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1.
ZHANG Xiulian JIANG Lingzhi Department of Geology Peking University Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2001,75(2):161-174
With continuous outcrops, developed shoal fades rocks, complete types of diagenesis and changeable diagenetic environments, Cambrian strata are well developed in the Xiadong area, Yichang, Hubei Province. Under the combined influence of numerous diageneses, secondary pores can be formed, which result in better reservoir properties of the rock strata.The Cambrian rocks in this area consist of mainly carbonate rocks and secondarily detrital rocks. The carbonate rocks are dominated by grainstones including wormkalk, calcirudite-calcarenite, oolitic limestone and oncolitic limestone. Graded bedding and cross bedding are well developed in the strata, which indicates that the formation environment is of a high-energy shoal facies.In this area, there has developed a sequence of stable Cambrian platform carbonate deposition. The evolution trend is as follows: open sea shelf facies→intertidal low-energy restricted sea facies→Hntertidal high-energy shoal facies→coastal shoal facies→evaporite tidal-flat facies 相似文献
2.
《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2011,40(6):692-700
The Nihewan Basin (around 40°N, North China) is a major focus of investigations into hominid occupation in the eastern Asia during the early Pleistocene, thus the paleoenvironmental evolution in this area is crucial for understanding of early human habitation at high northern latitudes of East Asia. To retrieve reliable long-term paleoenvironmental signals from the Nihewan fluvio-lacustrine sequences, I conduct an environmental magnetic investigation on the Pleistocene Xiantai fluvio-lacustrine sequence at the eastern margin of the Nihewan Basin. Results suggest that there exist an up-section decreasing trend in magnetic mineral concentration and grain size, which is attributed to a long-term decrease in abundance of magnetic minerals in the catchments and in transportation of detrital magnetic minerals into the Nihewan paleolake. I further reveal that these long-timescale variations are related to a long-term decrease in East Asian monsoon precipitation and humidity in the Nihewan Basin during the Pleistocene. This paleoclimate inference is consistent with the increasing aridification in Asian mainland during the Pleistocene, an important climate response to increasing global ice volume. 相似文献
3.
4.
The evolution of Ancient Silk Road(ASR) was deeply influenced by late Holocene moisture changes in Arid Central Asia(ACA). Nevertheless, controversies in Holocene moisture change pattern of ACA and poorly–constrained age models of related studies have made the discussion about late Holocene moisture changes in ACA and their influences on the evolution of ASR difficult. Recently, a high–resolution age model during the late Holocene was established for Kalakuli Lake, a small glacier lake located in the core area of ACA. A thorough rock magnetic investigation was carried out on Kalakuli Lake sediments based on this age model. The magnetic mineral assemblage of Kalakuli Lake sediments is still dominated by primary magnetite despite minor diagenetic effects. Comparisons of rock magnetic records to parameters previously used as indicator of glacier fluctuations suggest that clastic input to Kalakuli Lake was high(low) and magnetic grain size is relatively larger(smaller), when glaciers on Muztagh Ata advanced(retreated). The ARM/SIRM ratio, a magnetic grain size proxy, is directly related to lake hydrodynamics, which are ultimately controlled by glacier fluctuations on Muztagh Ata as the result of regional moisture changes. Late Holocene moisture changes indicated by the ARM/SIRM ratio are consistent with cool/wet and warm/dry oscillations indicated by the unweighted average of biomarker hydrogen isotopic data of the C_(26) and C_(28) n–alkanoic acids in a previous study about Kalakuli Lake, most moisture change records of the core area of ACA and winter insolation of the Northern Hemisphere, but opposite to Asian monsoon evolution. Given Asian monsoon and the westerlies are mutually inhibited, we propose that late Holocene moisture changes in the core area of ACA were controlled by the intensity of Asian monsoon versus the westerlies under the governance of solar insolation. Generally increased moisture since the late Holocene indicated by the ARM/SIRM ratio favored cultural exchange and integration between the western and the eastern Eurasia, which paved the way for the formation of ASR. Coincidence between significant increase in moisture at ～200 BC suggested by the ARM/SIRM ratio and the formation of ASR indicates moisture as an important factor that facilitated the formation of ASR. The onsets of three prosperity periods of ASR in the history generally correspond to periods when moisture was relatively high, nevertheless, stagnant periods of ASR do not coincide with periods when moisture was relatively low in the core area of ACA. Disorganized correlations between stagnant periods of ASR and moisture changes in the core area of ACA suggest that moisture is not the decisive factor influencing the evolution of ASR. 相似文献
5.
