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随着油气勘探开发的不断发展,利用地震属性进行储层预测的方法得到了广泛的应用,并且在生产中取得了较好的效果.本文采用的谱分解和地震多属性联合的方法进行储层厚度预测,克服了单一属性分析存在的多解性和多属性分析在断层处预测不准确的问题,以及仅利用谱分解方法时,由于其预测基础的限制,部分复杂地区对砂体厚度的预测效果存在一定误差这一问题,可以较为准确地预测出目的层的储层厚度,同时,在传统地震分析中非常难发现的地质信息,谱分解之后比较容易发现,有助于进一步解释.实际地震资料结合井信息和分层数据的标定,对储层厚度的预测进行了较为详细的研究.研究结果表明,此方法在原理和实际应用上都是可行的,提出了一种储层厚度预测的新方法. 相似文献
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本文以地震精细解释为基础,利用研究区已有的地震和测井资料,采用地震波形指示反演的方法,对研究区主要目的层段进行了储层的精细预测.在预测中通过对地震波形指示反演方法的适用性及主要相关参数(有效样本数,最佳截止频率)的优选,综合分析不同方向的反演成果剖面,东西走向的反演成果剖面横向上砂岩的连续性相对于南北走向反演成果剖面较好,没有发生较为明显的间断,砂岩整体厚度左厚右薄;但是纵向上东西走向反演成果剖面砂岩出现的叠置现象较少或者没有出现;平面上,研究区目的层段砂岩储层经历了水进和水退的沉积变化,并在不同的沉积环境中,发育了不同规模和不同位置的砂岩储层,通过切片演化分析砂岩储层的变化特征,为下一步油气勘探提供储层预测的依据. 相似文献
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储层预测技术已成为岩性油气藏勘探中的一项常规技术.厄瓜多尔西海岸地区蕴含着丰富的石油和天然气资源,但整个地区勘探程度相对较低,使用宽带约束地震反演技术进行储层预测是非常必要的.选择瓜亚基尔工区,使用地震纯波数据进行储层预测研究.首先进行测井曲线标准化处理,利用阻抗-伽玛交汇图分析确定储层岩石地球物理特征,然后针对目的层进行稀疏脉冲反演和储层厚度的计算,最后对反演结果和储层平面分布特征进行分析,确定有利勘探目标.预测的砂岩厚度和已钻井实测的砂岩厚度之间的误差很小,吻合较好,从而证明了该技术的有效性. 相似文献
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针对地震反演薄储层的厚度预测多解性强,且难以适应碳酸盐岩溶洞储层地层横向突变的状况,难以满足该类储层定量描述和储量计算的要求等问题.在综合考虑到溶洞型储层顶底地震反射对偶响应的特点、以及深入分析了储层厚度变化与合成地震记录波形和能量的变化特征,而提出了一种储层地震响应特征建立与厚度定量预测的方法即为建立储层厚度谱.该方法主要关键技术是:地震子波精确提取、一组不同储层厚度变化与合成地震响应模型库的建立、在镶边余弦平方衰减梯度函数约束下构建地震波形和能量特征双重约束的储层厚度谱、预测误差分析以及储层厚度三维定量预测.该方法的特点是充分利用储层厚度变化引起的波形和能量的差异,不需要井约束和层位约束,克服了部分人为干扰,减少了预测多解性.预测结果的垂向分辨率突破了传统的1/4波长的限制,一般可达1/20～1/40波长,对于最难预测的薄互层也能达到1/8波长.实际资料表明该方法对于非均质储层等特殊储层预测有较好的推广和应用价值. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(6)
薄储层预测一直是困扰地球物理学家的难题,由于受地震频带的限制,现有的地震数据分辨率有限,很难识别厚度小于5 m的薄储层.谱反演技术利用了反射系数序列的偶分量和奇分量特征,与常规反演理论相比能够更好地识别薄层.前人对此进行了很多研究,也取得了很多有价值的成果,但是多集中在稀疏条件下的谱反演,需要提前确定反射系数的位置,在实际应用中很难提前知道哪里存在反射系数,哪里不存在反射系数.本文将Moore-Penrose算法应用于谱反演领域,在非稀疏条件下提高谱反演的分辨率.首先利用模型验证本文方法的有效性,然后在模型中加入噪声验证本文方法的稳定性,最后将其应用于实际地震资料,证明了其在拓展地震频谱、提高地震分辨率方面的优势,为后续薄储层的预测及研究提供良好的数据基础. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地A区块目的层为致密砂岩储层,具有低孔、低渗、非均质性强且厚度薄等特点.常规资料无法分辨薄储层,为满足研究需求,研究区通过提高分辨率处理,获取了宽频地震资料.如何应用宽频资料预测含气有利区成为该区天然气开发面临的主要难题之一.在岩石物理分析的基础上,探索"两步法"分频迭代宽频反演含气性预测方法,首先应用分频反演方法预测泥质含量,在此基础上充分利用地震的高频信息,探索分频迭代约束稀疏脉冲反演方法预测纵波阻抗.将以上结果相结合,预测出A区块本溪组的致密砂岩储层含气有利区.实际应用结果表明,该方法能够有效地预测含气有利区,在一定程度上减少了多解性. 相似文献
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随着油气田开发程度越来越高,勘探难度越来越大,如东部的老油田已经进入开发的后期,如何识别薄层砂体是非常重要的工作之一,解决这些难题这势必需要更先进的技术.地震属性能够很好的反映砂体横向展布特征,但是单一属性无法定量预测砂体厚度,而多属性之间又存在多解性,因此有必要提炼地震属性之间的共同点,将地震属性进行信息融合,形成新的融合属性.针对这一问题,本文提出首先利用高频谐波提高地震数据的分辨率,在此基础上着重研究基于概率核的地震属性融合方法,融合了几种常见的地震属性,并结合波阻抗反演方法,预测了N873区块沙三6-3小层砂体厚度.结果显示该方法能够很好的反映砂体横向展布特征,避免了地震属性多解性问题,为提高砂体预测的精度,提供了新的思路和方法. 相似文献
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天山地震集中发生于多震层(Seismogenic Layer)中,中强震及巨大地震则均发生在地壳上部的多震层中。多震层的分布与地壳厚度、低速层、地质构造及其它地球物理因素有关,且天山东、中、西各段多震层的分布特征各异。通过对研究区中强地震主体活动分区、划分地震幕及分析其它地震活动性参数认为:近百年来中亚地区地震活动的演化经历了几次起伏式的大衰减。目前天山地震带东段为地震活跃带。本文用勃朗(Brown)线性指数平滑预测方法预测该段未来7.0级大震可能发生的时间为1994年左右。 相似文献
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At many sites on soft ground, spectral ratios (ratios of smoothed Fourier amplitude spectral ordinates at the site to those at a station on firm ground) for distant earthquakes are little sensitive to focal mechanism and coordinates and to magnitude. Spectral ratios furnish directly expected Fourier amplitude spectral ordinates at the site of interest. The corresponding response spectra can be estimated through the use of random vibration theory. This step is obviated by resorting directly to ratios of response spectral ordinates. Through comparisons for several sites on the Valley of Mexico we find that these ratios are as stable as those of Fourier amplitude spectral ordinates. 相似文献
