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为了查明洪泽凹陷赵集次凹阜四段盐岩成因,利用录井、测井、古生物和地球化学资料,对苏北盆地洪泽凹陷赵集次凹古新统阜宁组四段(E1f4)的盐岩沉积特征进行了分析,发现阜四段含盐系地层主要发育石盐岩,硫酸盐岩次之,还有少量碳酸盐岩。石盐岩单层厚度大,纯度高,横向分布稳定。对比研究认为赵集次凹E1f4盐岩应为淮安凸起上白垩统浦口组(K2p)盐岩经溶解搬运至洪泽凹陷赵集次凹深水湖盆中,使盐度过饱和后再沉积成因。赵集次凹E1f4比淮安凸起K2p石盐岩矿层纯度高;盐岩洁净、盐间夹灰-深灰色泥岩,未见浅水蒸发构造;生物化石以陆相介形类为主,淡水滨浅湖的腹足类和轮藻化石稀少,在E1f4地层中存在仅见于K2p地层中的Cicat ricosisporites pseudoanrifer化石以及Welwitschiapitesningensis、Cicatricosisporites pseudoaurifer等;两地盐岩的卤水类型均为硫酸盐-氯化物型,而赵集次凹E1f4盐岩重金属元素含量较低。赵集次凹阜四段存在两个主要成盐期:上盐亚段与下盐亚段,对比研究发现二者的盐岩类型、特征及成盐序列有较大差异,尝试根据盐类物质供给的成分和速率的不同建立了相应的成盐模式:下盐亚段为深水近源快速补给"石盐岩-无水芒硝岩-石盐岩再沉积"成盐模式;上盐亚段为深水近源缓慢补给"钙芒硝岩-石盐岩再沉积"成盐模式。 相似文献
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杨山晚古生代沉积盆地成因类型及其与桐柏-大别造山带关系的探讨 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
杨山晚古生代沉积盆地位于桐柏-大别山北麓,它具有明显的前陆盆地沉积特点,由早期(D2?—C1)的复理石建造到晚期(C1—P?)的磨拉石建造;古生物地理分析表明其与华北、扬子陆块都有密不可分的联系,其间不可能有古洋盆的存在,因而它应当是桐柏一大别造山带碰撞造山过程中形成的前陆盆地。杨山晚古生代前陆盆地的形成说明,扬子陆块和华北陆块的陆-陆碰撞起始于晚泥盆世之前(S3—D2),而桐柏-大别造山带中生代的构造事件则可能代表一次大规模陆内逆冲-推覆作用。 相似文献
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察尔汗盐湖干盐湖演化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用基础资料从三位一体(干旱、沙漠、盐湖)、成盐阶段、同位素年龄及沉积特征等方面确定了察尔汗盐湖干盐湖的地质环境。从Sabha成盐作用和湖滨成盐作用为特征的地表成盐作用,及固体机械、液体次生为特征的地下成盐作用两方面阐述了察尔汗盐湖干盐湖的成盐作用。从干盐湖动态平衡、物质补给来源、变迁规律和演化阶段诸方面讨论了察尔汗盐湖干盐湖演变问题。 相似文献
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本文对8个初始模型和7个组合模型中沿断层的水热对流、断层产状、山体地形和沉积盆地与基岩热导率反差等四个影响因素对传导型地表热流分布的影响进行了计算机模拟研究。模型设计和参数的选值以西藏中北部一些地热区实测的传导-对流型热流为主要参考依据,但不直接涉及对流组分的校正,而着眼于更广泛的单因子和多因素的模型研究。分析中采用无量纲参数:α=(K1)/(K2)(K1和K2分别为基岩和沉积盆地的热导率),β=(q1)/(q2)(q1和q2分别为地表热流的垂向分量和模型的底部热流)以及γ=L/H(L和H分别为离模型左侧边界的距离和山体的高度),以求更广的普适性。对模拟结果的分析表明,上述四项影响因素依其重要性可排序为对流强度—断层倾角—介质热导率反差—地形效应。 相似文献
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中国钾盐区域分布与找钾远景 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
中国大陆是由不同古气候环境下的若干小陆块(克拉通)、微陆块和造山带拼合而成,既可与其他大陆块对比,又有其特殊性,因而导致中国海、陆相盐盆地构造环境和成盐成钾的某些特殊性,表现为:具有成盐多期性;成盐时代的差异性;成盐作用迁聚性;物质成分多样性;海相盐盆地规模较小;盐盆地后期变动大和液态矿产等特点。构造基底性质对钾盐盆地形成的具有关键性控制作用:稳定构造区在准稳定区有利聚钾;准稳定在局部稳定构造区利于聚盐成钾。中国主要的古代盐盆地多产于"准克拉通(陆块)"、特别是海相盐盆地均发育于前寒武纪为基底的陆块中,该区是找钾的关键地区。且规模较大的叠合结构可溶盐沉积多发育于较稳定的陆核中。按中国成盐盆地所在构造域特点,划分为华北盐类成矿域、扬子盐类成矿域、塔(里木)—柴(达木)盐类成矿域以及羌北—滇西盐类成矿带,并分别讨论其成盐找钾远景。 相似文献
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东特提斯构造演化与兰坪—思茅盆地蒸发岩的形成 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
兰坪—思茅盆地是中国西南部重要的成盐、成钾盆地,其大地构造位置处于东特提斯构造域,因此,特提斯的形成和演化对盆地成盐潜力、成盐规模和盐类分布规律有重要的影响。这种影响主要体现在:(1)古特提斯闭合之后,相关地块或地体上可残留陆表海,除了在相关地块内形成海相沉积盆地之外,海水还可能作为盐类物源补给迁移至相邻的沉积盆地;(2)兰坪—思茅盆地岩盐的物源除了来源于古特提斯闭合后的残留海,中特提斯期间的海侵作用也是重要补给形式,此外还受火山活动的影响;(3)新特提斯闭合后,印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞,使兰坪—思茅盆地内发育大量走滑拉分和逆冲推覆构造,古代岩盐的赋存位置和形式发生了调整改造。总之,特提斯构造演化可以从提供盐类沉积的物源、控制盆地可容空间的大小、限制沉积盆地的边界和调整古代岩盐的分布等方面影响兰坪—思茅盆地的成盐、成钾条件。所以,对特提斯构造演化清晰的认识不仅能够为理解兰坪—思茅盆地成盐、成钾的机理提供帮助,还能为部署钾盐勘探方案、预测钾盐有利成矿区提供参考。 相似文献
