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1.
榆林市农业景观格局变化研究 总被引：12，自引：7，他引：5
根据1986年和2000年两期TM影像资料和其他辅助资料, 运用人机交互解译方法以及地理信息系统的空间分析和数理统计功能, 分析了榆林市农业景观格局变化, 包括土地利用数量变化、变化速度和区域差异等特征, 以及各景观类型之间的转化情况, 并对景观格局变化进行了定量分析。结果表明: 14a间, 榆林市未利用地减少1305.56km2, 其中主要是沙地减少; 耕地、林地、草地分别增加567.11km2、99.6km2和616.79km2; 未利用地和建设用地的变化率最大, 分别为-22.11%和18.18%; 土地利用变化存在明显的区域差异; 各类型间的转化突出表现为未利用地向草地转化, 草地向林地和耕地转化。榆林市近十几年景观类型发生了明显转换, 土地整治取得显著成绩。 相似文献
2.
基于遥感调查数据集定量分析了1990—2015年中国黄土高原地区耕地的时空变化特征和口粮绝对安全最小耕地保障面积的数量变化。结果表明：黄土高原耕地面积从1990年的192 529.65 km2至2015年的182 688.50 km2，净减少了9 841.14 km2，幅度达5.11%，其中2000—2010年的减幅最大，净减少8
483.00 km2；较大的耕地动态变化图斑主要分布于中部和西部区域，细碎的变化图斑广泛分布；耕地地类转出面积（31 875.82 km2）大于转入面积（21 815.25 km2），耕地面积的增加主要由草地和林地转化而来，主要分布在灌溉农业区和东南部平原区，减少的耕地主要转化为草地和林地，主要分布在中部沟壑区的雨养农业区。此外，该时期耕地转化为建筑用地和交通用地等人工表面的面积逐渐增加，主要分布在东南部低海拔平原地区；黄土高原口粮绝对安全所需最小耕地保障面积呈明显减少特征（从1990年的70 913.37 km2下降到2015年的33 981.64 km2），占该区耕地总面积比例呈明显缩减态势（从1990年的36.83%缩减到2015年的18.60%），目前耕地总量的净减少未对口粮绝对安全的耕地保障数量造成大的影响。 相似文献
3.
基于天山托木尔峰青冰滩72号冰川2008年高精度差分GPS测量资料,2009年末端重复测量数据以及1964年地形图,通过对比研究近45 a来该冰川的变化特征,结果表明:1964~2009年,青冰滩72号冰川末端退缩1 852 m,年均后退41 m,由此造成面积减少约为1.53 km2,年均减少0.03 km2;1964~2008年,冰舌平均减薄9.59±6 m,年均减薄约0.22±0.14 m,冰储量亏损达14.1±8.8×10-3 km3(12.7±7.9×10-3 km3 w.e.)。与天山其它区域典型监测冰川相比,青冰滩72号冰川消融强烈,是区域气候、末端海拔、冰川类型、表碛覆盖等因素综合影响的结果。 相似文献
4.
叶如藏布流域冰川和冰湖众多,冰川融水是当地重要的淡水资源,是冰湖扩张的重要补给,冰湖溃决是当地潜在的自然灾害,因此分析该区域冰川和冰湖的现状与变化特征具有重要的现实意义。基于Landsat系列遥感影像,分析1990—2020年叶如藏布流域冰川和冰湖的分布与变化特征。结果表明：（1） 近30 a来叶如藏布流域冰川面积整体呈退缩趋势,由1990年167.80 km2退缩到2020年128.92 km2,共退缩38.88 km2,年均退缩率为0.77%·a-1,且研究区冰川主要分布在海拔5800~6400 m之间,集中分布在5°~20°的坡度上。（2） 与冰川变化趋势相反,研究时段冰湖整体表现为扩张趋势,由1990年5.72 km2增加到2020年8.81 km2,30 a共增加3.09 km2,年均增长率为1.80%·a-1。（3） 冰湖主要分布在海拔5000~5600 m范围内,坡度在0~10°分布面积较多,表碛覆盖型冰川与非表碛覆盖型冰川对冰湖有着不同程度的影响。（4） 1990—2017年叶如藏布流域温度与降水波动较大,温度整体呈上升趋势,降水量则波动下降,导致叶如藏布流域的冰川消融,冰湖扩张。通过上述研究以期为叶如藏布流域地区提供详细的冰川和冰湖面积分布与变化特征基础数据,为防灾减灾提供一定的支撑。 相似文献
5.