Eric E. Hiatt Kurt Kyser Robert W. Dalrymple 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2003,80(2-3):221-240
The Thelon Basin, Nunavut, Canada, is host to unconformity-type uranium mineralisation and has the potential to host other economic deposits. The Thelon Formation (ca. 1750 Ma) is composed of thick (meters to tens of meters), poorly sorted, trough cross-bedded conglomerate and coarse-grained lithic arenite beds, and to a lesser extent, well-sorted, medium- to coarse-grained quartz arenite beds. Relatively rare, 1–12 cm thick, clay-rich siltstones to fine-grained sandstone layers punctuate the coarser lithofacies. Based on regional analysis of drill cores and outcrops, multiple unconformity-bounded sequences are defined in this fluvial-dominated sedimentary succession. Stratigraphic correlations are based on detailed lithofacies analysis, distinct changes in fining-upward cycle thickness, and intraformational surfaces (unconformities, transgressive surfaces, and paleosols).Diagenetic and paragenetic relationships vary systematically with sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Thelon and provide a framework for understanding the evolution of fluid-flow systems in the context of basin hydrostratigraphy. Stratigraphic units with well-sorted textures, which lacked clay and unstable framework grains, originally were aquifers (depositional aquifers) during early basin evolution. However, pervasive, early quartz cementation radically reduced the porosity and permeability of these units, occluding pore throats and transforming them into aquitards. Proximal fluvial and alluvial fan lithofacies that contained detrital, mechanically infiltrated, and diagenetic clay minerals and/or unstable detrital grains originally had low permeabilities and only experienced minor quartz cementation. In the deep burial setting (2–7 km), these units retained sufficient permeability to allow diagenetic fluid flow (diagenetic aquifers) as suggested by feldspar dissolution, quartz dissolution, and formation and recrystallization of illite and other diagenetic reactions. Tracing potential diagenetic aquifer and aquitard units across the study area allowed development of a hydrostratigraphic model. In this model, diagenetic aquifers onlap onto, and focused basinal fluids into basement rocks to the east in the Thelon Basin (in the vicinity of the Kiggavik uranium deposit). 相似文献
6.