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四川盆地早中三叠世成盐期岩相古地理及成盐模式 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
四川盆地下中三叠统发育有多套盐层,具有多层系、厚度大、分布广泛、咸化—盐化旋回清晰的特点。目前对其沉积环境及岩相古地理的研究较多,但针对油气勘探相关的碎屑岩沉积,对于与蒸发成盐过程相关的亚相、微相研究不多。本文在前人研究的基础上,利用四川盆地上世纪找盐、找钾老井,新一轮盐、钾钻井及油气井资料,将四川盆地划分为五个成盐区,18个次级含盐盆地。以碳酸盐岩台地蒸发成盐环境为侧重点,根据沉积构造、生物特征、岩性组合,将四川盆地下中三叠统18种典型岩石类型进行了成因分类。认为其分别形成于开阔台地相—局限台地相—蒸发台地相等3种主要的沉积相,6种沉积亚相及13种沉积微相;进一步根据各成盐区沉积相展布,编制了嘉四2(T1j4-2),嘉五2(T1j5-2)~雷一1(T2l1-1),雷三2(T2l3-2)以及雷四2(T2l4-2)四个主要成盐期岩相古地理图,认为各成盐阶段沉积相带通常呈环带状分布,以盐湖微相为核心,具有"牛眼式"的岩相分布特点,四川盆地早中三叠世成盐模式可能属于"潮上带牛眼式干化小型盐盆(湖)成盐"。 相似文献
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Firstly, the macroscopic chemical equilibrium state of a series of chemical reactions between intercrystal brine and its media salt layer (salt deposit) in Qarhan Salt Lake was studied by using the Pitzer theory. The concept of macroscopic solubility product and its relation with accumulated ore dissolving ratio were presented, which are used in the numerical model of dissolving and driving exploitation of potassium salt in Qarhan Salt Lake. And secondly, with a model forming idea oftransport model for reacting solutes in the multi-component fresh groundwater system in porous media being a reference, a two-dimensional transport model coupled with a series of chemical reactions in a multi-component brine porous system (salt deposits) was developed by using the Pitzer theory.Meanwhile, the model was applied to model potassium/magnesium transport in Qarhan Salt Lake in order to study the transfer law of solid and liquid phases in the dissolving and driving process and to design the optimal injection/abstraction strategy for dissolving and capturing maximum Potassium/Magnesium in the mining of salt deposits in Qarhan Salt Lake. 相似文献
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The Qarhan Salt Lake area is the Quaternary depocenter of the Qaidam Basin, and carries thick lacustrine sediments, as well as rich potassium and magnesium salt deposits. The abundant resources and thick sediments in this lake provide an ideal place for the study of biogas formation and preservation, salt lake evolution, and the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we attempt to construct a paleomagnetic and ~(230)Th age model and to obtain information on tectonic activity and salt lake evolution through detailed studies on a 1300-m-long drill core(15DZK01) from the