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1.
《Journal of Structural Geology》1999,21(8-9):1125-1130
Integrated studies that correlate gravity data with magmatic structures or geochemical analysis reveal that the organization of granitic plutons (shape and feeder) varies according to the tectonic regime (brittle or ductile) and type (extension, strike-slip or compression) under which magma was generated. Deformation clearly controls granite emplacement. It also has influence during the ascent, segregation of melt and indirectly during the phase of initial melting. Because of the contrast of viscosity between melt and its plastic matrix, strain partitioning develops during magma ascent that facilitates melt flow, which bears consequences for the chemical evolution of the magma. Fast rate of melt extraction out of the source may lead to chemical disequilibrium. At a larger scale, petrochemical zoning of plutons is described as a dynamic process that results from the competition between the rate of magma emplacement (the rate of the room provided by deformation) and the rate of magma delivery. 相似文献
2.
We modelled thermo-rheological perturbations, related to the emplacement of a magmatic body in the upper crust. This approach was considered relevant for the areas characterized by elevated surface heat flow and chiefly for the geothermal fields. The numerical conductive thermal model applied to the Larderello geothermal area in Tuscany, allowed to constrain size, depth and timing of emplacement of the pluton. We inferred that the emplacement of a magmatic body, at a minimum depth of 3 km, having a horizontal extension of 14 km and a maximum thickness of 8 km, can reasonably reproduce the observed regional surface heat flow anomaly of the Larderello area, when 300 (± 100) kyr are elapsed from the magma emplacement. Even assuming an incremental growth, the first magma injection should not be older than 1 ± 0.3 Ma.
Results of the thermal model were used to set up a rheological model and to simulate the drifting of the brittle-ductile transition during the cooling of the pluton. A comparison with the K-horizon profile, a prominent seismic reflector in the Larderello area, was then performed. It was found that the K-horizon approximately corresponds with the pluton roof and with the current location of the brittle-ductile transition. 相似文献
3.
花岗质岩浆的起源、迁移及就位是研究大陆岩石圈流变学特性的重要方面。然而,板内伸展背景下同构造花岗岩体的岩浆来源、就位机制和岩浆流动与区域应力场的关系等问题缺乏系统性的总结。晚中生代期间华北板块东部逐渐变为区域伸展体制,同时中浅部地壳形成一系列的韧性剪切带、变质核杂岩和拆离断层,这些伸展构造往往伴有同剪切变形的花岗岩体。因此,华北东部是系统研究板内伸展背景下同构造花岗岩体的最佳区域。本文选取多个典型的同构造花岗岩体,进行综合分析。通过归纳总结这些同构造岩体的岩石地球化学和年代学资料,发现多数同构造岩体具有多个岩浆源区,且较早就位的中性岩席(单元)往往来自壳幔混合岩浆或新生下地壳的部分熔融,而较晚的酸性岩席(单元)则主要来源于古老下地壳的部分熔融。这一特点反映了同伸展岩体岩浆源区由深至浅的演化规律,也揭示了区域伸展背景下源自地幔的流体和热量是触发地壳部分熔融的重要因素。通过分析岩浆就位过程中围岩和岩体中形成的定向及变形组构,发现华北东部同伸展岩体的就位模式可分为三大类:以扁平岩床或岩基形式就位于中部地壳的水平韧性剪切带内;岩浆以近直立运移的方式形成长轴平行拆离断层的岩基,就位于变质核杂岩核部或拆离断层下盘;岩浆就位于再活化的先存断裂,通过膨胀作用、挤压围岩获得就位空间并使围岩变形,形成类似底辟作用的就位方式。剪切应力和浮力是影响岩浆运移方向的重要力学参数。岩浆自源区上升的过程中浮力起着主要控制作用,就位于韧性剪切带时剪切应力起着控制作用,就位于浅部地壳的脆-韧性过渡带时浮力的作用再次凸显。 相似文献
4.
