共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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本文介绍了在拟定总体设计方案时针对实际需要与可能提出的基本要求 ;对各种误差的测定方法与传统子午环作了比较 ,并且列出了低纬子午环新增加的仪器误差 ;文章根据在仪器较稳定条件下各种误差的测定精度 ,对该仪器的应有观测精度作了估计 ,指出每颗天体位置的单次测定精度不应低于± 0 .1 0″,最后还分析了目前尚未达到应有精度的原因。 相似文献
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天文折射中包含有显著的光谱型效应。本文从有效波长的角度,讨论了光谱型效应的复杂性,不同的仪器采用不同的接受器、以及在不同的天顶距观测,都有不同的光谱型差。提出在低纬子午环上,对不同光谱型的天体测定出天文折射,以提高星位测定的精度。 相似文献
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叙述了低纬子午环在研制中没有对加工提出苛刻的高精度要求的原因，分析了仪器在目前状态下，仪器方位指向、水平轴指向和望远镜光轴指向的实际精度，论述了克服这些指向误差影响，提高观测精度的基本思路，以及仪器研制成功的关键所在。 相似文献
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预计Hipparcos测定星位的精度要远好于地面仪器的结果。对于从事地面仪器测量的天体测量学家来说,必须回答:地面仪器还能发挥什么作用?我们认为,地面仪器在未来建立惯性坐标系中仍起着重大作用。因为:1.地面经典仪器有相当长的观测历史,因此,在自行方面,有较好地面仪器观测历史的天体其精度并不亚于Hipparcos的结果。2.地面仪器观测可研究与地球物理有关的问题.3.空间卫星不可能包罗全部课题,仍有大量的课题需要地面仪器去观测。4.地面仪器研究课题的运转周期短。一般来说,空间观测的课题要10年以上的周期。5.地面仪器的改造,使得效率和精度有相当大的提高,特别是CCD探测器在天体测量上的应用。中国与丹麦合作的水平子午环,其有效口径为240mm,可观测到13~m.5的天体,因此我们的仪器将在惯性坐标的建立中发挥作用。根据本仪器的特点,可在下列课题发挥其作用:1.观测射电星,作参考系联结的工作。2.观测较暗的小行星,进行坐标系分点改正的工作。3.进行IRS星的绝对测定。4.观测射电源周围的天体,作为观测射电源的定标垦。5.改进FK5星的位置精度。本文发表于IAU141讨论会,1989年10月,列宁格勒。 相似文献
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子午环上用于测定方位角的拱极星方位标方法,在纬度较低的地区不适用。本文提出了用卯酉圈上的观测测定方位角的方法,即用一架既能在子午方向观测、也能在卯酉方向观测的仪器,记录一颗恒星通过仪器卯酉方向和子午方向的三个时刻,就可以确定仪器在子午方向的方位角。这种方法所需要的观测时间短,工作简便,所测定的方位角是绝对的。 相似文献
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L. S. Marochnik 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1983,89(1):61-75
The solar system's position in the Galaxy is an exclusive one, since the Sun is close to the corotation circle, which is the place where the angular velocity of the galactic differential rotation is equal to that of density waves displaying as spiral arms. Each galaxy contains only one corotation circle; therefore, it is an exceptional place. In the Galaxy, the deviation of the Sun from the corotation is very small — it is equal to ΔR/R ⊙≈0.03, where ΔR=R c ?R ⊙,R c is the corotation distance from the galactic center andR ⊙ is the Sun's distance from the galactic center. The special conditions of the Sun's position in the Galaxy explain the origin of the fundamental cosmogony timescalesT 1≈4.6×109 yr,T 2?108 yr,T 3?106 yr detected by the radioactive decay of various nuclides. The timescaleT 1 (the solar system's ‘lifetime’) is the protosolar cloud lifetime in a space between the galactic spiral arms. The timescaleT 2 is the presolar cloud lifetime in a spiral arm.T 3 is a timescale of hydrodynamical processes of a cloud-wave interaction. The possibility of the natural explanation of the cosmogony timescales by the unified process (on condition that the Sun is near the state of corotation) can become an argument in favour of the fact that the nearness to the corotation is necessary for the formation of systems similar to the Solar system. If the special position of the Sun is not incidental, then the corotation circles of our Galaxy, as well as those of other galaxies, are just regions where situations similar to ours are likely to be found. 相似文献
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Yoshio Kubo 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1982,26(1):97-112
Perturbations in the motion of the Moon are computed for the effect by the oblateness of the Earth and for the indirect effect of planets. Based on Delaunay's analytical solution of the main problem, the computations are performed by a method of Fourier series operation. The effect of the oblateness of the Earth is obtained to the second order, partly adopting an analytical evaluation. Both in longitude and latitude are found a few terms whose coefficient differs from the current lunar ephemeris based on Brown's theory by about 0.01. While, concerning the indirect effect of planets, several periodic terms in the current ephemeris seem to have errors reaching 0.05.As for the secular variations of
and due to the figure of the Earth and the indirect effect of planets, the newly-computed values agree within 1/cy with Brown's results reduced to the same values of the parameters. Further, the accelerations in the mean longitude,
and caused by the secular changes in the eccentricity of the Earth's orbite and in the obliquity of the ecliptic are obtained. The comparison with Brown shows an agreement within 0.3/cy2 for the former cause and 0.02/cy2 for the latter. An error is found in the argument of the principal term for the perturbations due to the ecliptic motion in the current ephemeris.Proceedings of the Conference on Analytical Methods and Ephemerides: Theory and Observations of the Moon and Planets. Facultés universitaires Notre Dame de la Paix, Namur, Belgium, 28–31 July, 1980. 相似文献
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E. L. Ruskol 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1973,6(1-2):190-201
It is suggested that the overall early melting of the lunar surface is not necessary for the explanation of facts and that
the structure of highlands is more complicated than a solidified anorthositic ‘plot’. The early heating of the interior of
the Moon up to 1000K is really needed for the subsequent thermal history with the maximum melting 3.5 × 109 yr ago, to give the observed ages for mare basalts. This may be considered as an indication that the Moon during the accumulation
retained a portion of its gravitational energy converted into heat, which may occur only at rapid processes. A rapid (t < 103 yr) accretion of the Moon from the circumterrestrial swarm of small particles would give necessary temperature, but it is
not compatible with the characteristic time 108 yr of the replenishment of this swarm which is the same as the time-scale of the accumulation of the Earth. It is shown that
there were conditions in the circumterrestial swarm for the formation at a first stage of a few large protomoons. Their number
and position is evaluated from the simple formal laws of the growth of satellites in the vicinity of a planet. Such ‘systems’
of protomoons are compared with the observed multiple systems, and the conclusion is reached that there could have been not
more than 2–3 large protomoons with the Earth. The tidal evolution of protomoon orbits was short not only for the present
value of the tidal phase-lag but also for a considerably smaller value.