1990~2015年韩国土地覆被变化及其驱动因素 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以中等分辨率Landsat系列影像为数据源,利用面向对象的图像分析（OBIA）方法,研究1990~2015年韩国土地覆被变化的主要特征与驱动因素。研究发现：近25 a来,韩国人工表面、林地、湿地、耕地和水体面积变化较大。人工表面扩张最为明显,面积增加了1 847.24 km2（+38.97%）,主要发生在以首尔为中心的首都圈地区,多由耕地和林地转化而来。林地、湿地和耕地面积分别减少776.71 km2、707.32 km2和426.65 km2 。过去25 a间韩国土地覆被变化主要集中分布在海拔较低（<100 m）和坡度较小（<3°）的区域。人类活动因素,如人口增长、城市扩张、经济发展及政策调控等是造成韩国土地覆被变化的主要原因。 相似文献
6.
白洋淀湖沼湿地系统景观格局演变及驱动力分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以白洋淀湖沼湿地系统为研究对象,分析了1979年、1991年、2000年和2006年4个时期白洋淀湖沼湿地系统景观格局演变过程及其湿地景观格局指数的动态变化,并剖析白洋淀湖沼湿地系统格局演变的驱动力。研究结果表明,研究期内湿地面积呈减少趋势,由1979年的404.5 km2缩减到2006年的338.4 km2,且减少部分大多转化为耕地;同时,各景观类型分布趋于集中分布,但景观多样性降低。1979-2006年期间,1979-1991年时段内的湿地景观格局指数变化最快,之后变缓。近30年内耕地斑块面积、边界密度和面积加权平均邻近指数最大;建设用地的斑块数量最多,斑块密度最大;各湿地景观类型的平均分维数都接近1,形状都比较简单。引起湿地系统景观格局演变的主要原因包括气候、水文过程以及社会经济和政策等因素。 相似文献
7.
利用2006和2007年北京1号小卫星多光谱数据,对中国四大沙地和八大沙漠地区沙漠和沙漠化土地分布状况及其动态变化进行研究。结果表明:2007年研究区内沙漠和沙漠化土地总面积为69.18×104km2,占研究区总面积的25.03%,其中重度区面积占14.88%,中度区占5.10%,轻度区占5.05%。2006~2007年研究区内共有440块图斑发生变化,总变化面积为876.41km2,沙漠化土地增加面积47.57km2,减少面积为373.39km2。沙漠化土地类型间的转换面积为455.45km2,主要以轻度和中度沙漠化土地之间相互转化最为明显。 相似文献
8.
新疆阿勒泰地区2002-2011年地表水资源变化趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在RS技术支持下,应用气象数据（主要为气温、降水）、基础地理数据及2002-2011年时间序列的Landsat TM、ETM+、MODIS/Terra+Aqua MCD43A4遥感影像产品,对阿勒泰地区地表水资源时空变化特征进行了分析,探索气象因素影响下阿尔泰山冰川积雪和地表水资源之间的相互作用。结果表明：在研究时段内,阿尔泰山6月2日的冰川积雪面积呈波动增加趋势,8月21日的冰川积雪面积则呈波动减少趋势。从景观格局的特征来看,随着夏季冰雪融水量增加,水资源量总体呈上升趋势,在研究时段内水域总面积增加了57.91 km2,增加面积主要来源于湖泊和水库,2011年的湖泊和水库面积分别为1 044.33 km2和196.27 km2,比2002年分别增加了16.67 km2和101.79 km2;沼泽湿地和坑塘湿地的面积变化呈一定的起伏,2002-2011年间面积分别减少了35.91 km2和24.27 km2,湖泊和水库的破碎度较低,沼泽湿地、河流和坑塘湿地的破碎度高,表明沼泽湿地、河流和坑塘湿地对气象因素变化较敏感。 相似文献
9.