Zuzana Kratinová Karel Schulmann Jean-Bernard Edel Anne-Sophie Tabaud 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2012,101(3):803-817
Orogenic compression-related fabrics (~340–335 Ma) were reworked during regional extensional deformation (~328–325 Ma) in
a large anatectic crustal domain of the Central Vosges (NE France). The extension was first accommodated by brittle dilation
affecting vertically anisotropic high-grade rocks associated with emplacement of subvertical granitic sheets. The AMS fabric
of granitoids is consistent with highly partitioned transtensional deformation marked by alternations of flat and steep foliations
and development of orthogonal lineations. This deformation passes to top-to-the-southwest ductile shearing expressed in southerly
migmatitic middle crust. The AMS fabric revealed moderately west-dipping foliations bearing subhorizontal NNW–SSE-trending
lineations and predominantly plane strain to prolate shapes. This fabric pattern is interpreted as a viscous response of stretched
partially molten crust during continuous ductile extension. Vertical ascent of voluminous granites and stoping of the upper
crust occurs further south. This gravity ascent triggered by extension leads to development of south-dipping AMS foliations,
south-plunging lineations and oblate fabrics in various crustal granites. Vertical shortening related to ascent of these (~325 Ma)
granitoids and persistent N–S stretching is responsible for reworking and remelting of originally vertical compression-related
fabric in roof supracrustal granites (~340 Ma) and development of highly prolate fabrics in these rocks. This work shows that
the finite shape of AMS fabric ellipsoid is highly sensitive to both strain regime and superpositions of orthogonal deformation
events. 相似文献
5.
Jiří Žák František V. Holub Václav Kachlík 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2006,95(5):771-789
The presence of numerous roof pendants, stoped blocks and discordant intrusive contacts suggests that magmatic stoping was a widespread, large-scale process during the final construction of the Central Bohemian Plutonic Complex, Bohemian Massif. The measured total length of the discordant contacts that cut off the regional cleavage and were presumably formed by stoping corresponds to about half of all contacts with the upper-crustal host rocks. In addition, at least some of the straight, cleavage-parallel intrusive contacts may also have recorded complex intrusive histories ending with piecemeal stoping of thin cleavage-bounded host rock blocks into the magma chamber. Based on the above, we argue that the fast strain rates required for emplacement of large plutons of the Central Bohemian Plutonic Complex into brittle upper crustal host rocks over relatively short-time span could not have been accommodated entirely by slow ductile flow or slip along faults. Instead, the emplacement was largely accommodated by much faster thermal cracking and extensive stoping independent of regional tectonic deformation. Finally, we emphasize that magmatic stoping may significantly modify the preserved structural patterns around plutons, may operate as an important mechanism of final construction of upper-crustal plutons and thus may contribute to vertical recycling and downward transport of crustal material within the magma plumbing systems in the crust. 相似文献
6.
ABSTRACT
3D seismic data from salt structures in the Southern North Sea show how viscous fluids tend to migrate towards and flow upwards along the footwalls of active normal faults where zones of low stress are inherent. This process provides one potential solution for the question of how enough space is created to accommodate large granitic bodies in the crust. During episodes of regional extension, granitic melt may collect in the lower crust below normal detachments in domed areas from which magma may be sourced. Subsequently, in the upper crust, emplacement can occur in fault-bounded laccoliths at rates commensurate with other geological processes. 相似文献
3D seismic data from salt structures in the Southern North Sea show how viscous fluids tend to migrate towards and flow upwards along the footwalls of active normal faults where zones of low stress are inherent. This process provides one potential solution for the question of how enough space is created to accommodate large granitic bodies in the crust. During episodes of regional extension, granitic melt may collect in the lower crust below normal detachments in domed areas from which magma may be sourced. Subsequently, in the upper crust, emplacement can occur in fault-bounded laccoliths at rates commensurate with other geological processes. 相似文献
7.