《Earth》2009,92(1-4):77-92
The hypoxic zone in the Baltic Sea has increased in area about four times since 1960 and widespread oxygen deficiency has severely reduced macro benthic communities below the halocline in the Baltic Proper and the Gulf of Finland, which in turn has affected food chain dynamics, fish habitats and fisheries in the entire Baltic Sea. The cause of increased hypoxia is believed to be enhanced eutrophication through increased anthropogenic input of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus. However, the spatial variability of hypoxia on long time-scales is poorly known: and so are the driving mechanisms. We review the occurrence of hypoxia in modern time (last c. 50 years), modern historical time (AD 1950–1800) and during the more distant past (the last c. 10 000 years) and explore the role of climate variability, environmental change and human impact. We present a compilation of proxy records of hypoxia (laminated sediments) based on long sediment cores from the Baltic Sea. The cumulated results show that the deeper depressions of the Baltic Sea have experienced intermittent hypoxia during most of the Holocene and that regular laminations started to form c. 8500–7800 cal. yr BP ago, in association with the formation of a permanent halocline at the transition between the Early Littorina Sea and the Littorina Sea s. str. Laminated sediments were deposited during three main periods (i.e. between c. 8000–4000, 2000–800 cal. yr BP and subsequent to AD 1800) which overlap the Holocene Thermal Maximum (c. 9000–5000 cal. yr BP), the Medieval Warm Period (c. AD 750–1200) and the modern historical period (AD 1800 to present) and coincide with intervals of high surface salinity (at least during the Littorina s. str.) and high total organic carbon content. This study implies that there may be a correlation between climate variability in the past and the state of the marine environment, where milder and dryer periods with less freshwater run-off correspond to increased salinities and higher accumulation of organic carbon resulting in amplified hypoxia and enlarged distribution of laminated sediments. We suggest that hydrology changes in the drainage area on long time-scales have, as well as the inflow of saltier North Sea waters, controlled the deep oxic conditions in the Baltic Sea and that such changes have followed the general Holocene climate development in Northwest Europe. Increased hypoxia during the Medieval Warm Period also correlates with large-scale changes in land use that occurred in much of the Baltic Sea watershed during the early-medieval expansion. We suggest that hypoxia during this period in the Baltic Sea was not only caused by climate, but increased human impact was most likely an additional trigger. Large areas of the Baltic Sea have experienced intermittent hypoxic from at least AD 1900 with laminated sediments present in the Gotland Basin in the Baltic Proper since then and up to present time. This period coincides with the industrial revolution in Northwestern Europe which started around AD 1850, when population grew, cutting of drainage ditches intensified, and agricultural and forest industry expanded extensively. 相似文献
7.
长江三角洲全新世地层中潮滩沉积磁性特征及其古环境意义 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
对长江三角洲北翼江苏南通地区NT钻孔（长60.9 m）进行了系统的环境磁学分析,并结合岩性特征、粒度、漫反射光谱（DRS）等手段,探讨了全新世早、晚期潮滩沉积的磁性特征及其古环境意义。NT孔自下而上可分为6层（U1~U6层）,其中U2层下部（49.9~44.8 m）和U6层（7.5~0.3 m）为潮滩沉积,具有较低的退磁参数S比值及较高的硬剩磁（HIRM）和SIRM/χ,表明反铁磁性矿物如赤铁矿、针铁矿等含量和比例较高。结合漫反射光谱（DRS）分析,发现U6层上部盐沼（1.5~0.3 m）赤铁矿和针铁矿富集,U2层下部的盐沼仅富集赤铁矿。这一差异与U2层和U6层形成的时期和沉积环境有关。U2层形成于晚更新世晚期至早全新世,且曾长期暴露地表,有利于赤铁矿的形成,其后随着海平面的持续上升,盐沼不断垂向加积,始终处于水下环境,不利于针铁矿的形成;U6层形成于晚全新世三角洲海岸的进积过程中,氧化还原相互交替的环境有利于针铁矿的形成,后期成陆后的成土作用生成了较多的磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿。研究表明,全新世三角洲发育过程中,不同时期形成的盐沼具有不同的磁性特征,磁性特征的研究可以提供潮滩沉积环境演变的信息,对三角洲古环境重建研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
8.
中国东部陆架边缘海发育多个全新世泥质区,是研究古海洋和古气候的理想区域。本研究从现代沉积过程和全新世沉积记录的视角,对山东半岛近岸泥质区的前人研究结果进行总结梳理,为后续相关研究提供参考。山东半岛近岸泥质区位于山东半岛沿岸,主要是来自黄河的沉积物在沿岸流、上升流、潮汐等相互作用下沉积而成,呈现独特的“Ω”形沉积模式。山东半岛近岸泥质区形成于全新世,物质来源主要是黄河,近岸侵蚀和当地小河流也贡献一定的物质来源。山东半岛近岸泥质区的形成和演化与古海洋条件、海平面升降、内陆古气候演变等多种因素有关,蕴藏着丰富的环境演化信息。山东半岛近岸泥质区沉积能够快速记录东亚季风的演变,其较高的沉积速率为研究黄河流域的古气候和古生态演化提供高分辨率的材料,可为预测未来全球变化背景下黄河流域的发展趋势提供参考。虽然前人对现代沉积过程进行了大量工作,但仍需加强现代观测和数值模拟等方面的工作,为更好地重建研究区的沉积动力过程提供数据和理论支撑。此外,该区在长时间尺度上的沉积物和有机质的沉积过程对古海洋和古气候的响应机制也亟待开展研究。 相似文献
9.
