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1.
Seasonal and year-to-year variability in the intensity of the 557.7 nm line of atomic oxygen atmospheric emission and its dependence on solar activity in the 23rd solar cycle is considered. The experimental data of the 557.7 nm emission observations in Eastern Siberia obtained in 1997–2008 and the NRLMSIS-00 atmospheric model are used. For particular considered characteristics of the 557.7 nm emission, differences between the experimental data and model approximations for the 23rd solar cycle are noted. Possible causes of the discovered discrepancies are discussed.  相似文献   

2.
Vertical profiles of nitric oxide in the altitude range 90 to 105 km are derived from 553 nm nightglow continuum measurements made with the Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). The profiles are derived under the assumption that the continuum emission is due entirely to the NO+O air afterglow reaction. Vertical profiles of the atomic oxygen density, which are required to determine the nitric oxide concentrations, are derived from coordinated WINDII measurements of the atomic oxygen OI 557.7 nm nightglow emission. Data coverage for local solar times ranging from 20 h to 04 h, and latitudes ranging from 42°S to 42°N, is achieved by zonally averaging and binning data obtained on 18 nights during a two-month period extending from mid-November 1992 until mid-January 1993. The derived nitric oxide concentrations are significantly smaller than those obtained from rocket measurements of the airglow continuum but they do compare well with model expectations and nitric oxide densities measured using the resonance fluorescence technique on the Solar Mesosphere Explorer satellite. The near-global coverage of the WINDII observations and the similarities to the nitric oxide global morphology established from other satellite measurements strongly suggests that the NO+O reaction is the major source of the continuum near 553 nm and that there is no compelling reason to invoke additional sources of continuum emission in this immediate spectral region.  相似文献   

3.
The effect of anomalously high average nighttime intensities of the atomic oxygen 557.7-nm atmospheric emission (luminescence heights 85–115 km) during sudden winter stratospheric warming events (SWEs) in Eastern Siberia is considered. Analysis of the variations in the 557.7-nm emission intensity (I 557.7) revealed the interdaily I 557.7-nm variations during SWEs and high average monthly I 557.7-nm values in the winter months in conditions of high solar activity. It has finally been found that the variations with periods of several days, at a maximum of which anomalously high daily values of I 557.7 are observed, are superposed on the average I 557.7-level during SWEs at high solar activity. A high average level of I 557.7 in the winter months in Eastern Siberia can be related to the fact that the atomic oxygen concentration at altitudes of the 557.7 nm emission luminescence increases by a factor of 2–3 in years of high solar activity.  相似文献   

4.
An improved resonant fluorescence instrument for measuring atomic oxygen concentration was developed to avoid the Doppler effect and the aerodynamic shock effect due to the supersonic motion of a rocket. The shock effect is reduced by adopting a sharp wedge-shaped housing and by scanning of the detector field of view to change the distance between the scattering volume and the surface of the housing. The scanning enables us to determine absolute values of atomic oxygen concentration from relative variation of the scattered light signal due to the self-absorption. The instrument was calibrated in the laboratory, and the numerical simulation reproduced the calibration result. Using the instrument, the altitude profile of atomic oxygen concentration was observed by a rocket experiment at Uchinoura (31°N) on 28 January 1992. The data obtained from the rocket experiment were not perfectly free from the shock effect, but errors due to the effect were reduced by the data analysis procedure. The observed maximum concentration was 3.8× 1011 cm−3 at altitudes around 94 km. The systematic error is estimated to be less than ±0.7×1011 cm−3 and the relative random error is less than±0.07× 1011 cm−3at the same altitudes. The altitude profile of the OI 557.7-nm airglow was also observed in the same rocket experiment. The maximum volume emission rate was found to be 150 photons cm−3 s−1 at 94 km. The observed altitude profiles are compared with the MSIS model and other in situ observations.  相似文献   

5.
研究了高频电波加热电离层实验期间电子能量分布函数,利用美国HAARP和欧洲EISCAT实验中630.0 nm、557.7 nm与844.6 nm等气辉辐射测量结果,给出了在红光与绿光强度比值小于10和比值大于等于10两种情况下电子能量分布函数表达式,在3~100 eV电子能量范围内,分段幂指数因子随电子能量的增加而下降,并利用获得电子能量分布函数对其他电离层加热期间气辉辐射进行计算,红光与绿光辐射强度之比与实验测量结果相符,从而验证了获得的电子能量分布函数.  相似文献   

