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1.
利用NCAR/NCEP月平均再分析资料,探讨夏季西太平洋副热带高压异常时东亚热带季风、梅雨锋及中高纬环流的变化特征.研究表明:夏季西太平洋副热带高压脊线异常偏南或脊点异常偏西时,东亚夏季风环流偏弱,850 hPa矢量风距平场上东亚热带地区出现反气旋性环流,副热带地区呈气旋性环流,500 hPa垂直速度距平场上东亚热带地区上升运动减弱,梅雨锋区上升运动加强,500 hPa高度上东亚高纬鄂霍次克海区域出现阻塞高压,高纬冷空气直达中纬度,梅雨锋扰动加强,造成江淮流域汛期降水偏多.夏季西太平洋副热带高压脊线异常偏北或脊点异常偏东时,东亚夏季风环流偏强,东亚大气环流系统的活动出现了与上述情况相反的异常型,江淮流域汛期降水偏少. 相似文献
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孟加拉湾热源对亚洲夏季风环流系统的影响 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：8
利用 1951—2000年NCEP/NCAR再分析逐日及月平均资料和我国 160个测站 1951—2000年月降水量资料,计算了夏季大气热源气候分布,分析了夏季孟加拉湾地区热源年际异常及亚洲季风环流系统的响应,以及夏季孟加拉湾地区热源与中国夏季降水的年际关系。结果表明:夏季亚洲季风区最强的热源中心位于孟加拉湾东北部一带。当孟加拉湾热源异常强 (弱 )时,南亚高压偏西 (东 ),西太平洋副热带高压位置偏东(西);印度夏季风偏强 (弱),东亚热带季风偏弱 (强 )。孟加拉湾热源异常对南亚高压、南亚季风、副热带高压的影响显著,对东亚热带季风的影响不显著。夏季孟加拉湾热源与同期长江以南、华南东部部分地区降水呈明显负相关,而与西南到华南西部地区降水呈明显正相关。 相似文献
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南海季风爆发的年代际转折与东亚副热带夏季降水的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1979—2016年NCEP再分析资料, 分析了南海季风爆发的年代际转折与东亚副热带夏季降水的关系。结果表明:南海夏季风爆发时间在1993/1994年出现年代际转变, 1979—1993年爆发时间相对偏晚, 夏季华南降水偏少, 长江中下游至日本南部降水偏多; 1994—2016年爆发时间偏早, 夏季华南降水偏多, 长江中下游到日本南部降水偏少。南海季风爆发时间年代际转折与夏季东亚副热带降水关系可能受到菲律宾越赤道气流强度的调控, 季风爆发时间与菲律宾越赤道气流有显著正相关, 且均在1993/1994年间存在年代际转变。在1994—2016(1979—1993)年南海夏季风爆发偏早(晚), 菲律宾越赤道气流偏弱(强), 澳大利亚北部有偏北(南)风异常, 将暖池的热量往赤道输送, 使得赤道对流增强(减弱), 产生异常上升(下沉)运动汇入Hadley环流上升支, 增强(减弱)的Hadley环流导致下沉主体偏北(南), 促使副高脊线偏北(南), 从西北太平洋(孟加拉湾)往华南地区(江淮到日本南部)输送水汽增强, 所以华南(江淮到日本南部)夏季降水偏多。 相似文献
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西北太平洋夏季风对中国长江流域夏季降水的影响 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
利用1979～2005年NCEP/NCAR的环流场再分析资料和降水资料, 通过对季风期降水、 大气环流、 水汽输送及低频振荡等方面的分析, 分别从时间和空间上分析了西北太平洋夏季风与中国长江流域夏季降水的联系。结果表明:(1) 西北太平洋夏季风与中国长江流域夏季降水存在显著的负相关关系, 在西北太平洋夏季风强盛时, 副热带高压异常偏北, 其西侧的偏南气流异常偏弱, 使得我国长江流域形成低层异常环流及水汽输送的辐散区, 从而造成长江流域夏季降水偏少; 而在西北太平洋夏季风减弱的年份, 西太平洋副高异常偏南偏西, 在长江流域以南地区形成异常偏强的偏南风水汽输送, 使得长江流域成为南、 北距平风的汇合区, 其上空对流活动异常活跃, 非常有利于长江流域的降水。 (2) 东亚局地Hadley垂直环流在强、 弱季风年也显著不同, 在强季风年里, Hadley局地环流异常偏弱, 长江流域上空出现的下沉运动距平, 使得该地区降水减弱, 而弱季风年则正好相反。 (3) 西北太平洋夏季风存在显著的气候平均的大气季节内振荡 (CISO), 在西北太平洋夏季风减弱时期, 长江流域降水同时受到源自热带西北太平洋西传CISO和源自热带印度洋东传CISO的共同影响, 可能造成了某种锁相关系, 从而造成降水偏多; 而在强季风年里长江流域只受由西太平洋西传的CISO的影响, 不容易激发降水。 相似文献