景观多样性指数(LDI)不仅是景观生态学研究中的一个重要指标,而且也是生物多样保护中的重要层次。基于土地利用栅格数据(30 m分辨率),在ArcMap环境中采用Neighborhood和Focal工具对宁夏沿黄绿洲LDI时空变化和尺度依赖特征进行了研究。结果表明：(1)基本单元(正方形)边长90～6000 m 5个时期重复统计分析表明宁夏沿黄绿洲景观在空间上具有明显的尺度依赖特征,转折点在3000 m。(2)近50 a来研究区LDI变化具有周期性,2000年是转折点。其中,1975—2000年LDI呈降低趋势,LDI分区分析显示以退化区斑块类型面积(CA)最大和好转区CA最小为主要特点,分别为6840 km2和1332 km2。2000—2020年LDI呈增加趋势,以稳定区CA最大和退化区CA最小为主要特点,分别为7848 km2和792 km2;由于此阶段初始LDI(2000年)最低,LDI后期好转程度没有达到前期水平。(3)LDI分级面积转换以前期好转区向后期稳定区流转(796km2<... 相似文献
10.
近50年来松嫩平原西部土地利用变化及驱动力分析 总被引：18，自引：15，他引：3
在遥感和地理信息系统技术支持下,对松嫩平原西部土地利用方式、景观格局的动态变化进行定量研究。结果表明:过去近50年里,松嫩平原西部耕地净增加29.65×104hm2,其中草地与湿地对耕地的增加贡献最大;草地减少70.29×104 hm2,除部分草地转化为耕地外,退化为盐碱地、沙地也是草地大量减少的一个重要原因;松嫩平原西部现有沼泽湿地面积44.88×104 hm2,近50年来减少62.54%。景观破碎化严重,不同土地利用类型间频繁转化,表明各种土地景观间存在不稳定因素,自然和人为因子在景观的转化中有不可忽略的作用,但人为因子的作用更显著。 相似文献
11.
The expansion of agriculture is posited as one of the main dynamics of forest landscape change globally, and the robust modeling of these processes is important for policy as well as academic concern. This paper concerns a relatively small area of Yiluo River catchment where considerable attention has been paid to slow down the process of the expansion of agriculture into the remaining natural forests. In the present study, we reconstructed the former forest landscape structure and elucidated the landscape change during a period of about 15 years. Three sets (1987, 1996 and 2002) of maps derived from Landsat-5 images were used for analyses. The result showed that there was a decrease in the area of the forest landscape from 995.60 km2 in 1987 to 650.50 km2 in 2002. Then we examined the degree to which forest landscape conversion could be attributed to a set of factors identified as significant at broader scales, namely topography, distribution of the village clusters (centroids), distance from villages (centroids), and distance from forest edge (1987). By using “spatial analysis” in Arc/gis 8.3, the correlation between forest landscape change and driving factors was constructed. This study found that forest landscape conversion in this region was largely explained by elevation, slope and proximity to village. 相似文献
12.
伊洛河流域森林景观变化驱动因素 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
1 Introduction Landscapes are the outcome of the interaction between socio-economic and natural forces (Wrbka et al., 2004). During the evolution of cultural landscapes throughout the world, human activities have become dominant factors shaping most lands… 相似文献
13.