6.
A rare case, when non-thermal profiles of the [OI] 557.7 nm line with the dissociative components shifted relative to an ordinary Doppler kernel appear in auroras, is considered. Based on an analysis of these profiles, it has been indicated that the dissociative component is shifted because the electric field is present during the recombination of O 2 + ion with background electrons in the ionospheric F region. The electric field component along the line of sight of the Fabry-Pérot interferometer (24 mV m?1) has been estimated using the Doppler shift of the dissociative component of the 557.7 nm profile emission as an example.  相似文献   

7.
测量夜间135.6 nm大气气辉辐射强度是目前有效的电离层探测方式之一,我国即将在风云三号卫星上搭载仪器,利用该波段夜气辉辐射测量来反演电子总含量(本文所指电子总含量表示卫星高度以下大气柱的电子含量)及峰值电子密度,因此非常有必要开展相关的气辉发光模型及反演研究.在介绍氧原子135.6 nm波段夜气辉激发机制基础上,考虑辐射在传输过程中受到大气氧原子的散射及氧气分子的吸收,采用迭代法求解包含多次散射及大气吸收衰减的辐射传输方程,得到该波段的体发射率,最终通过考虑包含辐射传输的路径积分计算得到135.6 nm气辉辐射强度值.对结果的分析表明:该气辉模型能较好地描述体发射率随高度的分布特征,计算得到的135.6 nm夜气辉辐射强度在不同时空及太阳活动的分布与相应条件下峰值电子密度(NmF2)及电子总含量(TEC)的分布基本一致.相同的时空及太阳活动输入条件下,模式计算的135.6 nm夜气辉辐射强度与国外同类模式结果的值平均偏差约为3%.文中最后介绍了通过135.6 nm夜气辉的辐射强度探测来反演电离层峰值电子密度NmF2及电子总含量TEC的反演方法.  相似文献   

8.
Volume emission rate profiles of the O(1D-1S) 5577 Å dayglow measured by the WIND imaging interferometer on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite are analyzed to examine the O(1S) excitation mechanisms in the sunlit lower thermosphere and upper mesosphere. The observed emission profiles are compared with theoretical profiles calculated using a model which takes into account all of the known daytime sources of O(1S). These include photoelectron impact on atomic oxygen, dissociative recombination of O+2, photodissociation of molecular oxygen, energy transfer from metastable N2(A3+u) and three body recombination of atomic oxygen. Throughout most of the thermosphere the measured and modelled emission rates are in reasonably good agreement, given the limitations of the model, but in the region below 100 km, where the oxygen atom recombination source is likely to dominate, the measured emission rates are considerably larger than those modelled using the MSIS-90 oxygen atom densities. This discrepancy is discussed in terms of possible inadequacies in the MSIS-90 model atmosphere and/or additional sources of O(1S) at low altitude.  相似文献   

9.
The variability of diurnal, day-to-day, and monthly average rates of the 557.7-nm atmospheric emission (I 557.7) is considered. We use 1997–2010 airglow observation data obtained for the upper atmosphere over Eastern Siberia (52°N, 103°E). The variation coefficient KV of corresponding quantities is taken as the variability index. For the 23rd solar cycle, we examine the resulting seasonal variation of KV of monthly averaged I 557.7, the dependence of monthly averaged I 557.7 on solar activity for each month, the variation coefficient of diurnal values of I 557.7 for different seasons of the year, the variability of I 557.7 during some geophysical events, and the correlation of I 557.7 variations with global climatic indices.  相似文献   