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吕俊梅张庆云陶诗言琚建华 《应用气象学报》2007,18(4):442-451
根据黄刚等定义的东亚夏季风指数, 对强、弱东亚夏季风年大气环流、大气热源和外强迫源SST的差异进行分析, 结果表明:强 (弱) 东亚夏季风年前期冬季到夏季, 太平洋SSTA为La Ni?a (El Ni?o) 型分布, 西太平洋暖池SST暖 (冷), 使得暖池附近对流活动较强 (较弱)。与此同时, 南亚大陆从印度半岛、青藏高原南部、中南半岛至华南大气异常加热 (变冷), 并且海陆热力对比加强 (减弱), 有利于出现强 (弱) 的东亚夏季风。此外, 由于暖池附近对流活动强 (弱), 该地区上升气流较强 (弱), Walker环流增强 (减弱), 当强 (弱) 的东亚夏季风向北推进时, 副热带西风急流北撤位置偏北 (南), 副热带高压位置也偏北 (南), 7月至8月华北 (江淮流域) 位于副热带西风急流南侧, 降水偏多, 江淮流域 (华北) 降水偏少。并给出与东亚夏季风年际变异有关的大气环流和SST异常的物理图像。 相似文献
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热带太平洋-印度洋海温异常综合模对南亚高压的影响 总被引：20，自引：5，他引：15
从综合考虑热带太平洋和印度洋海温异常特征出发,研究了热带太平洋-印度洋海温异常综合模对南亚高压的影响.当热带太平洋-印度洋海温异常综合模为正位相(西印度洋和东太平洋海温距平为正,东印度洋-西太平洋海温距平为负),南亚高压偏弱,位置偏东偏南;当热带太平洋-印度洋海温异常综合模为负位相(西印度洋和东太平洋海温距平为负,东印度洋-西太平洋海温距平为正),南亚高压偏强,位置偏西偏北.热带太平洋-印度洋海温异常综合模影响南亚高压主要通过三种机制:一是通过影响亚洲季风从而影响了降水潜热形成的大气加热场分布,在正(负)位相年,青藏高原大气热源为负(正)异常,因此青藏高原上空空气上升减弱(加强),南亚高压偏弱(偏强);南海季风和热带辐合带加强(减弱),菲律宾附近的大气热源加强(减弱),有利于上空青藏高原东南侧反气旋(气旋)式的距平环流,因此南亚高压偏东偏南(偏西偏北).二是热带太平洋-印度洋海温的纬向热力对比引起赤道纬向垂直(Walker)环流异常,必将引起高空纬向风异常,在正(负)位相年,南亚高压南部的印度洋高空会出现西(东)风异常,导致南亚高压偏弱(偏强).三是综合模的正(负)异常加强(减小)西印度洋经度范围的区域Hadley环流,其北侧伊朗高原上的异常下沉(上升)支,造成南亚高压偏弱(偏强),位置偏东偏南(偏西偏北). 相似文献
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利用1961—2006年中国降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、NOAA海表温度资料,分析了黄淮地区夏季降水的年代际和年际变化特征,研究了不同时间尺度上降水异常成因。结果表明,年代际尺度上,当太平洋年代际振荡处在暖(冷)位相时,南方涛动偏弱(强),黄淮地区夏季降水偏多(少)。在年际及以下尺度上,当印度洋北部海温偏高、南部偏低时,500 hPa位势高度场上,中高纬乌拉尔山以东和鄂霍次克海附近出现明显的双阻塞高压,副热带高压偏强;200 hPa风场上,西风急流略偏南,黄淮流域上空西风偏强,为反气旋环流;850 hPa风场上,黄淮流域上空出现西南—东北风的切变,使得急流出口区右侧次级环流的异常上升支恰好位于黄淮流域上空,高低空环流的这种配置导致了黄淮流域上空降水偏多。进一步分析发现,利用印度洋海温作为预测因子,建立预测模型,对黄淮流域降水年际变率有较高的预测能力。 相似文献
