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1.
本文基于锥束CT滤波反投影重建的FDK算法,通过两种算法改进并结合基于共享内存的OpenMP并行技术和代码优化,实现了锥束CT图像的快速重建.基于锥束CT实际投影数据的重建结果表明,图像重建速度得到了较大的提高,断层图像重建质量与FDK原型算法相当. 相似文献
2.
CT值是医学CT重建图像的一个必备要素,在某些场合下已成为医生诊断疾病的辅助工具,比如骨密度测量、图像分割与识别等。本文介绍一种锥束CT的CT值转换方法。借助Sedentex CT模体,分别获得5种材料的标称CT值和锥束CT衰减系数重建值,并经线性拟合,建立起标称CT值和衰减系数重建值之间的转换方程。最后,分析对比度噪声比和图像灰度值均匀性偏差在CT值转换后的变化情况。 相似文献
3.
圆轨道锥束重建精度与锥角关系的研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
目的：深入研究Radon空间的数据缺失与锥角的关系改进算法。方法：相对于二维CT重建，锥束重建有着诸多优势，因此目前得到越来越广泛的应用。圆轨道锥束重建，因为算法上的简洁性以及工程实现的可行性，成为了锥束重建比较乐于采用的形式。但是由于圆轨道几何结构的限制，使其不能够得到完备的锥束重建数据，只有在锥角较小的情况下才能得到，因此深入研究Radon空间的数据缺失与锥角的关系以改进算法。结果：通过一定的近似得到了一个它们之间比较简单的关系。结论：基于这一关系提出了改进算法 相似文献
4.
千伏级锥束CT在放射治疗、外科手术、口腔疾病诊断等领域都有广泛的应用。然而,频繁地使用千伏级锥束CT,也会给患者甚至医生带来额外的射线辐射损伤。相关统计结果表明,X射线辐射能够诱发癌症,特别是儿童和女性对射线辐射异常敏感。因此,合理使用锥束CT,同时降低锥束CT辐射剂量,对于降低射线辐射并发症风险显得非常重要。本文总结了降低锥束CT辐射剂量的常用措施,包括降低管电流、局部扫描、脉冲扫描、短扫描以及少投影扫描。辐射剂量的降低有可能会在重建图像中引入噪声、伪影。针对特定的问题,本文也提出了对应的补偿方法。 相似文献
5.
基于平板探测器的锥束CT散射校正方法 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
针对基于平板探测器的锥束CT系统固然存在的散射伪影,提出在X射线源和被检测物体之间添加一个射束衰减网格装置的散射校正方法。本文首先介绍了射束衰减网格的实验装置,然后推导了基于射束衰减网格的锥束CT散射校正方法,最后通过圆柱样品实验验证了算法的可行性。实验结果表明,研究提出的散射校正方法能有效减少基于平板探测器的锥束CT系统散射伪影,提高了重建切片图像的质量。 相似文献
6.
在分析锥束CT平板探测器校正方法及环形伪影残留原因的基础上,提出一种简便的基于空气扫描的锥束CT环形伪影校正方法。该方法首先在同一锥束CT系统中采用相同参数进行空气扫描和被测物体扫描,然后分别重建出系列切片图像,最后由被测物体切片图像与空气切片图像对应相减实现残留环形伪影的校正,同时起到一定的降噪作用。实验结果验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。 相似文献
7.
基于二维平板探测器技术的锥束CT系统广泛应用于放射治疗前的摆位验证,但在以胰腺癌为代表的腹腔肿瘤放疗应用中会遇到呼吸运动和肠道蠕动导致的严重阴影与条状伪影问题,难以从CT影像中分辨病灶区域。由于胰腺等柔性脏器在呼吸运动作用下会存在非刚性形变,体表运动监测结果和实际脏器运动间存在难以量化的偏差,也难以监测以肠道蠕动为代表的不规则运动,故腹腔锥束CT运动伪影修正问题缺乏有效解决方案。本文基于生物动力学理论和人体生理学常识,提出全新的无需运动监测或体内标记物植入的放疗图像引导锥束CT运动伪影修正方法,设计基于伪影图像特征、融合各类CT图像域处理算法的伪影修正策略。将该策略应用于临床腹腔锥束CT影像处理后所得结果表明锥束CT图像质量有显著改善,典型软组织区域的平均CT数误差从90 HU降到30 HU,肠道空腔边界和周边软组织信息得到部分恢复。本文开发的伪影修正策略无需呼吸门控或增加投影数,避免标记物植入手术,可集成到现有工作流,为胰腺癌放疗图像引导提供肿瘤定位信息。 相似文献
8.