近20年来伊洛河流域典型地区森林景观格局动态 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Based on the information from forest resources distribution maps of Luoning County of 1983 and 1999,six indices were used to analyze spatial patterns and dynamics of forest landscapes of the typical region in the middle of the Yihe-Luohe river basin.These indices include patch number,mean patch area,fragment index,patdch extension index,etc,The results showed that;(1) There was a rapid increase in the number of patch and total area from 1983 to 1999 in the study area,The fragment degree became very high.(2) The area of all the forest patch types had witnessed great changes,The fractal degree of each forest patch type became big from 1983 to 1999 ,The mean extension index of Robinia pseudoacacia forest ,non- forest shrub forest ,sparse forest ,and Quercus species forest in creased rapidly,but that of economic forest became zero ,The fractal dimension each showed that forest coverage has been promoted.(3)The changes of landscape patterns were different in different geomprhic regions.From 1983 to 1999 the vegetation cover area,the gross number and the density of patch,diversity and evenness of landscape were all reduced greatly in gullies and ravines,but the maximum area and the mean area of patch types were increased ,In hilly region,both the forest cover area and the number of patch increased from 1983 to 1999,but the mean area of patch was reduced greatly,In mountain region,even though the area under forest canopy reduced from 1983 to 1999 ,the patch number was increased greatly,the mean area of all patch types was reduced ,the extension index,diversity index and evenness index of landscape were all increased.Furthermore,because of different types of land use,human activtiy and terratin ,the vegetation changes on northern and southern mountain slopes were different.According to these analyses,the main driving forces,such as the policies of management,market economy,influence of human activities etc.are brought out. 相似文献
14.
Based on the information from forest resources distribution maps of Luoning County of 1983 and 1999, six indices were used to analyze spatial patterns and dynamics of forest landscapes of the typical region in the middle of the Yihe-Luohe river basin. These indices include patch number, mean patch area, fragment index, patch extension index, etc. The results showed that: (1) There was a rapid increase in the number of patch and total area from 1983 to 1999 in the study area. The fragment degree became very high. (2) The area of all the forest patch types had witnessed great changes. The fractal degree of each forest patch type became big from 1983 to 1999. The mean extension index of Robinia pseudoacacia forest, non-forest, shrub forest, sparse forest, and Quercus species forest increased rapidly, but that of economic forest became zero. The fractal dimension each showed that forest coverage has been promoted. (3) The changes of landscape patterns were different in different geomorphic regions. From 1983 to 1999 the vegetation cover area, the gross number and the density of patch, diversity and evenness of landscape were all reduced greatly in gullies and ravines, but the maximum area and the mean area of patch types were increased. In hilly region, both the forest cover area and the number of patch increased from 1983 to 1999, but the mean area of patch was reduced greatly. In mountain region, even though the area under forest canopy reduced from 1983 to 1999, the patch number was increased greatly, the mean area of all patch types was reduced, the extension index, diversity index and evenness index of landscape were all increased. Furthermore, because of different types of land use, human activity and terrain, the vegetation changes on northern and southern mountain slopes were different. According to these analyses, the main driving forces, such as the policies of management, market economy, influence of human activities etc. are brought out. 相似文献
15.
伊洛河流域典型地区森林景观格局动态 总被引：28，自引：1，他引：27
以野外调查资料和1983~1999年森林资源分布图为主要信息源,用ARC/INFO作为空间信息处理工具,采用斑块数、平均斑块面积、破碎化指数、斑块伸长指数、分数维、稳定度等指标分析了近20年来伊洛河流域中部典型地区的森林景观格局动态。结果表明,(1) 研究区内森林总面积在增加,斑块数量迅速增大,由556块增至1 494块。其中以刺槐林、经济林和杨树林斑块数量增加最多。景观破碎化程度明显加大。(2) 森林景观要素中灌木林、刺槐林、经济林、杨树林、栎林等斑块的面积有所增加,而非林地、荒草地、疏林、油松林等斑块的面积有所减小;除杨树林外,各森林类型斑块的平均面积都在减小。 (3) 研究区内沟谷植被覆盖面积共减少了220 827.9 hm2;丘陵森林覆被面积由1983年的161 870.4 hm2增加到1999年的312 599.7 hm2,增加了93.1%;斑块数目由79块增加到758块,增加了860%。而丘陵地区斑块平均面积却大大减小;山地森林覆被面积有所减少,由1983年的375 348.6 hm2减小到1999年的338 733.9 hm2,而斑块数却大幅度增加,由1983年的432块增加到1999年的1 127块,增加了695块。(4) 研究区南北山坡森林景观格局变化明显不同,这与南北坡土地类型不同、人类活动方式不同和地形地势的差别有关。 相似文献
16.
