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在０．５￣１．５ＧＰａ,１６０￣２５５℃条件下动态监测了石膏脱水过程中电导率随时间的变化。实验结果表明,脱水过程中电导率随时间的变化分两个阶段：第一阶段电导率随时间的变化速度可间接地反映脱水反应的速率;第二阶段反映了流体中溶解离子的增多。相角随时间的变化可动态反映释放的水在矿物颗粒边缘的存在及连通性。电导率法是适用于含水矿物脱水过程动态监测及脱水过程中水的分布、迁移等动力学过程就位研究的有效方法。 相似文献
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为探究盐、热示踪剂在裂隙-基质中示踪的有效性,设计了充填裂隙-基质试验模型,开展了不同示踪剂下的试验,结合不同测点的实时动态电阻率监测数据,研究充填裂隙-基质中示踪剂运移过程,并讨论基于电阻率法的盐、热示踪的有效性结果表明：（1）电阻率法可以揭示3种不同示踪剂注入充填裂隙-基质系统的过程以及裂隙-基质系统中裂隙的存在;（2）盐热示踪剂下裂隙与基质内的体积电导率变化率差异最为显著;（3）质量浓度与体积电导率拟合效果要优于温度与体积电导率拟合效果。这说明了基于电阻率法的示踪剂对刻画裂隙-基质中裂隙与基质位置的有效性,且盐热联合示踪剂效果最好。数据成果对野外电法勘探裂隙位置及其他非均质地层构造研究具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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川东气田盐岩、膏盐岩蠕变特性试验研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
对川东气田盐岩、膏盐岩进行了矿物组分测定,采用TAW-1000深水孔隙压力伺服试验系统进行了蠕变试验,分析了固有的矿物组分及偏应力、温度、围压对蠕变的影响,结合蠕变曲线和岩石参数,提出了稳态蠕变速率本构方程。研究表明：川东气田盐岩、膏盐岩矿物组分以NaCl、CaSO4为主,其中NaCl含量最高可达93%以上;岩石固有的矿物组分是影响岩石蠕变特性的内因,随NaCl含量增加,瞬态蠕变、稳态蠕变速率相应增大;随偏应力、温度的增加稳态蠕变速率增大,围压对其影响不大;通过试验数据拟合得出赫德（Heard）蠕变本构方程中的参数,求出不同偏应力、温度下盐岩、膏盐岩的稳态蠕变速率,为川东气田盐岩、膏盐岩地层安全钻进泥浆密度窗口计算和套管非正常变形分析提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2017,(3)
为了解水溶造腔过程中盐腔围岩在应力-溶解耦合作用下的溶解损伤机制,利用高温三轴盐岩溶解特性试验机,开展了复杂卸荷条件下(即卸围压的同时增加轴压)不同卤水流量对盐岩的溶解损伤特征研究。研究发现,盐岩的应力和溶解作用相互影响,共同决定盐岩试件在卸荷溶解过程中的变化特征。表现为:卸荷过程中偏应力越大,盐岩溶出速率越大,而且出水口卤水浓度随卸荷溶解时间呈现显著的二次函数关系;盐岩在溶解作用下其力学强度降低,变形能力不断增强,而且流量越大,变化趋势越明显。通过对盐岩卸荷溶解过程中有效溶解面积构成的分析,建立了盐岩卸荷溶解作用下的有效溶解面积模型,分别得到了各有效溶解面积随溶解时间和应力水平的变化方程,并在此基础上构建了盐岩卸荷溶解损伤演化方程,为进一步开展盐岩的损伤-溶解机制研究提供了理论和试验基础。 相似文献
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一种盐岩相似材料的试验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
目前国内外学者主要利用小尺寸盐岩试件进行盐岩造腔理论以及溶腔稳定性方面的研究,所以利用相似材料制备大尺寸型盐模拟盐岩造腔全过程,以及研究溶腔的稳定性是有必要的。利用盐屑在高压下制备成型盐,测试其溶解特性和力学特性。试验表明压制应力为40、60、80 MPa时制成的型盐,其溶解速率变化不大;在压制型盐与天然岩盐的倾角溶解试验中发现,倾角为0°、90°、180°时溶解速率分别是天然盐岩的2.15倍、1.84倍、1.77倍;型盐的单轴抗压强度同压制的应力成正比,压制应力为80 MPa时干燥型盐同天然盐岩强度相当;型盐吸水后强度有所降低,而天然盐岩吸水后强度没有明显变化。所以在适当压制力作用下,利用盐屑压制型盐代替盐岩用于造腔理论及造腔全过程试验和溶腔稳定性试验研究是可行的。 相似文献
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厚层覆盖区壤中电导率测量方法及其找矿效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用壤中电导率测量方法,在不同覆盖类型、不同成因的10多个已知隐伏矿床上进行了不同采样和测试条件的试验研究,均获得了清晰的电导率异常。在未知区的找矿预测也取得了好的效果,表明该方法在厚层覆盖区寻找不同成因的隐伏金属矿床是很有前景的。 相似文献
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成矿流体包裹体盐度的拉曼光谱测定 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：19
拉曼光谱在 2 80 0～ 3 4 0 0cm-1范围内对水溶液中OH-离子的变化非常敏感 ,溶液中电解质的浓度变化与溶液的拉曼光谱特征参数之间存在一定的定量关系。通过对不同浓度标准NaCl和KCl水溶液的拉曼光谱特征分析 ,提出了一种可综合反映溶液浓度的拉曼光谱参数 (偏斜率 )。通过试验和分析 ,发现NaCl和KCl水溶液浓度与水溶液拉曼光谱偏斜率之间存在很好的线性关系 ,并找出了拟合直线 ,同时给出了NaCl和KCl水溶液盐度的拉曼参数计算经验公式。为了验证此公式的有效性 ,专门用传统的显微微热计和激光拉曼光谱仪分别测定了人工流体包裹体和马脑壳金矿床含金石英脉中的流体包裹体的盐度 ,并对结果进行了对比讨论 ,证明用激光拉曼光谱仪测定不饱和流体包裹体的盐度是一种快速、简便、无损的盐度测定新方法 相似文献
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稳定盐膏层井眼的不饱和有机盐水钻井液新技术 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从力学和物理学角度分析,人们一般采用油基钻井液、饱和盐水钻井液或欠饱和盐水钻井液钻盐膏层,但油基钻井液因为自身缺陷无法大规模使用,而且井下经常出现事故或复杂情况。在成本可接受的情况下,采用适当密度的不饱和有机盐钻井液,可使钻井液在满足地层盐岩适当溶解的同时又具有较强的抑制性,从而达到盐膏层井眼稳定的目的。在室内进行了以密度为1.30 g/cm3和1.36 g/cm3有机盐水溶液为基液配制而成的两套钻井液常规性能、抗污染性能和盐溶量实验,认为两套钻井液都能够满足盐膏层的钻井需要,且在Y5-2井也进行了现场试验,表明与同构造上的其它完成井相比,无事故或复杂情况,综合成本低。 相似文献