The coalescence of protomoons into a single Moon had to occur before the formation of the observed relief on the Moon. If
we accept the age 3.9 × 109 yr for the excavation of the Imbrium basin and ascribe the latter to the impact of an Earth satellite, this collision had
to be roughly at 30R, whereR is the radius of the Earth, because the Moon at that time had to be somewhere at this distance. Therefore, the protomoons
had to be orbiting inside 20–25R, and their coalescence had to occur more than 4.0x109 yr ago. The energy release at coalescence is equivalent to several hundred degrees and even 1000 K. The process is very rapid
(of the order of one hour). Therefore, the model is valid for the initial conditions of the Moon. 相似文献
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In this paper we first emphasize why it is important to know the successive zonal harmonics of the Sun's figure with high
accuracy: mainly fundamental astrometry, helioseismology, planetary motions and relativistic effects. Then we briefly comment
why the Sun appears oblate, going back to primitive definitions in order to underline some discrepancies in theories and to
emphasize again the relevant hypotheses. We propose a new theoretical approach entirely based on an expansion in terms of
Legendre's functions, including the differential rotation of the Sun at the surface. This permits linking the two first spherical
harmonic coefficients (J
2 and J
4) with the geometric parameters that can be measured on the Sun (equatorial and polar radii). We emphasize the difficulties
in inferring gravitational oblateness from visual measurements of the geometric oblateness, and more generally a dynamical
flattening. Results are given for different observed rotational laws. It is shown that the surface oblateness is surely upper
bounded by 11 milliarcsecond. As a consequence of the observed surface and sub-surface differential rotation laws, we deduce
a measure of the two first gravitational harmonics, the quadrupole and the octopole moment of the Sun: J
2=−(6.13±2.52)×10−7 if all observed data are taken into account, and respectively, J
2=−(6.84±3.75)×10−7 if only sunspot data are considered, and J
2=−(3.49±1.86)×10−7 in the case of helioseismic data alone. The value deduced from all available data for the octopole is: J
4=(2.8±2.1)×10−12. These values are compared to some others found in the literature.
Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005238718479 相似文献
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B. P. Kondratyev 《Solar System Research》2013,47(1):1-10
A two-component theoretical model of the physical libration of the Moon in longitude is constructed with account taken of the viscosity of the core. In the new version, a hydrodynamic problem of motion of a fluid filling a solid rotating shell is solved. It is found that surfaces of equal angular velocity are spherical, and a velocity field of the fluid core of the Moon is described by elementary functions. A distribution of the internal pressure in the core is found. An angular momentum exchange between the fluid core and solid mantle is described by a third-order differential equation with a right-hand side. The roots of a characteristic equation are studied and the stability of rotation is proved. A libration angle as a function of time is found using the derived solution of the differential equation. Limiting cases of infinitely large and infinitely small viscosity are considered and an effect of lag of a libration phase from a phase of action of an external moment of forces is ascertained. This makes it possible to estimate the viscosity and sizes of the lunar fluid core from data of observations. 相似文献
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M. V. Samokhin 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1979,62(1):159-183
In order to understand the reason of the existence of the electric field in the magnetosphere, and for the theoretical evaluation of its value, it is necessary to find the solution of the problem of determination of the magnetosphere boundary form in the frameworks of the continuum medium model which takes into account part of the magnetospheric plasma movement in supporting the magnetospheric boundary equilibrium. A number of problems for finding the distribution of the pressure, the density, the magnetic field and the electric field on the particular tangential discontinuity is considered in the case when the form of discontinuity is set (the direct problem) and a number of problems for finding the form of the discontinuity and the distribution of the above-mentioned physical quantities on the discontinuity is considered when the law of the change of the external pressure along the boundary is set (for example, with the help of the approximate Newton equation). The problem which is considered here, which deals with the calculation of the boundary form and with the calculation of the distribution of the corresponding physical quantities on the discontinuity of the 1st kind for the compressible fluid with the magnetic field with field lines which are perpendicular to the plane of the flow in question, concerns the last sort of problems. The comparison of the results of the calculation with the data in the equatorial cross-section of the magnetosphere demonstrates that the calculated form of the boundary, the value of the velocity of the return flow and the value of the electric field on the magnetopause, agree satisfactorily with the observational data. 相似文献
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