northwestern margin of the Qarhan Salt Lake area(Dongling Lake). Based on gypsum ~(230)Th dating, the age of the uppermost clastic deposit was calculated to be around 0.052 Ma. The polarity sequence consist of 13 pairs of normal and reversed zones,which can be correlated with subchrons C2r.1r-C1n of the geomagnetic polarity timescale(GPTS 2012)(from ~2.070 Ma to ~0.052 Ma). Sedimentary characteristics indicate that Dongling Lake witnessed freshwater environment between ~ 2.070 Ma and 1.546 Ma. During this period, the sedimentary record reflects primarily lakeshore, shallow-water and swamp environments, representing favourable conditions for the formation of hydrocarbon source rocks. Between 1.546 Ma and ~ 0.052 Ma, the Dongling Lake was in sulphate deposition stage, which contrasts with the central Qarhan Salt Lake area, where this stage did not occur in the meantime. During this stage, Dongling Lake was in a shallow saltwater lake environment, but several periods of reduced salinity occurred during this stage. During the late Pleistocene at ~0.052 Ma, the Dongling Lake experienced uplift due to tectonic activity, and saltwater migrated through the Sanhu Fault to the central Qarhan Salt Lake area, resulting in the absence of halite deposition stage. The residual saline water was concentrated into magnesium-rich brine due to the lack of freshwater, and few potassium salt deposits occur in the Dongling Lake area. 相似文献
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Firstly, the macroscopic chemical equilibrium state of a series of chemical reactions between intercrystal brine and its media salt layer （salt deposit） in Qarhan Salt Lake was studied by using the Pitzer theory. The concept of macroscopic solubility product and its relation with accumulated ore dissolving ratio were presented, which are used in the numerical model of dissolving and driving exploitation of potassium salt in Qarhan Salt Lake. And secondly, with a model forming idea of transport model for reacting solutes in the multi-component fresh groundwater system in porous media being a reference, a two-dimensional transport model coupled with a series of chemical reactions in a multi-component brine porous system （salt deposits） was developed by using the Pitzer theory. Meanwhile, the model was applied to model potassium/magnesium transport in Qarhan Salt Lake in order to study the transfer law of solid and liquid phases in the dissolving and driving process and to design the optimal injection/abstraction strategy for dissolving and capturing maximum Potassium/ Magnesium in the mining of salt deposits in Qarhan Salt Lake. 相似文献
