using a combination of these techniques, seismic sections can be filtered at a reasonable cost using the K-L transform. 相似文献
12.
房屋建筑数据是地震重点危险区预评估工作的基础,需基于获取到的房屋建筑信息开展人员伤亡、经济损失、救援物资需求等预评估工作。历年地震重点危险区预评估工作能够通过现场调查得到的房屋建筑信息占比极小,仅能进行抽样调查。因此,为批量完成危险区内全部房屋建筑损失估算,需基于遥感影像获取房屋建筑矢量数据,并建立数据库。为实现全国地震重点危险区预评估工作中大批量建筑物矢量化数据的快速获取,本文采用基于遥感影像的建筑物空间分布数据批量获取方法,得到地震重点危险区内建筑物空间矢量数据,结合现场抽样调查得到的建筑物属性信息,建立地震重点危险区建筑物空间分布数据库,进而为地震重点危险区灾害损失预评估工作提供数据基础。本文采用的方法可广泛应用于地震重点危险区房屋建筑信息获取工作中,可提高工作效率,降低工作成本,提升预评估工作的科学性和准确性。 相似文献
13.
针对人工源宽角地震测深中炮点与接收点稀疏的特点,利用几何散射理论进行壳幔散射体的相似性剖面成像,利用互易性原理计算散射体相似性成像的时间条件,研究基于宽角反射地震资料重建壳幔反射结构的相似性成图方法. 其中,成像点的时间采用快速、高精度的程函方程求解技术. 利用该方法处理东南陆缘区宽角反射剖面实际资料,结果表明,较之壳幔反射结构的CDP成图技术,相似性成图方法具有提高反射同相轴横向连续性的能力. 相似文献
14.
An optical process is used first to study the effects of the ghost on seismic records. Two different techniques are described in the present paper to reject the ghost energy. The first process uses a vertical stacking of delayed charges sequentially fired. The second method is achieved by means of addition of two records from different shot-depths after filtering. These two processing methods are applied to field examples. 相似文献
15.
强地震发生后, 道路是抗震救灾的生命线, 快速有效地提供灾区可通行道路的状况可为地震应急救援力量的部署提供强有力的信息支撑。 基于遥感图像的震害道路识别是遥感地震应急领域中的难点, 但对于地震应急具有无可比拟的价值。 在总结分析地震前后道路影像特征的基础上, 系统地介绍了遥感影像道路提取方法, 之后介绍了遥感震害道路评估工作流程, 重点阐述了遥感震害道路提取与评估方法, 然后综合分析了遥感道路提取在地震应急中的不足, 最后展望了未来遥感技术在震害道路提取与评估中的应用。 相似文献
16.
The fast processing, seismic damage data extraction and loss evaluation from RS imagery acquired immediately after a destructive earthquake occurs, are important means for compen-sating the insufficiency of seismic damage information from ground-based investigations and provide an important basis for emergency command and rescue. The paper introduces the method of emergency seismic damage assessment using remote sensing data and its application to the great Wenchuan earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurring in southwest Sichuan Province on May 12, 2008. The practical effectiveness of the method is also evaluated in the paper. 相似文献
17.
Abstract The use of remote sensing information in operational hydrology is relatively limited, but specific examples can be cited for determining precipitation, soil moisture, groundwater, snow, surface water and basin characteristics. The application of remote sensing in hydrology can be termed operational if at least one of two conditions are met: (a) the application produces an output on a regular basis, or (b) the remote sensing data are used regularly on a continuing basis as part of a procedure to solve a problem or make decisions. When surveying the various operational applications, simple approaches and simple remote sensing data sets are the most successful. In the data-sparse developing countries, many operational remote sensing approaches exist (out of necessity) that may not be needed in developed countries because of existing data networks. To increase the use of remote sensing in operational hydrology in developed countries, pilot projects need to be increased and information services must be improved. Increased utilization of GIS to combine remote sensing with other information will promote new products and applications. End user training must be improved by focusing on satellite data processing and manipulation. In developing countries the same improvements are needed plus some more basic ones. There is a need for international monetary assistance to establish long-term remote sensing data, improved database systems and image processing capabilities. There is also the need to set up innovative regional training centres throughout the developing world. 相似文献
18.