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利用山西省65个气象站1960—2011年逐月降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和NOAA月平均海表温度资料等,应用谐波分析、EOF、SVD、Monte Carlo统计检验和合成分析等方法,探讨了山西夏季降水年代际变化特征,以及其与大气环流场、印度洋海温场异常的关系。结果表明,近52 a来,山西夏季降水总体呈现减少趋势,并有明显年代际变化特征:20世纪60年代初至80年代前期是降水偏多期,80年代中期至2011年则是降水偏少期,空间分布主要包括全省一致偏多(少)型和南多北少(南少北多)型。同时,山西夏季降水与印度洋关键区海温变化具有明显的负相关,当上年秋季、上年冬季、当年春季和当年夏季关键区海温异常偏高时,当年夏季山西降水呈现减少趋势,反之亦然。在1982年之前,关键区海温偏低,山西夏季降水偏多,同期500 hPa高度层上的乌拉尔山、青藏高原北部高空槽和东北冷涡发展深厚,活动频繁,西太平洋副热带高压强度偏弱、位置偏东,850 hPa高度层上的印度季风低纬度偏西风和中纬度西南风异常强盛,贝加尔湖南侧低涡活跃;1982年之后,关键区海温偏高,山西夏季降水随之减少,同期500 hPa高度层上的贝加尔湖至青藏高原北部地区受高压控制,西太平洋副热带高压强度偏强、位置偏西,850 hPa高度层上的印度季风中纬度西南风异常偏弱。 相似文献
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印度洋海温异常年际变率模态对中国东部地区夏季降水影响机制的数值试验 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用ECHAM5全球大气环流模式研究了印度洋海温异常年际变率模态从冬至夏的演变对我国东部地区夏季降水影响的机制。观测资料研究表明:对于正的印度洋海温异常年际变率模态,春、夏季热带印度洋和澳大利亚以西洋面(东极子)均为水汽的异常源区,向马达加斯加以东南洋面(西极子)及印度洋邻近大陆提供水汽。夏季,印度洋地区南极涛动、马斯克林高压加强;而印度季风低压和南亚高压均减弱,对应于印度夏季风减弱。夏季印度洋地区正压性的纬向风异常经向遥相关使热带印度洋地区出现西风异常,导致海洋性大陆地区对流活动减弱,而菲律宾海地区对流活动加强,进而导致西太平洋副热带高压偏弱、位置偏东北。对于负的印度洋海温异常年际变率模态,则反之。模式结果基本支持了已有的观测资料诊断结果。 相似文献
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利用欧洲中心１９８０～１９８９年逐日２００ｈＰａ、８５０ｈＰａ风场及日本气象研究所提供的ＧＭＳ观测的ＴＢＢ逐日资料,探讨了夏季东亚热带、副热带季风的强弱对中国东部夏季降水的影响．指出东亚夏季风系统中的两条辐合带热带辐合带（热带季风槽）和副热带辐合带（副热带梅雨锋）的强度的变化呈相反趋势,即热带季风槽偏弱时（弱季风）,副热带梅雨锋偏强;反之热带季风槽偏强时（强季风）,副热带梅雨锋偏弱．江淮流域的降水与热带季风槽、副热带梅雨锋的强度密切相关,即热带季风槽偏弱（弱季风）,梅雨锋偏强时,江淮流域的降水偏多;热带季风槽偏强（强季风）,梅雨锋偏弱时,江淮流域的降水偏少．研究表明：热带季风槽和副热带梅雨锋的强度与偏西气流的加强密切相关．当赤道东太平洋海温偏高,赤道西太平洋海温偏低,黑潮地区的海温偏高时,赤道东西太平洋上空的Ｗａｌｋｅｒ环流和西太平洋中纬度Ｈａｄｌｅｙ环流的下沉支气流减弱,东亚季风槽较弱（弱季风）,梅雨锋较强;当赤道东太平洋海温偏低、西太平洋海温偏高,黑潮地区的海温偏低时,赤道东西太平洋上空的Ｗａｌｋｅｒ环流和西太平洋中纬度Ｈａｄｌｅｙ环流的下沉支气流加强,东亚季风槽较强（强季风）,梅雨锋较弱． 相似文献