10.
Fabry-Perot Interferometer(FPI) has been used widely for wind measurements of the middle and upper atmosphere.To date, most of FPIs have been based on full-closed circular fringe, which needs 15–25 min to obtain a group of wind velocity(zonal and meridional). However, it is hard to improve the temporal resolution because full-closed circular fringe in several directions cannot be easily imaged onto the same Charge-Coupled Device(CCD) with enough airglow intensity. In this paper, a data processing method is proposed for non-full circular fringe of FPI, which can support CCD with enough area of observations in several directions simultaneously. The method is focused on the center determination of non-full fringe. It includes radial cross-section, peak coordinate determination, and center calculation. Based on the calculated center, the fringe is annular summed. Then its radius is determined subsequently using Gaussian fitting. Finally, the wind is retrieved from the fringe radius. For validation, fringes from two ground-based FPIs were used, which are deployed in Kelan(38.71°N, 111.58°E) and Xinglong(40.40°N, 117.59°E) in China. The results retrieved from non-full fringes of FPIs were compared with that from full-closed circular fringe. The averaged wind deviation between them demonstrates reasonable difference with 5.38 ms~-(1) for 892.0 nm airglow emission, 5.81 ms~-(1) for 630.0 nm emission, and 3.03 ms~-(1) for 557.7 nm emission. Besides, wind results of Xinglong FPI are compared roughly with measurements of meteor radar which is deployed in Ming Tombs of Beijing(40.3°N,116.2°E). Good agreement demonstrates that this method is robust enough for FPI wind retrieval of mesosphere and thermosphere.  相似文献   

11.
A model of auroral precipitation (AP) developed on the basis of statistical processing of DMSP F6 and F7 satellite data (Vorobjev and Yagodkina, 2005, 2007) was used for the calculation of the global distribution of the auroral luminosity in different spectral ranges. The algorithm for the calculation of the integral intensity in bands N2 LBH (170.0 nm), ING N 2 + (391.4 nm), 1PG N2 (669.0 nm), and (OI) 557.7-nm emission is shown in detail. The processes of formation of electronically excited atoms O(1S) as a result of the transport of excitation energy from metastable state N2(A3Σ u + ), excitation of O(3P) by primary and secondary electrons, and dissociative recombination were taken into account to calculate the intensity of emission at 557.7 nm. A high correlation between the model distribution of the auroral luminosity in the UV spectral range and the observations of the Polar satellite is demonstrated.  相似文献   

12.
For the first time, the spatial variations caused by the IGW generated in the troposphere when the air flow around the Kopet-Dag mountain ridge are detected based on the measurements of the spatial distribution of the 557.7 nm atomic oxygen emission intensity. The measurements were carried out at Vannovskii station, the Physicotechnical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Turkmen SSR.  相似文献   

13.
Based on observations of mesopause emissions, namely, emissions of hydroxyl (band (6-2)) and molecular oxygen (band (0-1) of the atmospheric system), their systematic nighttime and seasonal variations are determined at Zvenigorod Observatory in 2000–2008. It is shown that the intensity of hydroxyl emission decreases during the entire night or first half-night, probably due to the influence of the chemical sink of atomic oxygen on the nighttime behavior of hydroxyl emission. The nighttime behavior of the intensity of molecular oxygen emission is explained by the action of atmospheric tides. The seasonal behavior of emissions is characterized by two minima, in April–May and December; it is caused by the annual behavior of the atomic oxygen content, temperature, and atmospheric density in the emitting layer. Based on the emission data, we determined the seasonal variations of atomic oxygen at heights of ∼87 km (maximum of hydroxyl emission) and ∼95 km (maximum of molecular oxygen emission).  相似文献   

14.
An all-sky CCD imager designed to measure wave structure of the OH, O2b(0,1) and OI557.7 nm airglow emission layers in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region has been operated near the equatorial region at São João do Cariri (Cariri), Brazil, (7.5°S, 36.5°W). A large number of gravity wave was observed from September 2000 to September 2002 and among them 64 wave events were identified as mesospheric bores. The bore front shows a horizontal extension greater than 1000 km, and observed in the airglow layers as a complementary brilliance between the three emissions. At the first time mesospheric bore events were observed and analyzed in the equatorial region. Their predominant characteristics, occurrence, local time dependency, morphology and propagation direction will be presented and discussed.  相似文献   