We report two examples from the south of the French Alps, showing that radon emanation monitored by alpha-sensitive film may be used to locate certain discrete structural features revealed in data collected by remote sensing from a satellite. The variations observed in our data, over a period of several months, are in accordance with atmospheric changes and might correlate with local seismic activity when the detectors are located directly above structural fractures and the magnitude of the seismic event is greater than 2. 相似文献
19.
Accurate well ties are essential to practical seismic lithological interpretation. As long as the geology in the vicinity of the reservoir is not unduly complex, the main factors controlling this accuracy are the processing of the seismic data and the construction of the seismic model from well logs. This case study illustrates how seismic data processing to a near-offset stack, quality control of logs and petrophysical modelling improved a well tie at an oil reservoir. We demonstrate the application of a predictive petrophysical model in the preparation and integration of the logs before building the seismic model and we quantify our improvements in well-tie accuracy. The data for the study consisted of seismic field data from a 3D sail line through a well in a North Sea oilfield and a suite of standard logs at the well. A swathe of fully processed 3D data through the well was available for comparison. The well tie in the shallow section from first-pass seismic data processing and a routinely edited sonic log was excellent. The tie in a deeper interval containing the reservoir was less satisfactory: the phase errors within the bandwidth of the seismic wavelet were of the order of 20°, which we consider too large for subsequent transformation of the data to seismic impedance. Reprocessing the seismic data and revision of the well-log model reduced these phase errors to less than 10° and improved the consistency of the deep and shallow well ties. The reprocessing included densely picked iterative velocity analysis, prestack migration, beam-forming multiple attenuation, stacking the near-offset traces and demigration and remigration of the near-offset data. The petrophysical model was used to monitor and, where necessary, replace the P-wave sonic log with predictions consistent with other logs and to correct the sonic log for mud-filtrate invasion in the hydrocarbon-bearing sand. This editing and correction of the P-wave transit times improved the normal-incidence well tie significantly. The recordings from a monopole source severely underestimated the S-wave transit times in soft shale formations, including the reservoir seal, where the S-wave velocity was lower than the P-wave velocity in the drilling mud. The petrophysical model predicted an S-wave log that matched the valid recordings and interpolated between them. The subsequent seismic modelling from the predicted S-wave log produced a class II AVO anomaly seen on the CDP gathers around the well. 相似文献
20.
The utilization of the double focal transformation for sparse data representation and data reconstruction 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In many cases, seismic measurements are coarsely sampled in at least one dimension. This leads to aliasing artefacts and therefore to problems in the subsequent processing steps. To avoid this, seismic data reconstruction can be applied in advance. The success and reliability of reconstruction methods are dependent on the assumptions they make on the data. In many cases, wavefields are assumed to (locally) have a linear space–time behaviour. However, field data are usually complex, with strongly curved events. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the double focal transformation as an efficient way for complex data reconstruction. Hereby, wavefield propagation is formulated as a transformation, where one‐way propagation operators are used as its basis functions. These wavefield operators can be based on a macro velocity model, which allows our method to use prior information in order to make the data decomposition more effective. The basic principle of the double focal transformation is to focus seismic energy along source and receiver coordinates simultaneously. The seismic data are represented by a number of localized events in the focal domain, whereas aliasing noise spreads out. By imposing a sparse solution in the focal domain, aliasing noise is suppressed, and data reconstruction beyond aliasing is achieved. To facilitate the process, only a few effective depth levels need to be included, preferably along the major boundaries in the data, from which the propagation operators can be calculated. Results on 2D and 3D synthetic data illustrate the method's virtues. Furthermore, seismic data reconstruction on a 2D field dataset with gaps and aliased source spacing demonstrates the strength of the double focal transformation, particularly for near‐offset reflections with strong curvature and for diffractions. 相似文献