The Tonian Period witnessed important environmental changes and critical evolutionary innovations. Published iron speciation data suggest a global redox transition of mid-depth seawaters from euxinic to ferruginous in early Tonian, but details of this transition remain unknown. This study explores Tonian stromatolitic carbonates as a possible archive of paleoenvironmental changes, through the investigation of dolomitic limestones and dolostones associated with stromatolites of the Weiji Formation in the Huaibei region of North China. Three types of dolomitization are recognized on the basis of petrographic and geochemical data. Type I and II dolomitization resulted in dolomitic limestones characterized by LREE depletions, MREE enrichments, positive yttrium anomalies, and a lack of europium anomalies, indicating early diagenetic dolomitization, possibly in the iron reduction zone and under the influence of bottom seawater. The lack of cerium anomalies in these carbonates suggests anoxia in shallow marine environments. The coexistence of ferroan/non-ferroan dolomite crystals and overgrowth bands is interpreted as possible evidence for rapid fluctuations between iron-rich and iron-depleted conditions in pore-waters or seawaters. In contrast, type III dolomitization resulted in pervasively dolomitized stromatolitic carbonates and likely represents late diagenetic processes. This study highlights the potential of early diagenetic dolomite as an archive for paleoenvironmental investigations. 相似文献
10.
库车坳陷东部下第三系碎屑岩储层分异成因模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
库车坳陷东部下第三系优质储层主要发育于细粒碎屑岩, 而不是粗粒碎屑岩中.从构造沉积作用分析入手, 结合该区的古气候特征, 通过对两种碎屑岩沉积和成岩演化过程的深入分析, 认为粗粒与细粒碎屑岩经历了同沉积、浅埋藏区域地下水、中深埋藏压实、构造破裂与埋藏溶蚀、构造挤压与超压形成等多阶段的叠合改造, 不同阶段对碎屑岩储层特征影响不一, 从而使得储层储集空间特征出现较大分异.成岩与储层分异的结果形成了现今的油气储层, 主要发育于细粒的粉砂岩储层中, 据此建立了储层发育演化的成因模式. 相似文献
11.
The southern continental margin of Australia is a cool-water carbonate sedimentary province located in a high-energy, swell-dominated oceanographic setting. A vibrocore transect of 14C-dated sediments across the centre of the Eucla Shelf is the first record of Holocene shelf deposition in the Great Australian Bight. Much of the seafloor shallower than 70 m water depth, the base of wave abrasion, is bare Cenozoic limestone, in some places encrusted by (?) Late Pleistocene, coral-rich, limestone that is cemented by high-magnesium calcite (12 mole% MgCO3). The areally extensive, 100 km-wide, hard, bored substrate supports an epibiota of coralline algae, minor bryozoans and soft algae or is covered by patches of Holocene sediment up to 1.5 m thick; generally a basal bivalve lag (< 3 ka) overlain by quartzose-bioclastic palimpsest sand. This pattern of active carbonate production but little accretion on the wave-swept mid- to inner-shelf is similar to that on other parts of the southern Australian continental margin. The term shaved shelf is proposed for this style of carbonate platform, formed by alternating periods of sediment accretion, cementation and erosion.
The palimpsest sand is typically rich in bivalves, coralline algae and locally, detrital dolomite. Outer shelf Holocene sediment, below the base of wave abrasion but inboard of the shelf edge, is a metre-thick unit of fine, microbioclastic muddy sand with minor delicate bryozoans overlying a 9–13 ka rhodolith gravel. Some of this outer shelf sediment appears to have been resedimented. The shelf edge is a sandy and rocky seafloor with active bryozoan growth and sediment production.