BY LENNART STRÖMQUIST INGVAR BACKÉUS 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2009,91(1):31-45
Landscapes bear witness to past and present natural and societal processes influencing the environment and human livelihoods. By analysing landscape change at different spatial scales over time the effects on the environment and human livelihoods of various external and internal driving forces of change can be studied. This paper presents such an analysis of miombo woodland surrounding the Mkata plains in central Tanzania. The rich natural landscape diversity of the study area in combination with its historical and political development makes it an ideal observation ground for this kind of study. The paper focuses on long‐term physical and biological changes, mainly based on satellite information but also on field studies and a review of documents and literature. The miombo woodlands are highly dynamic semi‐arid ecosystems found on a number of nutrient‐poor soil groups. Most of the woodlands are related to an old, low‐relief geomorphology of erosion surfaces with relatively deep and leached soils, or to a lesser extent also on escarpments and steep Inselberg slopes with poor soils. Each period in the past has cast its footprints on the landscape development and its potential for a sustainable future use. On a regional level there has been a continual decrease in forest area over time. Expansion of agriculture around planned villages, implemented during the 1970s, in some cases equals the loss of forest area (Mikumi‐Ulaya), whilst in other areas (Kitulangalo), the pre‐independence loss of woodland was small; the agricultural area was almost the same during the period 1975–1999, despite the fact that forests have been lost at an almost constant rate over the same period. Illegal logging and charcoal production are likely causes because of the proximity to the main highway running through the area. Contrasting to the general regional pattern are the conditions in a traditional village (Ihombwe), with low immigration of people and a maintained knowledge of the resource potential of the forest with regards to edible plants and animals. In this area the local community has control of the forest resources in a Forest Reserve, within which the woody vegetation has increased in spite of an expansion of agriculture on other types of village land. The mapping procedure has shown that factors such as access to transport and lack of local control have caused greater deforestation of certain areas than during the colonial period. Planned villages have furthermore continued to expand over forest areas well after their implementation, rapidly increasing the landscape fragmentation. One possible way to maintain landscape and biodiversity values is by the sustainable use of traditional resources, based on local knowledge of their management as illustrated by the little change observed in the traditionally used area. 相似文献
17.
民勤土地利用格局时空变化研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
应用1987年和2010年两期TM遥感数据,在GIS技术的支撑下,解译提取民勤县土地利用类型空间分布信息,用FRAGSTATS3.3软件计算斑块类型和景观两个层次的7个景观格局指数,分析民勤县土地利用类型空间转化特点和质心转移趋势。结果表明：（1）23年间,民勤县土地利用类型转换明显,戈壁、耕地面积增加,草地面积减少,林地部分退化。（2）土地类型多样性和均匀度减小、聚集度增加,表明人类活动对民勤县土地利用影响大,土地利用结构受个别土地类型影响程度加深、稳定性下降。（3）民勤县土地利用质心整体向西南方向偏移,沙漠、耕地质心向西南方向偏移明显,沙进人退的趋势显著。 相似文献
18.