潘晓川教授的反投影滤波(BPF)新型重建算法介绍 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
计算机断面成像(CT)的精确重建方法一直是现代CT成像领域中一个活跃的研究方向。近几年,关于平行束、扇束、锥束CT精确重建的研究取得了一系列重要的突破和创新成果。本文主要介绍了美国芝加哥大学潘晓川教授为首的课题组提出的一类基于反投影卷积(BackprojectionFiltration:BPF)的CT精确重建算法。BPF算法最重要的贡献在于它成功地解决了从沿探测器方向截断的投影数据进行CT精确重建的问题;因此,通过BPF算法能够设计出针对目标的感兴趣区域成像策略,减少成像扫描、重建时间,辐照剂量和散射光子。 相似文献
9.
锥束CT图像重建算法 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
随着螺旋多层面CT的出现，医用CT正在向着螺旋锥束CT转变，从螺旋锥束数据来重建图像有许多优点，但是这种成像方式在数学上比较复杂，技术实现也有相当的难度。本文介绍这一领域的重要成果，特别是近年文献中的基本思想，文中涉及及各种主要重算法，包括准确重建，近似重建和迭代重建算法，简言之，当数据是完整的，无噪音的，应选择准重建方法，当数据是有噪音的和／或受物体运动干扰，近似重建会有较好的性能，而当数据是不可靠的和被载截断时，迭代方法可以发挥作用，今后主要研究方向是对这些算法进行改进，比较它们的特性，并将其优点结合到一起。 相似文献
10.
Feldkamp-type-VOI锥束CT重建算法加速的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文具体介绍了一种Feldkamp-type感兴趣区域锥束CT重建方法.首先,我们分析了算法的特点:继而利用锥束扫描模式存在的对称性的反投影优化性质进行算法优化;最后,通过Shepp-Logan数值模拟实验显示优化方法可有效提高图像重建的速度且几乎不影响图像质量. 相似文献
11.
选取2016—2020年宁陕地震台TJ-Ⅱ型体积式钻孔应变仪观测资料,基于观测质量和映震能力,系统分析应变仪运行状况及地震监测效能。结果表明：该台体应变观测资料质量整体较好,但数据连续率及完整率尚有待提升;体应变仪映震能力较强,可记录国内MS≥7.0和国外MS≥7.4地震;同震形变响应分析结果表明,同震响应最大变幅与震中距满足A = aeblg D的负相关关系,与震级满足A = aebM的正相关关系。 相似文献
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13.
对地下地质构造进行正确成像是地震勘探的最终目的,由于三维地震资料采集不可能都沿垂直构造走向的方向进行,为地震资料的三维处理带来了许多困难. 本文将三维叠后拉东投影偏移思想应用于三维叠前处理中,提出了三维叠前投影偏移算法. 利用拉东投影变换的原理,将整个三维叠前数据体投影到一系列各方向的径向线上,各方位角的构造都包含在其中某条或多条径向剖面上. 投影完成后,形成一系列的独立的二维叠前测线,可采用二维叠前深度偏移成像方法来实现各径向线的叠前偏移,当各径向剖面偏移完成后,在时间切片上进行反投影,从而最终形成三维叠前深度偏移结果. 实际应用表明,用本方法进行三维叠前深度偏移时,深度偏移剖面对横向分辨率有所提高,对陡地层和小断层的成像效果有所改善. 相似文献
14.
Compressibility of porous rocks: Part II. New relationships 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ali Ahmed Jalalh 《Acta Geophysica》2006,54(4):399-412
Pore volume compressibility is one of the physical properties of a reservoir that must be specified in many reservoir-engineering
calculations. The main objective of this work is to provide new general formulas for pore volume compressibility versus porosity
on the basis of measured compressibilities of some limestone and sandstone rocks in a wide range of porosity values and of
varied type; the measurements were performed on Hungarian reservoir rock samples. The obtained laboratory results were compared
with the published correlations of consolidated limestone samples as well with values for friable and strongly consolidated
sandstones. The validity of using compressibility data from the literature was investigated. The measured data showed poor
agreement with the published correlations.
The first approach to find better and more accurate rock compressibility correlations consisted of combing all the data available
from the literature, using the same formula of Horne’s type. However, this attempt did not give satisfying fitting results.
In the next step, by using twelve different fitting formulas, and other comprehensive nonlinear fitting regression programs,
new rock compressibility correlations for limestone and sandstone rocks, with better goodness of fit, were developed. These
new correlations can be generalized and used for most of oil and gas reservoirs. 相似文献
15.