The Holocene sediments are enriched in coralline algal particles and conspicuous large foraminifers (cf. Marginopora) and depleted in bryozoans, as compared to coeval deposits on the Lacepede and Otway shelves off southeastern Australia. These differences are interpreted to reflect warmer waters of the Leeuwin Current and prevalent downwelling in this area as opposed to the general upwelling and colder waters in the east. 相似文献
12.
芙蓉世早期全球发生的生物绝灭事件与该时期古环境的变化可能存在着密切联系,但未有定论;相对于深水相区,浅水台地沉积物地球化学特征对古环境的变化有着更敏感的响应,有利于深化这一问题的理解。选取北京西山下苇甸剖面第三统崮山组和芙蓉统长山组碳酸盐岩沉积为研究对象,通过元素地球化学和同位素的分析,重建这一时期古环境的变迁过程,并探讨其与生命演化的关系。结果表明:崮山组和长山组沉积更替时期,古气候和古海洋环境有大的波动。海水由海平面低点快速海侵,水体还原性急剧增强,海水温度降至最低点,盐度升高至最高点,可能这是三叶虫生态崩溃及其灭绝的重要原因。长山组早期干热气候和温湿气候交替频繁,大规模海侵促使陆源碎屑物质输入的增加,海水中营养元素的富集促进了生物勃发;同时深水的还原性条件有利于有机质的保存,最终导致碳酸盐岩碳同位素的正漂。研究还表明,这次碳同位素正漂的发生与长山中晚期海平面的下降没有明显的成因联系。 相似文献
13.
Through an extensive sampling and dating of pairs of associated shells and charcoal fragments combined with reanalysis of all the available previous data, we reconstruct the evolution throughout the Holocene of the regional marine radiocarbon reservoir effect (ΔR) values along the northern Chile-southern Peru area (14°-24°S). After elimination of the cases in which the terrestrial component yielded older ages than the marine shells to which they were associated, the study is based upon data from 47 pairs of associated marine and terrestrial material.Our results suggest major changes in both the magnitude and variability range of ΔR during the whole Holocene Period: (1) between 10,400 and 6840 cal yr BP, high values (511 ± 278 yr) probably result from a strengthened SE Pacific subtropical anticyclone and shoaling of equatorial subsurface waters during intensified upwelling events; (2) between 5180 and 1160 cal yr BP, lower values (226 ± 98 yr) may reflect a major influence of subtropical water and diminished coastal upwelling processes; (3) during the last ~ thousand years, high values (between 355 ± 105 and 253 ± 207 yr) indicate an increased influence of 14C-depleted water masses and of ENSO. For the early twentieth century a ΔR value of 253 ± 207 yr was calculated. 相似文献
14.
Depositional and post-depositional controls on magnetic signals from saltmarshes on the north-west coast of Ireland 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Magnetic measurements were carried out on samples from two saltmarshes deposited during the last century on the north-west coast of Ireland. Based on profiles from cliffed saltmarsh edge, mid-marsh and supratidal locations, the processes that affect the generation and persistence of magnetic properties in environments were investigated. This was done to help in understanding the geochemical processes affecting north-west Irish coast saltmarshes and to determine the frequency and provenance of sediment-laden flooding events; hence, disentangling the importance of clastic and organic contributions to saltmarsh growth. Magnetic properties indicate depositional and post-depositional effects varying on both temporal and spatial scales. The interpretations presented here suggest that both biogenic and diagenetic processes have a strong effect on the magnetic properties recorded: in the former case, the growth of magnetotactic bacteria is the main process; in the latter case, it is reductive diagenesis, associated with organic matter decomposition, that is important. The biogenic and diagenetic effects overprint and degrade the detrital magnetic signatures respectively. This suggests that magnetic measurements within the context of north-west Irish coast saltmarshes can provide limited information on clastic sediment input to these environments. Comparisons between sites on the north-west coast of Ireland show similar magnetic properties, despite differences in deposition rates, implying that significant post-depositional alteration of magnetic properties occurs within the first 20–40 years after deposition. Magnetic properties of north-west coast Irish saltmarshes are put into a regional context by comparison with magnetic profiles from similar sites. 相似文献
15.