科尔沁沙地沙漠化时空演变及其景观格局——以内蒙古自治区奈曼旗为例 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
利用1975 年MSS影像, 1992 年、2006 年、2010 年TM影像和1999 年ETM +影像等5 个时期遥感影像为数据源, 提取奈曼旗35 年来沙漠化土地动态变化信息, 并在此基础上, 探讨了区域沙漠化土地景观格局时空演变特征, 旨在为科尔沁地区沙漠化治理和区域生态环境恢复与重建提供参考。结果表明:(1) 35 年来, 奈曼旗沙漠化土地面积总体呈逆转的趋势, 沙漠化总面积减少了123.43 km2, 沙漠化土地主要经历了先增加后减少的过程;(2) 景观格局呈波动性变化, 1999 年以前, 景观形状指数和多样性指数增加, 蔓延度和聚集度减小, 破碎化程度加强, 沙漠化程度上升, 沙漠化主导类型为中度和重度沙漠化, 1999 年以后破碎化程度变弱, 沙漠化程度明显下降, 沙漠化主导类型转变为中度和轻度沙漠化;(3) 1975-2010 年间轻度和中度沙漠化土地重心迁移最为明显, 轻度沙漠化土地重心向东北方向偏移了6.35 km, 中度沙漠化土地重心向西南方向偏移了7.24 km。 相似文献
19.
Tropical forests have been recognized as having global conservation importance. However, they are being rapidly destroyed in many regions of the world. Regular monitoring of forests is necessary for an adaptive management approach and the successful implementation of ecosystem management. The present study analyses the temporal changes in forest ecosystem structure in tribal dominated Malkangiri district of Orissa, India, during 1973–2004 period based on digitized forest cover maps using geographic information system (GIS) and interpretation of satellite data. Three satellite images Landsat MSS (1973), Landsat TM (1990) and IRS P6 LISS III (2004) were used to determine changes. Six land cover types were delineated which includes dense forest, open forest, scrub land, agriculture, barren land and water body. Different forest types were also demarcated within forest class for better understanding the degradation pattern in each forest types. The results showed that there was a net decrease of 475.7 km2 forest cover (rate of deforestation = 2.34) from 1973 to 1990 and 402.3 km2 (rate of deforestation = 2.27) from 1990 to 2004. Forest cover has changed over time depending on a few factors such as large-scale deforestation, shifting cultivation, dam and road construction, unregulated management actions, and social pressure. A significant increase of 1222.8 km2 agriculture area (1973–2004) clearly indicated the conversion of forest cover to agricultural land. These alterations had resulted in significant environmental consequences, including decline in forest cover, soil erosion, and loss of biodiversity. There is an urgent need for rational management of the remaining forest for it to be able to survive beyond next decades. Particular attention must be paid to tropical forests, which are rapidly being deforested. 相似文献
20.
三江平原别拉洪河流域湿地农田化过程研究 总被引：10，自引：6，他引：10
自20世纪50年代以来,三江平原的别拉洪河流域在经历了3次大规模开荒后,大面积的湿地被农田所替代,耕地面积迅速增加,湿地农田化过程干扰和破坏了原有的湿地环境。在遥感和地理信息系统技术支持下,应用景观生态学方法,利用1954年、1976年、1986年、2000年和2005年的土地利用数据,分析了研究区近50 a来的湿地农田化过程。结果显示,湿地农田化过程中大面积的湿地斑块被农田斑块所取代,破碎化的小耕地斑块又逐渐合并为大的耕地斑块,并导致斑块形状复杂度指数逐渐增大,景观均匀度指数呈现波动变化;耕地面积在1954~1986年期间增长幅度较大,特别是在20世纪70年代末和80年代初的改革开放初期,研究区景观动态度为0.201,远高于其它时期;目前,农田景观已成为主要景观类型,农田面积占研究区总面积的63.69%,湿地面积占研究区总面积的比例由1954年的64.83%减小到2005年的19.44%。质心模型的分析结果显示,近50 a来研究区耕地景观质心平移幅度明显大于湿地景观,湿地景观质心不断地向东北方向移动,偏移了约20.5 km,而农田景观质心逐渐向东平移,平移了约44.7 km。农业开垦是研究区湿地大面积消退的主要原因。 相似文献