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利用1979—2019年Hadley中心的海表温度资料、GPCP的降水资料以及NCEP-DOE的再分析资料等,分析了北半球春季热带南大西洋海表温度异常与北半球夏季亚澳季风区降水异常的联系。研究表明,北半球春季热带南大西洋海表温度异常与随后夏季热带西太平洋到南海（澳大利亚东侧海域到热带东印度洋）地区的降水异常为显著负相关（正相关）关系。北半球春季热带南大西洋的海表温度正异常可以引起热带大西洋和热带太平洋间的异常垂直环流,其中异常上升支（下沉支）位于热带大西洋（热带中太平洋）。热带中太平洋的异常下沉气流和低层辐散气流引起热带中西太平洋低层的异常东风,后者有利于热带中东太平洋海表温度出现负异常。通过Bjerknes正反馈机制,热带中东太平洋海表温度异常从北半球春季到夏季得到发展。热带中东太平洋海表温度负异常激发的Rossby波使得北半球夏季热带西太平洋低层出现一对异常反气旋。此时,850 hPa上热带西太平洋到海洋性大陆地区为显著的异常东风,有利于热带西太平洋到南海（澳大利亚东侧海域到热带东印度洋）地区出现异常的水汽辐散（辐合）,导致该地区降水减少（增加）。 相似文献
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Atmospheric circulation anomalies over the Ural Mountains are crucial indicators of the anomalous downstream weather and climate over East Asia. Here, we provide a new perspective on the mechanism of Ural circulation anomalies. We use a simple theoretical model to determine that the relationship between the solar forcing and three Ural circulation patterns, namely, neutral type, trough anomaly and ridge anomaly, is a nonlinear relationship following the supercritical pitchfork bifurcation theory. The theory predicts that when the total solar irradiance (TSI) is below a critical value, trough and ridge anomalies represent duplex equilibria and are equally likely to occur at the same TSI. Based on 180 winter months record, we have estimated the bidimensional probability density of TSI and the monthly mean geopotential height at 500 hPa or zonal wind at 850 hPa over the Ural Mountains. Results show that Sc = 1360.9 W m−2 is a critical value of TSI, the neutral type pattern is the single circulation regime when TSI > Sc, whereas trough and ridge anomaly patterns are duplex circulation regimes when TSI < Sc. Besides, when TSI < Sc, during the same TSI range, trough and ridge anomaly events occur at nearly the same frequencies. These results generally agree with the theoretical model. We demonstrate that trough and ridge anomalies, as duplex equilibria, result from the large-scale zonal flow interacting with the Ural Mountains. Low TSI tends to strengthen the large-scale zonal flow over the Ural Mountains, hence inducing either a trough anomaly or ridge anomaly. 相似文献
15.