The diagenetic environment, diagenetic responses, diagenetic transformation model and formation mechanisms of high-quality reservoirs (beach-bar sandstones of the Paleogene fourth member) in the Dongying depression were studied through the analysis of fluid inclusions, thin section and burial evolution history. The diagenetic fluids of the beach-bar sandstone reservoirs evolved from early high salinity and weak alkalinity to low salinity and strong acidity, late high salinity and strong alkalinity and late low salinity and acidity, which were accompanied by two stages of oil and gas filling. The fluids at the margins of the sandbodies were continuously highly saline and strongly alkaline. The western (eastern) reservoirs experienced early open (closed), middle open, and late closed diagenetic environments during their burial history. The flow pattern was characterized by upwelling during the majority of the diagenesis (in the east, a non-circulating pattern transitioned into an upwelling current). Due to the evolution of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic sequence of the beach-bar reservoirs was as follows: early weak carbonate cementation; feldspar and carbonate cement dissolution and authigenic quartz cementation; late carbonate and anhydrite cementation, authigenic feldspar cementation, and late quartz dissolution; and late carbonate cementation, feldspar dissolution, and authigenic quartz cementation. The diagenetic strength during these stages varied or was absent altogether in different parts of the reservoirs. Due to the closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow pattern of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic products are variably distributed in the sandstones interbedded with mudstones and in the fault blocks. The evolution of multiple alternating alkaline and acidic diagenetic environments controlled the distribution patterns of the reservoir diagenesis and reservoir space, and the reservoir quality index, RQI, increased gradually from the margins to the centers of the sandstones. The closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow patterns of the diagenetic fluids controlled the differences in the reservoir properties among the fault blocks. With increasing distance from the oil-source faults, the RQI values in the west gradually decreased and in the east initially increased and then decreased. 相似文献
16.
川北若尔盖高原红原泥炭剖面孢粉记录的晚冰期以来古气候古环境的演变 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
利用14C测年及孢粉分析方法对位于若尔盖高原的红原泥炭剖面进行了系统研究,重建了若尔盖地区晚冰期以来古环境的演化历史,并识别在此期间发生的主要气候事件.结果表明:该区晚冰期的气候特点为冷偏干或凉偏干,冷暖波动频繁.其中,14.1～13.4、12.4～12.0和10.5～10.0 kaBP之间的冷阶段分别对应于Oldest Dryas、Older Dryas及Younger Dryas事件;发生于12.6～12.4和12.0～10.5kaBP左右的暖阶段分别对应于Bolling及Allerod暖期.Younger Dryas事件之后,气候总体以温湿为主要特征,8.9～8.7和6.1～5.8kaBP之间的明显降温为全新世期间的2次冷事件.孢粉记录所反映的若尔盖地区晚冰期以来的气候演化与全球气候变化具有较好的可比性. 相似文献
17.