15.
本文利用中国北极黄河站多波段全天空极光观测数据,选取稳定的日侧极光弧,统计研究了极光强度比I_(557.7)/I_(630.0)与极光发光强度I_(557.7)的相关关系.发现I_(557.7)在午前暖点和午后热点区附近出现极大值,分别为2.2kR和2.9 kR;而I_(630.0)在磁正午出现极大值,为1.5kR.当I_(557.7)从0.1kR增加到10kR时,极光强度比I_(557.7)/I_(630.0)也由0.2增加到9.结合DMSP卫星探测的沉降粒子能谱数据,找到17个DMSP卫星穿越黄河站上空极光弧的事件,共穿越40条极光弧.得到了沉降电子的平均能量正比于极光强度比I_(557.7)/I_(630.0),沉降电子的总能通量正相关于极光强度I_(557.7)的关系式.利用该关系式反演所有极光弧的电子能谱,发现在午前和午后扇区,产生极光弧的沉降电子主要来源于等离子体片边界层;在高纬出现强度较弱的弧,对应等离子体幔区域.在磁正午附近,沉降电子的平均能量较低,极光弧处于低纬一侧,粒子源区主要是低纬边界层.  相似文献   

16.
More than 3800 measurements of the 630.0, 557.7, and 427.8 nm emission intensities have been statistically manipulated, and the dependences of the I 630/I 427.8 and I 557.7/I 427.8 ratios on the I 427.8 nm emission intensity have been obtained. The I 630/I 427.8 ratio decreases from 2 to 0.4 when the I 427.8 nm emission intensity increases from 0.1 to 3 kR. In the I 427.8 nm emission range 0.1–1.8 kR, the I 557.7/I 427.8 ratio tends to increase and takes the values 4.2–6.4. The experimental results have been confirmed by theoretical calculations. The obtained I 557.7/I 427.8 ratios suggest that the NO density at a maximum of its height profile is on the average 108 cm?3 in typical nighttime auroras.  相似文献   

17.
We studied the inter-annual distributions of the nightglow intensities of the thermosphere atomic oxygen red 630.0 nm and green 557.7 nm lines observed from Abastumani during cloudless nights, the planetary geomagnetic Ap index, solar F10.7, and galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) flux. It is demonstrated that: on magnetically weakly disturbed/ quiet conditions (Ap < 12) in equinoctial months the red line intensities are minimal, while those of the green line are maximal; the red line intensity increases in May-July and is comparatively low in June, where, unlike most mid-latitude regions, the green line intensity is maximal. The red and green line intensities increase with growing solar activity but their behaviors stay the same, which is considered as a possible regional manifestation of lower and upper atmosphere vertical coupling. It was also detected that, for cloudless nights in June, the number of magnetically disturbed day-nights is maximal and the decrease of the GCRs flux is the biggest during a year.  相似文献   

18.
The optical observations on Heiss Island (Φ′ = 75.0°) have been used to study the characteristics of auroras in the near-noon MLT sector after abrupt increases in the solar wind dynamic pressure at negative and positive polarity of the IMF B z component. It has been found out that the 427.8 and 557.7 nm emission intensities considerably increased at B z < 0 both equatorward of the dayside red luminosity band and within this band. The value of the emission intensities at a red luminosity maximum (I 6300/I 5577 ∼ 0.5) indicates that energetic electron precipitation is of the magnetospheric origin. At B z > 0, fluxes of harder (E > 1 keV) precipitating electrons were superimposed on the soft spectrum of precipitating particles in the equatorial part of the red luminosity band. This red band part was hypothetically caused by the low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL) on closed lines of the geomagnetic field, the estimated thickness of which is ∼3 R e . The 557.7 nm emission intensity increased during 3–5 min after SC/SI and was accompanied by the displacement of the red band equatorward boundary toward lower latitudes. The displacement value was ∼150–200 km when the dynamic pressure abruptly increased by a factor of 3–5. After SC/SI, the 630.0 nm emission intensity continued increasing during 16–18 min. It is assumed that the time of an increase in the red line intensity corresponds to the time of saturation of the magnetospheric boundary layers with magnetosheath particles after an abrupt increase in their density.  相似文献   