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氧化锡气体传感器吸附可燃性气体可使其电导率发生变化,这种电导率的变化以输出电压的形式取样,就可检测出探测气体的类型和浓度。采用TGS813气体传感器,利用自制的气体浓度配制器得到不同浓度的不同气体,将传感器闭封于待测气体中由测试电路得到感器的响应特性和温度特性。依据传感器的响应特性设计合适的传感器调理电路,应用高性能单片机P89LPC938实现对可燃性气体浓度的测量和温度显示。 相似文献
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Robert O. Fournier 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1983,47(3):579-586
The aqueous silica species that form when quartz dissolves in water or saline solutions are hydrated. Therefore, the amount of quartz that will dissolve at a given temperature is influenced by the prevailing activity of water. Using a standard state in which there are 1,000 g of water (55.51 moles) per 1,000 cm3 of solution allows activity of water in a NaCl solution at high temperature to be closely approximated by the effective density of water, pe, in that solution, i.e. the product of the density of the NaCl solution times the weight fraction of water in the solution, corrected for the amount of water strongly bound to aqueous silica and Na+ as water of hydration. Generally, the hydration of water correction is negligible.The solubility of quartz in pure water is well known over a large temperature-pressure range. An empirical formula expresses that solubility in terms of temperature and density of water and thus takes care of activity coefficient and pressure-effect terms. Solubilities of quartz in NaCl solutions can be calculated by using that equation and substituting pe, for the density of pure water. Calculated and experimentally determined quartz solubilities in NaCl solutions show excellent agreement when the experiments were carried out in non-reactive platinum, gold, or gold plus titanium containers. Reactive metal containers generally yield dissolved silica concentrations higher than calculated, probably because of the formation of metal chlorides plus NaOH and H2. In the absence of NaOH there appears to be no detectable silica complexing in NaCl solutions, and the variation in quartz solubility with NaCl concentration at constant temperature can be accounted for entirely by variations in the activity of water.The average hydration number per molecule of dissolved SiO2 in liquid water and NaCl solutions decreases from about 2.4 at 200°C to about 2.1 at 350°C. This suggests that H4SiO4 may be the dominant aqueous silica species at 350°C, but other polymeric forms become important at lower temperatures. 相似文献
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Disposal of saline subsurface drainage waters from croplands into evaporation basins (or ponds) in the San Joaquin Valley
of California causes excessive accumulation of salts and elevated concentrations of arsenic (As), a potentially high risk
element with little information about its fate, in the agricultural evaporation ponds. We examined dissolved As concentration,
speciation, and distribution in waters as well as As fractionation in sediments in the 10-cell South Evaporation Basin for
better understanding of processes and conditions affecting As transformations and fate in a specific drainage disposal facility.