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A structural mode was used to characterize vegetation composition at the plant leaf level and a flourishing-withering ratio was developed. The spectral responses of vegetation with different flourishing-withering ratios were analyzed, the change rates of the chlorophyll and moisture content indices of vegetation with different flourishing-withering ratios were compared, and correlations between the chlorophyll and moisture content indices were analyzed. The results reveal that leaves with an intermediate flourishing-withering ratio can increase the absorption signatures of vegetation and that band ranges of 570–700 nm and 1300–1540 nm can play a role in indicating changes in the flourishing-withering ratios of vegetation; NPQI, NPCI, R695/R420, R695/R760, R750/R700, the peak-value area of red selvedge, the red selvedge amplitude, the ratio between the red selvedge amplitude and the minimum amplitude, and the NDVI of vegetation change regularly with the change in flourishing-withering ratios, and these nine vegetation indices are highly related to the chlorophyll content. Vegetation indexes of NDWI and PRI are very sensitive to the flourishing-withering change in vegetation and are closely related to the moisture content, and the correlation coefficient is higher than 0.9. The derivative of the spectra is more effective in describing changes in the structural mode of vegetation with different flourishing-withering ratios, especially at band ranges of 552–628 nm and 630–686 nm, and it is more sensitive to the mixed flourishing-withering ratios of leaves rather than to the vegetation indices. The red selvedge position in the spectrum is highly related to the chlorophyll content and is not sensitive to changes in the structural mode of mixed flourishing-withering leaves. The red selvedge parameters are sensitive to changes in the flourishing-withering ratio at the peak-value area of the red selvedge amplitude and the ratio between the red selvedge amplitude and the minimum amplitude. The effect of a sand background on the spectrum of withering leaves is higher than that of flourishing leaves; the effect of a sand background increases with increasing proportions of withering leaves, the superposition effect of the sand background on mixed flourishing-withering leaves is about 7% at visible light bands of 400–700 nm and 1300–1540 nm, and is over 10% at the near infrared band range of 700–1300 nm. 相似文献
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A. R. Rao A. Durgunoglu 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1988,2(1):35-50
Autoregressive (AR) and Autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) methods of spectral analysis have been developed and are being increasingly used as alternatives to traditional methods of spectral analysis. Two of these methods developed by Marple and Friedlander are tested in this study by using generated data from models with known spectra. The Blackman-Tukey spectral estimates are also compared to the Marple and Friedlander estimates. The variability of the Marple and Friedlander estimates with sample sizes is investigated. Although both Marple's and Friedlander's methods are satisfactory, Friedlander's method is preferred because of its ability to handle a wider class of models. 相似文献
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分频解释技术已经越来越多的应用到地震储层预测和油藏描述中,成为地震解释的一种常规技术手段,分频解释技术中分频RGB颜色融合显示方法因其独有的视觉效果也开始受到关注.本文介绍了分频混色技术在高精度地震解释中的应用以及在应用过程中应注意的几点问题,包括优选高精度频谱分解方法、RGB颜色融合技术应用中频率选择的原则等.在此基础上,进一步探讨了分频数据RGB混色方法能有效解决地震沉积学中地层切片精度不满足薄储层预测的问题.RGB颜色融合显示方法能充分发掘高精度地震数据宽频的优势,得到精度更高的储层预测结果. 相似文献