A. M. Zvyagintsev G. I. Kuznetsov I. N. Kuznetsova 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2013,38(5):297-303
During more than half-century ozone observations in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, the significant anomalies of total ozone (TO) with the duration of a month and more were observed in March 1995, 1996, 1997, and 2011 (in 1997 and 2011, they were the most significant and the longest). The maximum total ozone deficit zone over the land was observed over the northern coast of East Siberia. The ozone loss in the anomalies in 1997 and 2011 were associated with the unusual behavior of the circumpolar vortex which was unusually deep, stable, and durable in these years that resulted in the abnormal low temperature in the stratosphere in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. In subpolar latitudes, the temperature in the lower stratosphere during the period from December 2010 to February 2011 was lower than in 1997. In 2011 due to the durable springtime anomaly, almost over the whole territory of Russia the average annual ozone values turned out to be significantly lower than in the previous decade. The total ozone deficit in the circumpolar vortex in spring 1997 and 2011 amounted to about 140 DU. The formation of large TO anomaly in 2011 indicates that the long-term evolution of ozone layer conditions is a part of the long-term evolution of the Earth climate system. 相似文献
16.
Huijun Wang Yongjiu Dai Song Yang Tim Li Jingjia Luo Bo Sun Mingkeng Duan Jiehua Ma Zhicong Yin Yanyan Huang 《大气和海洋科学快报》2022,15(1):2-11
过去几十年,气候变化和极端气候事件造成的经济损失和灾害显著增加.虽然全球的科学家在理解和预测气候变异方面做出了巨大的努力,但当前在气候预测领域仍然存在几个重大难题.2020年,依托于国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目的气候系统预测研究中心(CCSP)成立了,该中心旨在应对和处理气候预测领域的三大科学难题:厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)预测,延伸期天气预报,年际-年代际气候预测,并为更加准确的气候预测和更加有效的灾害防御提供科学依据.因此,本文介绍了CCSP的主要目标和面对的科学挑战,回顾了CCSP在季风动力过程,陆-气相互作用和模式开发,ENSO变率,季节内振荡,气候预测等方面已取得的重要研究成果.未来CCSP将继续致力于解决上述领域的关键科学问题. 相似文献
17.
With the high-speed development of numerical weather prediction, since the later 1980’s, the prediction of short-range climate anomalies has attracted worldwide meteorologists’ attention. What the so called short-range re-fers to the time scale from one month to one season or more. In dealing with the problem of short-range climate pre-diction, two points are needed noticing: one is the basic research to explore or investigate the mechanism of variability of the slow varying components which mainly include internal dynamics of extratropics, external forcings and tropical dynamics, and the other is the modeling efforts to simulate the process of the long-term evolution of the signal which include the improvement of model quality, stochastic prediction and the air-sea-coupled model (Miyakoda et al.,1986). Previous researches on the numerical prediction of short-term climate anomalies are mostly concentrated in the analysis of variables with global spatial scale, especially the global general atmospheric circulation analysis.As to the simulation or prediction of regional short-term climate anomalies, there exist many difficulties and problems. Though some meteorologists are devoting themself to this field, up to now, they have not reached satisfac-tory results. As a primary effort, by using the 2-level general atmospheric circulation model developed in the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP-AGCM) (Zeng et al., 1989), and taking the year of 1985 as a case, a numerical simulation of regional short-term climate change is completed. We pay high attention to the predictand of anomalous summer rainfall in the Yangtze River and Yellow River valleys, especially its month-to-month variation. 相似文献
18.