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LI Wenpeng 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,(5)
Firstly,the macroscopic chemical equilibrium state of a series of chemical reactions between intercrystal brine and its media salt layer (salt deposit) in Qarhan Salt Lake was studied by using the Pitzer theory.The concept of macroscopic solubility product and its relation with accumulated ore dissolving ratio were presented,which are used in the numerical model of dissolving and driving exploitation of potassium salt in Qarhan Salt Lake.And secondly,with a model forming idea of transport model for reacting solutes in the multi-component fresh groundwater system in porous media being a reference,a two-dimensional transport model coupled with a series of chemical reactions in a multi-component brine porous system (salt deposits) was developed by using the Pitzer theory. Meanwhile,the model was applied to model potassium/magnesium transport in Qarban Salt Lake in order to study the transfer law of solid and liquid phases in the dissolving and driving process and to design the optimal injection/abstraction strategy for dissolving and capturing maximum Potassium/ Magnesium in the mining of salt deposits in Qarban Salt Lake. 相似文献
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柴达木盆地一里坪石膏~(230)Th定年及成盐期与第四纪冰期和构造运动的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱法(MC-ICP-MS),对柴达木盆地一里坪15YZK01钻孔中前336.2 m含石盐地层中的7个石膏样品进行230Th定年。依据年代-深度公式,获得S1-S4盐层的成盐年代分别为733.8~716.0 ka、581.9~573.8 ka、181.6~179.3 ka和158.0~154.2 ka;含芒硝粉砂地层的年代为171.6 ka。结合前人对一里坪表面盐壳的14C测年数据,证实一里坪表面盐层S5开始形成于末次冰期。15YZK01钻孔记录的成盐期与青藏高原第四纪冰期及构造运动存在一定的对应关系:石盐层S1对应于"昆黄运动"之后的望昆冰期,以及深海氧同位素第18阶段(MIS18);S2对应于大间冰期,但是该年代比较接近望昆冰期;S3和S4石盐层及含芒硝粉砂层对应于共和运动和倒数第二次冰期MIS6;S5石盐层开始形成的时代对应于末次冰期MIS2。同时,通过对柴达木盆地多个钻孔含盐地层的测年数据进行总结,证实中更新世以来青藏高原冰川活动与柴达木盆地盐类沉积存在着一定的对应关系。柴达木盆地西北部的成盐盆地中通常发于有倒数第二次冰期和末次冰期的石盐层;而盆地东南部的察尔汗盐湖区仅发现有末次冰期以来的石盐层。柴达木盆地成盐期受到青藏高原第四纪冰期和构造运动的影响,第四纪冰期中盐湖水源补给量的减少,是导致柴达木盆地成盐的重要驱动因素。 相似文献
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察尔汗盐湖物质来源的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖是一个以氯化物为主的盐湖,然而今天补给该盐湖的水是碳酸盐和硫酸盐型的。所以,该盐湖的物质来源问题是研究其成因的根本问题,也一直是中外学者感兴趣。同时又感到非常棘手的问题,他们提出了各种假说。本文综合了六化学、岩相古地理、Sr和Br的地球化学、古生态、同位素和构造方面的资料,对前人提出的各种假说逐一进行了论证,最后的结论是,察尔汗盐湖的盐类物质有三个来原:通过河流补给的地表化学风化淋滤物质、通过断层补给的油田水和柴达木古湖的遗留物质。否定了海水来源和第三纪含盐系风化淋滤来源的假说。 中更新世末,察尔汗湖从柴达木古湖中完全蚀立出来,并继承了部分从古湖遗留下来的盐类物质。在察尔汗湖蚀立过程中和独立后早期,构造运动比较强烈,通过断层补给的油田水较多,后来随着构造运动的减弱,油田水补给量逐渐减少,而地丧化学风化淋滤物质的补给一直是比较稳定的。 相似文献
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青海察尔汗盐湖达布逊区段和别勒滩区段的成盐年代 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