《Journal of Structural Geology》2001,23(6-7):1151-1165
Problems associated with syncompressional pluton emplacement center on the need to make room for magma in environments where crustal shortening, not extension, occurs on a regional scale. New structural data from the Pioneer and Boulder batholiths of southwest Montana, USA, suggest emplacement at the top of frontal thrust ramps as composite tabular bodies at crustal depths between 1 and 10 km. Frontal thrust facilitated pluton emplacement was accommodated by: (1) a magma feeder zone created along the ramp interface; (2) providing ‘releasing steps’ at ramp tops that serve as initial points of emplacement and subsequent pluton growth; and (3) localizing antithetic back-thrusts that assist in pluton ascent. A model of magma emplacement is proposed that involves these elements. This model for syntectonic ramp-top emplacement of plutons helps explain how space is made for plutons within fold-and-thrust belts. 相似文献
8.
The Papoose Flat pluton in the White-Inyo Range, California, is one of the best examples of forcefully emplaced plutons within an arc crust, having internal fabrics and a contact aureole that deformed in a ductile manner. A 2-D numerical model for the thermo-rheological evolution of the pluton–wall rock system is proposed. We explore how the frequency of magma input, from instantaneous, episodic to continuous, affects magma chamber crystallinity and rheology of both the pluton and its contact aureole. We model pluton growth in the depth range of 10–13 km, which is at the brittle–ductile transition of the crust, and in the 7–4 km depth range, where the host rocks are initially brittle. For incremental growth (episodic and continuous), the pluton begins as a sill. With subsequent injections to the bottom, the pluton grows into a laccolith. Results of mid-crustal models show that the ductile region above the Papoose Flat pluton is related to thermal weakening. The ductile region during incremental growth is 100–150 m thick, matching the observed thickness. It is ten times thinner than in the instantaneous growth model. In episodic and continuous models, the upper part of the pluton is fully or quasi-crystalline throughout growth. During continuous growth, it is likely to remain ductile with potential for the development of solid-state fabrics. During episodic growth, strain rates within the pluton during each injection may become sufficiently high to cause embrittlement of magma. In no case a ductile aureole develops above the pluton at the upper-crustal level, but may develop below the pluton, which serves as thermal insulator. Thus, the pluton’s floor may sag. During incremental growth, most of the pluton is below the solidus and brittle. The results suggest that large volcanic eruptions are unlikely to occur by slow pressurization of magma chambers; instead they require rapid injections of large melt volumes. 相似文献
9.
Elena Galadí-Enríquez Jesús Galindo-Zaldívar Fernando Simancas Inmaculada Expsito 《Tectonophysics》2003,361(1-2):83-96
The ascent and emplacement of granites in the upper crust is a major geological phenomenon accomplished by a number of different processes. The active processes determine the final geometry of the bodies and, in some favourable cases, the inverse problem of deducing mechanisms can be undertaken by relying on the geometry of plutons. This is the case of the La Bazana granitic pluton, a small Variscan igneous body that intruded Cambrian rocks of the Ossa-Morena Zone (SW Iberian Massif) in the core of a large late upright antiform. The granite shows no appreciable solid-state deformation, but has a late magmatic foliation whose orientation, derived from field observations, defines a gentle dome. The regional attitude of the main foliation in the country rock (parallel to the axial plane of recumbent folds) is NW–SE, but just around the granite, it accommodates to the dome shape of the pluton. Flattening in the host rock on top of the granite is indicated by boudinaged and folded veins, and appears to be caused by an upward pushing of the magma during its emplacement. The dome-shaped foliation of the granite, geometrically and kinematically congruent with the flattening in the host rock, can be related in the same way to the upward pushing of the magma. The level of final emplacement was deduced from the mineral associations in the thermal aureole to be of 7–10 km in depth. Models of the gravity anomaly related to the granite body show that the granite has a teardrop–pipe shape enlarged at its top. Diapiric ascent of the magma through the lower middle crust is inferred until reaching a high viscous level, where final emplacement accompanied by lateral expansion and vertical flattening took place. This natural example suggests that diapirism may be a viable mechanism for migration and emplacement of magmas, at least up to 7–10 km in depth, and it provides natural evidence for theoretical discussion on the ability of magmatic diapirs to pierce the crust. 相似文献
10.