P. Domonkos 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2001,68(1-2):17-32
Summary Statistical characteristics of accumulated extreme low and high daily mean temperatures have been investigated for Hungary.
Temperature extremes over periods of a few weeks were studied using 96-year temperature records. Temperature is defined as
extreme in the lowest or highest five percent of the empirical distribution of anomalies. Recurrence frequencies of extreme
anomalies were computed at 1, 2,…, 75 days after the initial anomalies, and compared with the respective characteristics of
an appropriate 2nd order autoregressive model. In accordance with the high 1-day lagged autocorrelation in Hungarian temperature time series,
model-frequencies are large for low lags, and approach the value for independence (0.05) for periods longer than 10–15 days.
Considerable similarity of recurrence frequency between observed and simulated series is found but with some important exceptions.
After only 1 extreme cold winter-day or an extreme warm summer-day, the probability of the next extreme occurring with the
same sign remains significantly high for longer than 1 month. Empirical frequencies are very sensitive to the calendar date
of the initial extreme value occurrence. Discrepancies between real and model characteristics were tested for statistical
significance by Monte Carlo simulation technique.
Recurrence frequencies for the last 30 years have also been computed, and intersting similarities and differences were found
relative to the earlier part of the 20th century.
To identify possible relationships between droughts and hot spells, extreme high daily temperatures and dry subperiods during
summers were selected. Recurrence frequencies of extreme positive anomalies in dry periods, more than 15–20 days after an
initial occurrence, are surprisingly high during the second half of the summer.
Received February 15, 2000 Revised September 11, 2000 相似文献
19.
Steffen Tietsche Dirk Notz Johann H. Jungclaus Jochem Marotzke 《Climate Dynamics》2013,41(9-10):2511-2526
In projections of twenty-first century climate, Arctic sea ice declines and at the same time exhibits strong interannual anomalies. Here, we investigate the potential to predict these strong sea-ice anomalies under a perfect-model assumption, using the Max-Planck-Institute Earth System Model in the same setup as in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). We study two cases of strong negative sea-ice anomalies: a 5-year-long anomaly for present-day conditions, and a 10-year-long anomaly for conditions projected for the middle of the twenty-first century. We treat these anomalies in the CMIP5 projections as the truth, and use exactly the same model configuration for predictions of this synthetic truth. We start ensemble predictions at different times during the anomalies, considering lagged-perfect and sea-ice-assimilated initial conditions. We find that the onset and amplitude of the interannual anomalies are not predictable. However, the further deepening of the anomaly can be predicted for typically 1 year lead time if predictions start after the onset but before the maximal amplitude of the anomaly. The magnitude of an extremely low summer sea-ice minimum is hard to predict: the skill of the prediction ensemble is not better than a damped-persistence forecast for lead times of more than a few months, and is not better than a climatology forecast for lead times of two or more years. Predictions of the present-day anomaly are more skillful than predictions of the mid-century anomaly. Predictions using sea-ice-assimilated initial conditions are competitive with those using lagged-perfect initial conditions for lead times of a year or less, but yield degraded skill for longer lead times. The results presented here suggest that there is limited prospect of predicting the large interannual sea-ice anomalies expected to occur throughout the twenty-first century. 相似文献
20.
极端天气和异常气候的定量分析与预报需要一个确定的参考态。瞬变气候是地球固定点上大气相对太阳的自转和公转所接受到的太阳辐射与地表特征的动力与热力耦合形成的具有24 h日循环和365 d年循环的气候态。相对年循环的逐日气候态,本文首先考察了天气扰动和气候上的季节内异常、年际异常和长期趋势(或年代际异常),回顾了气候态中客观存在于大气经向剖面中的年平均四圈环流及其长期变化,水平空间分布中的环流系统随季节的变化和在季节内的准周期变化。针对大气环流强度的长期趋势,本文综述了与之对应的南北半球气候长期趋势中的不对称分布。 相似文献