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Spectral phases of surface waves radiated at the seismic source are recovered by means of the Hilbert transform of spectral amplitudes. Through numerical simulations as well as the study of an earthquake with well known focal mechanism, it is shown that the recovered phases satisfy a criterion of coherency, so that they can be used in an inversion process for the retrieval of the seismic moment tensor. 相似文献
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Spatial variation of the surface micro‐relief in a Sharkey clay soil was investigated. The micro‐relief measurements of the soil surface were obtained using an automated infrared laser system and evaluated with methods of Fourier analysis. The authors illustrate the spectral technique with a simple example and then use the technique to interpret the surface micro‐relief patterns of soil samples subjected to three simulated rainstorm intensities. The periodicity of the soil surface micro‐relief in the longitudinal direction was 80–120 mm. The periodic surface micro‐relief patterns immediately following the rainstorm are shown to be an early manifestation of the cracking pattern. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Dr. F. Volz 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1955,31(1):119-123
Summary The indices of the wavelength dependency of the haze extinction which were currently determined from measurements of solar radiation and visibility at Mainz, show pronounced seasonal variations. The summer values are in general definitely higher than in winter. There is no connection with the scatter light types of the sky-light or with the meteorological situation.
Zusammenfassung Die Wellenlängenexponenten der Dunstextinktion, die in Mainz laufend aus Messungen der Sonnenstrahlung und der Sicht bestimmt wurden, zeigen starke jahreszeitliche Variationen. Insbesonders sind die Werte im Sommer meist deutlich höher als im Winter. Ein Zusammenhang mit den Streulichttypen des Himmelslichts oder der meteorologischen Situation besteht nicht.
Sommaire L'exposant de la longueur d'onde de l'extinction brumeuse qui a été déterminé de façon continue des mesures de la radiation solaire et de la visibilité montre des fortes variations annuelles. Tout spécialement les valeurs sont d'été sensiblement plus élevées que celles en hiver. Une relation avec les types de lumière diffuse céleste et la situation météorologique n'existe pas.相似文献
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nua m¶rt; nma aaua a, umua m nma, m n¶rt;um umau nuau un nmam. m¶rt; annua aaum nauu Pi2 u Pc3 u amu u u ¶rt;. ¶rt;a ma m ¶rt; nmam nuau aamumu u u auum m aum amumu. 相似文献
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An empirical spectral ground-motion model for Iran 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
A new ground-motion prediction equation for 5%-damped horizontal spectral acceleration applicable to Iran is presented. On
the basis of analysis of variance (ANOVA), selected West-Eurasian records are added to an existing dataset of Iranian accelerometric
data to yield a ground-motion prediction equation applicable at wider ranges of magnitude and distance. The advantages of
using this model rather than those proposed previously for Iran are discussed by considering the distribution of residuals
against the explanatory variables, magnitude and distance. The applicability of the proposed model, as well as those of several
other models developed for shallow crustal environments, is also investigated by means of statistical tools. The results reveal
the overall suitability of the new model as well as the validity of models developed using mainly Eurasian strong-motion records.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: ) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献