The increase of total dissolved As concentrations were observed with higher Cl− and electric conductivity along flow path indicating that evaporation was an important factor regulating total dissolved
As concentration. The increases of reduced As species such as arsenite [As(III)] and organic As (monomethylarsonic acid and
dimethylarsinic acid) were found towards the terminal flow pathway. However, arsenate [As(V)], the oxidized species remained
greater than 67% of total dissolved As in all cell waters. Sequential extractions of sediments indicated that reducing conditions
may influence As behavior in sediments to be more soluble and exchangeable. Arsenic association with oxides was appreciable
only under oxidizing condition. Carbonate minerals played an important role in immobilizing As into the sediments under alkaline
condition and a broad range of redox conditions. However, these sink mechanisms did not significantly reduce As concentrations
in the cell waters. The reducing condition facilitated by high concentration of organic matter might be a major factor for
the increase in As mobility. 相似文献
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在Rowe和Fleming提出的用以计算淤堵时间简化模型的基础上,针对填埋场排水层淤堵时空分布特征,合理地作了进一步假设和推导,得到了可以反映淤堵发展的简化模型,推导出了排水层渗透系数的变化规律。采用水量平衡的单元分析方法,建立了淤堵条件下最高水位计算模型,获得了排水层最高水位深度的计算方法,并与稳态、瞬态方法进行比较。结果表明,无淤堵时得到的结果与瞬态结果一致,且都趋于稳态结果;淤堵较严重时水位受到显著影响,必须考虑淤堵。通过参数分析发现,前期渗透系数越小（后期越大）、排水距离越长、入渗速度越快、离子浓度越高,则淤堵对水位的影响越严重,同时提出考虑淤堵条件下改进排水系统的设计建议。 相似文献
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Richa Shukla P. G. Ranjith S. K. Choi A. Haque Mohan Yellishetty Li Hong 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(1):83-93
Acoustic emissions (AE) and stress–strain curve analysis are well accepted ways of analysing crack propagation and monitoring the various failure stages (such as crack closure, crack initiation level during rock failure under compression) of rocks and rock-like materials. This paper presents details and results of experimental investigations conducted for characterizing the brittle failure processes induced in a rock due to monocyclic uniaxial compression on loading of two types of sandstone core samples saturated in NaCl brines of varying concentration (0, 2, 5, 10 and 15 % NaCl by weight). The two types of sandstone samples were saturated under vacuum for more than 45 days with the respective pore fluid to allow them to interact with the rocks. It was observed that the uniaxial compressive strength and stress–strain behaviour of the rock specimens changed with increasing NaCl concentration in the saturating fluid. The acoustic emission patterns also varied considerably for increasing ionic strength of the saturating brines. These observations can be attributed to the deposition of NaCl crystals in the rock’s pore spaces as well some minor geo-chemical interactions between the rock minerals and the brine. The AE pattern variations could also be partly related to the higher conductivity of the ionic strength of the high-NaCl concentration brine as it is able to transfer more acoustic energy from the cracks to the AE sensors. 相似文献
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电导度是溶液导电能力的相对尺度，电导度的大小能直接反映出成矿溶液的高低.实验证明，成矿溶液相对高浓渡聚集区，往往也是矿床的主矿体或富矿体赋存处.用电导度场替代浓度场，进而建立起电导度与矿体之间的定量对应关系，可以用于表达矿体的贫富，评价矿脉的工业价值，指示找矿远景区等.用金属矿物或半导体矿物的热电性来指导找矿，是近年业兴起的一种新的找矿方法.矿物的热电性大小或热导电类型等在不同的成矿环境、部位中表现不同.因此用矿物的热电性质可以对矿床的侵蚀面水平和矿化地段的远景作出评价.在黑龙江省西吉诺山铅、锌、铜、金普查区采用了成矿溶液电导度和矿物热电性等新技术、新方法，对普查区成矿远景及成矿有利地段进行了分析与预测.结果表明，前人入大量勘查工作的440线至500线一带并不是矿化中心位置，西吉诺山谱查区矿化中心可能位于500线以东至花岗斑岩体之间. 相似文献
17.