Reliable estimation of the volume and timing of snowmelt runoff is vital for water supply and flood forecasting in snow‐dominated regions. Snowmelt is often simulated using temperature‐index (TI) models due to their applicability in data‐sparse environments. Previous research has shown that a modified‐TI model, which uses a radiation‐derived proxy temperature instead of air temperature as its surrogate for available energy, can produce more accurate snow‐covered area (SCA) maps than a traditional TI model. However, it is unclear whether the improved SCA maps are associated with improved snow water equivalent (SWE) estimation across the watershed or improved snowmelt‐derived streamflow simulation. This paper evaluates whether a modified‐TI model produces better streamflow estimates than a TI model when they are used within a fully distributed hydrologic model. It further evaluates the performance of the two models when they are calibrated using either point SWE measurements or SCA maps. The Senator Beck Basin in Colorado is used as the study site because its surface is largely bedrock, which reduces the role of infiltration and emphasizes the role of the SWE pattern on streamflow generation. Streamflow is simulated using both models for 6 years. The modified‐TI model produces more accurate streamflow estimates (including flow volume and peak flow rate) than the TI model, likely because the modified‐TI model better reproduces the SWE pattern across the watershed. Both models also produce better performance when calibrated with SCA maps instead of point SWE data, likely because the SCA maps better constrain the space‐time pattern of SWE. 相似文献
16.
We provide a comparative analysis of the spatio-temporal dynamics of hydraulic fracturing-induced microseismicity resulting from gel and water treatments. We show that the growth of a hydraulic fracture and its corresponding microseismic event cloud can be described by a model which combines geometry- and diffusion-controlled processes. It allows estimation of important parameters of fracture and reservoir from microseismic data, and contributes to a better understanding of related physical processes. We further develop an approach based on this model and apply it to data from hydraulic fracturing experiments in the Cotton Valley tight gas reservoir. The treatments were performed with different parameters such as the type of treatment fluid, the injection flow rate, the total volume of fluid and of proppant. In case of a gel-based fracturing, the spatio-temporal evolution of induced microseismicity shows signatures of fracture volume growth, fracturing fluid loss, as well as diffusion of the injection pressure. In contrast, in a water-based fracturing the volume creation growth and the diffusion controlled growth are not clearly separated from each other in the space-time diagram of the induced event cloud. Still, using the approach presented here, the interpretation of induced seismicity for the gel and the water treatments resulted in similar estimates of geometrical characteristics of the fractures and hydraulic properties of the reservoir. The observed difference in the permeability of the particular hydraulic fractures is probably caused by the different volume of pumped proppant. 相似文献
17.
大地震前体应变临震异常现象 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
本文对2011年1月至2014年4月间全球发生的80次MS≥7级地震前,二张营台和天堂河台Sacks体应变临震异常现象进行了研究,针对复杂震例提出了异常识别的前提条件。统计结果显示,体应变观测对震中距为8000km范围内的MS≥7级地震映震和前兆异常反映较好。同时,对异常现象进行了分类和描述,划分了三种异常类型:即固体潮畸变型、突变型和慢地震型,并对各种类型作了统计分析,初步探讨了力学性质。结果发现,体应变异常信息对未来大地震的发生具有一定的预示意义。 相似文献
18.
AbstractThere are very few studies of fractured porous media that use distance- and time-dependent dispersion models, and, to the best of our knowledge, none which compare these with constant dispersion models. Therefore, in this study, the behaviour of temporal and spatial concentration profiles with distance- and time-dependent dispersion models is investigated. A hybrid finite volume method is used to solve the governing equations for these dispersion models. The developed numerical model is used to study the effects of matrix diffusion coefficient, groundwater velocity and matrix and fracture retardation factor on concentration profiles in the application of constant, distance-dependent and time-dependent dispersion models. In addition, an attempt is made to evaluate the applicability of these dispersion models by using the models to simulate experimental data. It was found that a better fit to the observed data is obtained in the case of distance- and time-dependent dispersion models as compared to the constant dispersion model. Thus, these numerical experiments indicate that distance- and time-dependent dispersion models have better simulation potential than the constant dispersion model. 相似文献
19.
针对目标区下第三系储层横向变化快,沉积特征不明显等特点,为提高滚动探井、开发井的钻探成功率,本文研制形成一套具有针对性的油气藏勘探预测研究方法.即运用多井约束波阻抗地震反演方法来预测砂体展布,同时对生成的地震波阻抗反演数据体中的振幅、厚度等暗含的有效信息进行提取,对砂体的分布范围及厚度变化进行准确而精细的描述和预测,最终依据此法优选有利相带,部署井位,取得了很好的勘探开发效果. 相似文献