８８－０１孔和８９－０４孔是１９８９年后笔者用14Ｃ和230Ｔｈ两种方法较为系统的测定了年龄的钻孔剖面。本文以此两孔为主，结合已有年龄数据的钻孔，重点讨论了达布逊区段的成盐年代，并根据８８－０１孔校正后的年龄，将达布逊区段四个大盐层的底板年龄大致划分为:Ｓ1约５００００ａ.Ｂ.Ｐ.左右；Ｓ２约为３６０００ａ.Ｂ.Ｐ.左右；Ｓ3约３００００ａ.Ｂ.Ｐ.左右；Ｓ4约１８０００ａ.Ｂ.Ｐ.左右。根据别勒滩区段ＣＫ2022，ＣＫ6和ＣＫ1308三个钻孔剖面，讨论了此区约２５０００ａ.Ｂ.Ｐ.成盐年代。 相似文献
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QiShun Fan HaiZhou Ma ZhiBang Ma HaiCheng Wei FengQing Han 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(3):1227-1237
The age framework of Qarhan Salt Lake in arid western China is still controversial due in part to (1) age discrepancy between conventional 14C and 230Th dating results, and (2) no AMS 14C ages of organic carbon from drilling cores in Qarhan Salt Lake were reported until now. In order to discuss these chronological problems, upper 54.50 m lacustrine sediments from a drilling core (ISL1A) recovered from Qarhan Salt Lake were dated based on 230Th and AMS 14C dating techniques. Results show that (1) AMS 14C ages of total organic carbon (TOC) from 4.65 to 30.29 m are almost in stratigraphic order and consistent with 230Th ages of halite in the corresponding layers; (2) AMS 14C ages of TOC from 30.29 to 54.50 m are younger with increasing depth. This phenomenon was also found in Shell Bar in the study area, suggesting that AMS 14C ages from upper 30.29 m are more reliable while those from lower 24.21 m in ISL1A may be underestimated; (3) 230Th ages of halite from lower 24 m lacustrine sediments are obviously older than AMS 14C ages of TOC in the corresponding layers, which results into different age framework of salt lake sediments in Qarhan Salt Lake; (4) if extrapolating these reliable AMS 14C ages in ISL1A, similar age framework with 230Th ages in this core confirms that 230Th ages are much close to the true ages of these sediments, which suggests that the forming timing of the bottom salt layer is ~50 ka. 相似文献
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察尔汗盐湖浅部储卤层赋存有储量可观的固体钾盐资源, 目前正处于溶解液化开采阶段。储卤层中固体钾盐矿物溶解及储卤层结构变化特征受到溶剂注入速率控制, 但其控制机制尚不明确。本文以察尔汗盐湖浅部储卤层典型钻孔岩芯为研究对象, 通过开展室内岩芯柱渗流模拟实验, 研究岩芯在三种流速条件下储卤层渗透系数和固体钾盐矿物溶出的变化规律。结果表明: (1)随着注入溶剂速率的增大, 岩芯渗透系数呈现逐渐增大的趋势, 渗出液中钾离子浓度呈现持续减小的趋势, 但在流速改变的时间节点处, 岩芯渗透系数和其对应溶出液中钾离子浓度均出现异常增加现象。矿物的溶解引起储层孔隙度增加, 而溶剂流速的改变会导致松散盐类矿物颗粒重组。(2)储卤层岩芯固体钾盐矿物溶解受到溶剂注入速率的影响明显。注入速率增加引起矿物颗粒重组以及滞留孔隙高浓度水体释放是造成渗出液中K+浓度短暂性升高的主要原因。本次实验研究对于研究区低品位固体钾盐的水溶开采具有一定理论指导意义。 相似文献
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目前察尔汗盐湖正处在干盐湖早期阶段,即干盐滩与卤水湖并存的阶段。在它的周缘分布有10个大小不一的湖泊,除了东陵湖以外,各湖均依靠内陆河的补给来维持其生命,各湖的大小与汇水河的流量基本成正比。由于察尔汗的内陆河经常改变自己的河道,从而造成了湖泊的迁移,也使钾发生了富集。本文通过对比50年代和80年代,察尔汗地区的河湖分布情况,结合古湖、古河道和达布逊湖、达东古湖水化学的研究,证明河湖迁移的情况,并阐明与河湖迁移有关的钾盐富集机理。 相似文献