《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2019,351(7):487-497
In this study, we explored the evidence of late Holocene climate changes in southern Tunisia, examining extreme events of flood and sandstorm sedimentary succession records, in Sebkha Mhabeul. A sediment-derived climatic proxy was inferred from a 93.5-cm-deep core (Mh1), whose dating by tephrochronology has already been achieved in previous works. Multiple geochemical, sedimentological, magnetic susceptibility, and quartz grain microtexture proxies were used to determine the shifts in regional climatic conditions. The Sebkha core captured sensitive changes in the precipitation/evaporation (P/E) balance by adjustments in salinity, and is especially valuable for reconstructing variability over centennial timescales. The Sebkha Mhabeul area showed higher salinity during the Roman Warm Period (RWP: 2100–1400 cal yr BP), the Medieval Warm Period (MWP: 1000–600 cal yr BP) and the present era, and generally lower salinity during the Dark Ages (DA: 1400-1000 cal yr BP) and the Little Ice Age (LIA: 600-200 cal yr BP).In southeastern Tunisia, the hydrological behavior was sometimes consistent with the flood activities in the eastern Mediterranean, and sometimes contemporaneous with the flood pulsations of the western Mediterranean. 相似文献
18.
川东建南地区须家河组储层非均质性极强,致密化程度极高,为了查明储层差异演化过程,剖析储层差异演化控制因素,运用岩石学和岩石地球化学的多种实验方法,在详细刻画储层岩石学特征的基础上,划分了储层成岩相类型,查明了不同类型砂岩的物性特征和孔隙结构特征,分析了储层的差异性演化过程.研究区砂岩可以划分为4种成岩相类型,即强压实相、溶蚀相、硅质胶结相和强钙质胶结相.溶蚀相砂岩物性最好,强压实相砂岩次之,硅质胶结相和钙质胶结相砂岩物性最差.碎屑组分的差异是造成储层非均质性强和差异性演化的重要原因.塑性岩屑含量的差异,导致早成岩时期压实减孔程度的不同;长石含量的差异,影响了砂岩中溶蚀强度和方解石胶结程度;石英含量的差异,控制了砂岩中硅质胶结作用的强弱;最终,使得储层演化有先有后,空间分布非均质. 相似文献
19.
华南加里东运动演化过程中烃源岩的成生 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
震旦纪至早古生界华南地区是洋盆形成、消亡，最终向前陆盆地转换的连续过程。盆地演化划分为四个阶段：弧后盆地早期碎屑岩充填阶段；弧后盆地晚期热沉降阶段；前陆盆地碳酸盐缓坡阶段；前陆盆地晚期碎屑岩充填阶段。在盆地演化中，形成了四套主要烃源岩系：晚震旦世陡山沱期、早寒武世梅树村期—筇竹寺期、晚奥陶世五峰期和早志留世龙马溴期。其烃源岩有一个共同的特点，为黑灰的碳质页岩。但这几套烃源的成生背景是在盆地不同演化阶段、不同的沉积环境中形成的。被动大陆边缘阶段(震旦系—中奥陶世)以陆棚至斜坡的转折带为最佳。前陆盆地阶段由于前陆隆起的阻挡作用，在其后的隆后盆地为最佳的生烃区，在构造改造成阶段也为受破坏最弱区。因而陆棚至斜坡的转折带和前陆隆起的隆后盆地是寻找油气的有利靶区。 相似文献
20.
本文通过对南极宇航员海ANT36-C4-05岩心的放射性核素210Pb、AMS14C测年、XRF岩心扫描、多参数物性扫描和主、微量元素的测试分析,重建了该海区中全新世(6 500 Cal a BP)以来的古生产力演变及其制约因素。研究结果表明,中全新世以来宇航员海古生产力波动较强,其演变趋势与南极气温变化基本一致,受海冰范围变化制约较大。在6 500~5 200 Cal a BP期间宇航员海古生产力随着温度升高和海冰范围减小而快速上升;在5 200~3 350 Cal a BP期间宇航员海的古生产力处于高值期,波动较小;在3 350~2 000 Cal a BP期间随着温度降低和海冰范围的扩大,硅质、钙质生产力下降;在2 000~0 Cal a BP期间古生产力水平变化复杂,变化程度相较于之前小。同时,中全新世以来宇航员海区沉积记录较好地反映了5 500 Cal a BP冷事件、DACP冷事件、MWP暖期和LIA冷事件的气候变化,受冷、暖事件影响导致的古生产力的变化最为明显。 相似文献