北京房山变质核杂岩的基本特征及其成因探讨 总被引：44，自引：4，他引：40
摘要：北京房山变质核杂岩是典型的板内变质核杂岩。由核部的结晶基底及顶部的变余糜棱岩带、固态流变的中间层和脆性剪裂的上部盖层组成三层结构。核部有强力侵位的早白垩世的房山花岗闪长岩株。地壳的韧性伸展表现于下古生界及其前的盖层岩系中,形成于印支期前,反映了强烈的区域古地热异常。印支期的南北向挤压造就了区域构造格局。燕山期的岩浆侵入使变质核杂岩定型。新生代的差异性隆升使核杂岩最终出露地表。幔源热异常、基底热隆及岩浆的强力侵位是核杂岩形成的主要因素． 相似文献
11.
内蒙古苏尼特左旗早白垩世宝德尔花岗岩伸展穹隆的确定及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
内蒙古宝德尔穹隆是发育在苏尼特左旗中蒙边境地区的不对称同构造伸展穹隆。该穹隆由内向外由核部早白垩世花岗岩、边缘韧性剪切带和脆性拆离断层组成,上盘为未变形的早二叠世花岗闪长岩、泥盆系片岩和早白垩世盆地,韧性剪切带和拆离断层仅发育在穹隆西南部。区域构造解析和显微构造分析表明,岩体侵位和韧性剪切带形成于同一构造应力场,指示上盘统一向NW方向剪切,变形程度由未变形的岩体核部向外侧逐渐增强,面理的形成与岩体的侵位和隆升过程密切相关。因此,该穹隆和东北亚其他岩浆穹隆相似,是不对称的花岗岩穹隆,反映了区域伸展拆离环境下侵位的同构造花岗岩穹隆的特点。 相似文献
12.
V. Acocella 《地学学报》2000,12(4):149-155
The Amiata area is characterized by an uplift attributed to pluton emplacement during the Pliocene epoch. The shape of the buried pluton is constrained by gravity data. Fieldwork was carried out to identify possible deformations within the overburden, in order to evaluate the mechanism of emplacement. The attitudes of Lower Pliocene marine sediments, deposited immediately before the uplift, were measured also. The overall pattern of the deposits defines a dome, approximately 2.5 km high and 35 × 50 km wide. Consistency between these field data and the existing geophysical data suggests that the dome results from the emplacement of a laccolith-like intrusion which was responsible for lifting and flexuring the overburden. The Amiata case shows that roof lifting is a viable process by which space in the upper crust, to a depth of 7 km, can be accommodated during pluton emplacement. 相似文献
13.
医巫闾山岩体同伸展侵位的证据及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
医巫闾山岩体是医巫闾变质核杂岩的重要组成部分。根据医巫闾山地区花岗岩变形特征及与周围构造带的相互关系,确定医巫闾山岩体为同伸展侵位的岩体,且以岩床的形式顺层侵入在医巫闾山伸展型韧性剪切带之中,修正了前人挤压环境下岩浆侵位的观点。医巫闾山岩体及尖砬子山岩体的侵位时间在160 Ma左右,表明医巫闾山地区及燕山地区中侏罗世晚期发生过强烈的地壳伸展运动,华北北部的构造体制在中侏罗世已经改变。区内中生代存在2期伸展作用：早期伸展作用发生在中侏罗世晚期,与医巫闾山岩体的侵位同期;晚期伸展作用发生在早白垩世,形成了瓦子峪拆离断层。 相似文献
14.