19.
This study compares the Isis II satellite measurements of the electron density and temperature, the integral airglow intensity and volume emission rate at 630 nm in the SAR arc region, observed at dusk on 4 August, 1972, in the Southern Hemisphere, during the main phase of the geomagnetic storm. The model results were obtained using the time dependent one-dimensional mathematical model of the Earth’s ionosphere and plasmasphere (the IZMIRAN model). The major enhancement to the IZMIRAN model developed in this study to explain the two component 630 nm emission observed is the analytical yield spectrum approach to calculate the fluxes of precipitating electrons and the additional production rates of N+2, O+2, O+(4S), O+(2D), O−(2P), and O+(2P) ions, and O(1D) in the SAR arc regions in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In order to bring the measured and modelled electron temperatures into agreement, the additional heating electron rate of 1.05 eV cm−3 s−1 was added in the energy balance equation of electrons at altitudes above 5000 km during the main phase of the geomagnetic storm. This additional heating electron rate determines the thermally excited 630 nm emission observed. The IZMIRAN model calculates a 630 nm integral intensity above 350 km of 4.1 kR and a total 630 nm integral intensity of 8.1 kR, values which are slightly lower compared to the observed 4.7 kR and 10.6 kR. We conclude that the 630 nm emission observed can be explained considering both the soft energy electron excited component and the thermally excited component. It is found that the inclusion of N2(v > 0) and O2(v > 0) in the calculations of the O+(4S) loss rate improves the agreement between the calculated Ne and the data on 4 August, 1972. The N2(v > 0) and O2(v > 0) effects are enough to explain the electron density depression in the SAR arc F-region and above F2 peak altitude. Our calculations show that the increase in the O+ + N2 rate factor due to the vibrationally excited nitrogen produces the 5–19% reductions in the calculated quiet daytime peak density and the 16–24% decrease in NmF2 in the SAR arc region. The increase in the O+ + N2 loss rate due to vibrationally excited O2 produces the 7–26% decrease in the calculated quiet daytime peak density and the 12–26% decrease in NmF2 in the SAR arc region. We evaluated the role of the electron cooling rates by low-lying electronic excitation of O2(a1δg) and O2(b1σg+), and rotational excitation of O2, and found that the effect of these cooling rates on Te can be considered negligible during the quiet and geomagnetic storm period 3–4 August, 1972. The energy exchange between electron and ion gases, the cooling rate in collisions of O(3P) with thermal electrons with excitation of O(1D), and the electron cooling rates by vibrational excitation of O2 and N2 are the largest cooling rates above 200 km in the SAR arc region on 4 August, 1972. The enhanced IZMIRAN model calculates also number densities of N2(B3πg+), N2(C3πu), and N2(A3σu+) at several vibrational levels, O(1S), and the volume emission rate and integral intensity at 557.7 nm in the region between 120 and 1000 km. We found from the model that the integral integral intensity at 557.7 nm is much less than the integral intensity at 630 nm.  相似文献   

20.
Basic properties of the mid-latitude traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) during the maximum phase of a major magnetic storm of 6–8 April 2000 are shown. Total electron content (TEC) variations were studied by using data from GPS receivers located in Russia and Central Asia. The nightglow response to this storm at mesopause and termospheric altitudes was also measured by optical instruments FENIX located at the observatory of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics (51.9°N,103.0°E), and MORTI located at the observatory of the Institute of Ionosphere (43.2°N, 77.0°E). Observations of the O (557.7 and 630.0 nm) emissions originating from atmospheric layers centered at altitudes of 90 and 250 km were carried out at Irkutsk and of the O2(b1∑g+−X3∑g−) (0-1) emission originating from an atmospheric layer centered at altitude of 94 km was carried out at Almaty. Our radio and optical measurement network observed a storm-induced solitary large-scale wave with duration of 1 h and a wave front width of no less than 5000 km, while it traveled equatorward with a velocity of 200 m/s from 62°N to 38°N geographic latitude. The TEC disturbance, basically displaying an electron content depression in the maximum of the F2 region, reveals a good correlation with growing nightglow emission, the temporal shift between the TEC and emission variation maxima being different for different altitudes. A comparison of the auroral oval parameters with dynamic spectra of TEC variations and optical 630 nm emissions in the frequency range 0.4–4 mHz (250–2500 s periods) showed that as the auroral oval expands into mid-latitudes, also does the region with a developed medium-sale and small-scale TEC structure.  相似文献   

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