极细颗粒黏土渗流离子效应的试验研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用常规固结仪对孔隙液离子浓度对极细颗粒黏土渗流固结特性的影响进行试验研究,在相同试验条件下进行了4组孔隙液含NaCl浓度不同的膨润土试样固结性质的测试,得到了各试样的固结曲线,求得相应的固结系数,再由固结系数求得相应的渗透系数。通过对各组试样的渗透系数对比分析,结果表明,孔隙液离子浓度对土体的渗流性质有重要影响,土体的渗透系数随孔隙液离子浓度的增加而增大,存在明显的离子效应。试验结果分析认为,黏土颗粒表面的扩散双电层厚度随离子浓度变化而变化,可能是产生离子效应的主要原因。试验结果有助于分析土体渗流离子效应的起因,对改进和完善现有渗流固结计算理论有一定指导意义。 相似文献
18.
为了研究不同酸碱环境下锌离子对饱和高岭土压缩特性影响,以及锌离子向其中扩散特性,利用室内人工配制的重塑土开展了一维固结试验和土柱扩散试验。试验结果表明,锌离子浓度不高于0.05 mol/L时,污染土的压缩指数变化不大,但氢氧化锌沉淀量的增加会导致高岭土的压缩性略有降低。高岭土处于碱性环境时,其上部自由溶液中锌离子浓度降低最快,中性环境次之,酸性环境时最慢。溶液电导率可间接反映出其中的溶解态锌离子浓度,高岭土处于中性和碱性环境时,土柱上部自由溶液的电导率与溶液中锌离子浓度呈正相关,而当高岭土处于酸性环境时,土柱上部自由溶液的电导率与溶液中锌离子浓度呈负相关,对于这种酸碱土体环境下的反常规律,在利用溶液电导率快速评价重金属离子浓度时需引起重视。 相似文献
19.
阿希金矿脉由里向外具有含金石英脉→硅化带→黄铁绢英岩化的产出特征,其矿区物性测定结果显示,黄铁绢英岩化带电阻率变化范围为60～400Ω·m,其他未蚀变的岩石呈现较高电阻率值,具备了电法勘探的前提条件,即探测富含黄铁矿的黄铁绢英岩化带的分布范围,便可达到寻找金矿矿体目的。本次勘探运用不同电法勘探的特点,通过高密度电法了解浅部矿化信息与矿体平面定位,再利用Stratagem EH4电导率成像及加拿大凤凰公司研制的V系列综合电法进行浅部对比和深部解译,并对其不同方法进行了验证。从勘查区11号线相互佐证的成果图上看,在该勘探线北测深部约400m处,存在一倾角较大的低阻异常,后经钻孔验证,在360m深度见到含金蚀变英安岩及含金石英脉矿体。 相似文献
20.
Over the last decade, waste disposal has become a particularly sensitive issue in Algeria. New legislation concerning landfill
liner design has been adopted. Traditional methods of landfill liner characterization involve soil sampling and chemical analysis,
which are costly, destructive and time-consuming. New techniques are currently being investigated that aim to provide nondestructive
liner characterisation. This paper details technical aspects associated with electrical conductivity measurements within landfill
liners and presents experimental work to show the direct application of electrical techniques to track ionic movement through
a sand bentonite liner under chemically induced flow. Samples of sand bentonite were mixed and compacted with NaCl electrolytes
at different concentrations. The electrical conductivities of compacted specimens were measured with a two-electrode cell.
The effects of frequency and electrolyte concentration on the conductivity measurement were explored. The relationship between
the soil electrical conductivity and the NaCl electrolyte concentration in interstitial pore fluid was determined. The conductivity
measurements were used to quantify the pore fluid concentration and effective diffusion coefficient of sand bentonite liners.
It is concluded here that the electrical conductivity of compacted specimens depends mainly on the salt concentration in the
pore fluid, and that this approach could therefore be used to track ionic movement through liners during diffusion. 相似文献