北京西山房山岩体西北部强变形带的成因新解 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
北京西山房山岩体西北缘不对称发育一条弧形塑性强变形带,前人根据岩体东南部组构缓倾和岩体内部强应变分布特征提出岩浆斜向底辟侵位模式(王人镜等,1990;张吉顺和李志中,1990)。本文在前人研究的基础上,对房山岩体的组构进行系统观测,研究了西北缘固态塑性强变形带地质特征,着重探讨了岩体侵位时围岩热结构状态。文章认为岩浆同侵位固态塑性强变形带的形成需要早期岩浆进入准固态-固态和后期岩浆膨胀动力这两个必要条件。房山岩体西北部的强变形带是由于岩体侵位时西部围岩的温度较低,岩浆较早进入准固态-固态,后期岩浆侵位时膨胀动力双重因素造成的,提出了围岩热结构状态是房山岩体不对称的固态塑性强变形带的控制因素,而不是岩浆斜向底辟侵位的结果。这一研究成果不仅较合理地解释了房山岩体强变形带不对称发育特征,而且对研究同类花岗质岩体的定位机制有一定启示意义。 相似文献
15.
花岗岩与大地构造 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
花岗岩(广义)是地球有别于其它星球及地球上大陆地壳有别于大洋地壳的物质标志,是大陆上分布最广的岩石之一。在已有研究基础上,本文系统阐述了花岗岩大地构造的内涵、研究思路、研究内容和发展方向。花岗岩大地构造将花岗岩视为一种构造标志体、地质体,是从花岗岩角度,探索解决大地构造问题,其研究内容可概括为物理特性(构造)、物质组成(岩石地化)和年代学三大方面,具体研究内容包括:(1)巨量花岗岩浆侵位的物理特性变化及其构造意义,包括岩浆上升迁移、汇聚定位及岩体(带)形成/构建过程;(2)花岗岩体变形改造及其构造意义;(3)花岗岩物源与大陆生长及深部结构,以新老物质组成,划分造山带类型;(4)巨型花岗岩带发育过程与大陆聚散,探索超大陆和中小板块聚散的岩浆响应。花岗岩大地构造丰富了大地构造研究内容,也有助深化花岗岩体(带)形成、发育过程和构造背景的认识。它的提出是当今地球科学学科交叉、融合发展的必要。 相似文献
16.
Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) analysis has been carried out in the thermometamorphic aureole surrounding the
Late Miocene Monte Capanne pluton (Elba Island, Central Italy). The identification and separation of the main carriers of
the magnetic susceptibility by low-temperature and high-field AMS measurements demonstrate that a correct knowledge of the
magnetic fabric is needed in order to use AMS for tectonic interpretations. Magnetic fabric data, combined with structural
data from the aureole, and their comparison with data from the pluton itself, were used to constraint the mode of pluton emplacement.
Results document an intimate linkage between the magmatic flow pattern and the syn-metamorphic fabrics acquired during pluton
emplacement in the host rocks. The magnetic/structural fabric in the aureole rocks is dominated by flattening deformation
and no systematic relationship with any regional tectonic feature is observed. These results suggest that local processes
induced by magma ascent in the upper crust might have played a primary role in space generation for pluton emplacement in
the Tuscan Magmatic Province, suggesting a revaluation of the modes of pluton emplacement during the post-orogenic evolution
of the northern Apennine system as a whole. 相似文献
17.
珠江口盆地白云凹陷新生代构造演化动力学 总被引：42，自引：0，他引：42
白云凹陷构造演化史的研究对在白云凹陷开展油气勘探和深水沉积研究具有重要的意义。通过对断裂与沉积结构平面和剖面特点的分析,结合岩浆活动特点,文中提出白云凹陷是一个复式地堑,推测这种结构特点与凹陷下地壳的强烈韧性减薄和颈缩变形有关,表现为热岩石圈的伸展。其发育机制推测与白云凹陷位于构造转换带上有关,特殊的构造位置使白云凹陷成为强烈构造变形区,岩石圈地壳强烈减薄,伴随伸展过程和地幔上涌,脆性地壳或上地幔中部分熔融物质的出现导致岩石圈强度的急剧降低,在区域伸展应力场下以韧性流变方式减薄。岩浆在构造转换带下聚集并发育主岩浆房,由于白云凹陷南北边缘没有发育正断裂系统,岩浆主要沿垂直伸展的方向运移,因此在珠琼运动一幕和二幕南南东向伸展应力作用下,岩浆向白云凹陷的东部和西部运移至北西向基底深大断裂处,那里由于北西向断裂表现为左行张剪性质而成为压力较低的地区,从而成为岩浆上涌和侵位的地方。在岩浆聚集的地区,活动岩浆体附近的脆性变形被分散的韧性变形所取代,因此在凹陷的东北和西南两个角上,发育了张性和张剪性小断裂群,由于热岩石圈弹性较差,白云凹陷长期持续沉降。白云凹陷的断裂活动和沉积演化史还受到南海海盆扩张活动的影响。 相似文献
18.
辽南变质核杂岩饮马湾山和赵房岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其地质意义 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
辽南变质核杂岩形成于晚中生代华北岩石圈伸展和减薄背景下,其演化过程分为三个阶段：第一阶段（约130Ma）,在伸展作用下辽南地区发育拆离断层及其下伏韧性剪切带;第二阶段（130~120Ma）,同构造花岗质岩体的主动侵位影响了拆离断层的演化;同时在124Ma变质核杂岩的构造-岩浆活动达到峰值;第三阶段（113Ma之后）花岗质岩体在较浅层次侵位于停止活动的拆离断层带。辽南变质核杂岩发育与演化过程在年代学意义上揭示了华北板块晚中生代时期的区域性岩石圈伸展与减薄过程。本文认为由伸展后期侵位的赵房岩体所记录的拆离断层停止的时限（113Ma）可以作为华北岩石圈强烈构造岩浆活动的转捩点,113Ma之前华北板块广泛发育变质核杂岩、拉分盆地等一系列伸展构造,之后则以平稳的隆升和冷却过程为主。 相似文献
19.
花岗岩可以视为一种很好的构造标志体,犹如褶皱、断裂一样。从花岗岩浆的形成、融体分离、岩浆上升到岩体定位以及变形改造的全过程都蕴含着丰富的构造动力学信息。研究花岗岩浆上升、迁移和定位可以探讨构造块体抬升及区域构造动力学。岩体生长方式与构造块体的运动学、动力学有密切的关系,极性生长揭示了上、下构造块体或岩石圈之间的相对的近水平方向剪切运移。变形花岗岩体是一种区域尺度的应变标志体,可以进行岩石有限应变测量和流变学参数估算,为分析区域构造变形特征提供应变参数。以对不同期次、不同变形程度花岗岩体为间接标志体,通过锆石定年可以限定变形的时间,特别是有可能确定早期变形的时间。岩体定位深度的系统研究有利于了解构造块体的抬升和深部构造作用。花岗岩构造与花岗岩成因类型特别是其演变研究的结合是判别构造块体动力学背景以及其转换的有效途径。通过这几方面的系统研究和有机结合,可以提供丰富的构造动力学信息,是否可能发展成较系统的花岗岩构造动力学值得探讨。 相似文献
20.
Structural mapping of the Pasupugallu pluton, an elliptical intrusive gabbro-anorthosite body, emplaced into the western contact zone between the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt and the Archaean East Dharwar Craton, along the east coast of India, reveals concentric, helicoidal and inward dipping magmatic and/or tectonic foliations. We identify a <1 km-wide structural aureole characterized by pronounced deflection of regional structures into margin parallel direction, mylonitic foliations with S-C fabrics, sigmoidal clasts, moderately plunging stretching lineations, non-cylindrical intrafolial folds, and stretched elliptical mafic enclaves in the aureole rocks. Our results suggest that the pluton emplacement is syn-tectonic with respect to the regional ductile deformation associated with the terrane boundary shear zone at the western margin of the Eastern Ghats. We present a tectonic model for the emplacement of the pluton invoking shear-related ductile deformation, rotation and a minor component of lateral expansion of magma. The intrusive activity (1450-800 Ma) along the western margin of the Eastern Ghats can be correlated with the significant event of recurring mafic, alkaline and granitic magmatism throughout the global Grenvillian orogens associated with the continent-continent collision tectonics possibly related to the amalgamation and the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia. 相似文献