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1.
River water plays a key role in human health, and in social and economic development, and is often affected by both natural factors and human activities. An in-depth understanding of the role of these factors can help in developing an effective catchment management strategy to protect precious water resources. This study analyzed river water quality, patterns of terrestrial and riparian ecosystems, intensity of agricultural activities, industrial structure, and spatial distribution of pollutant emissions in the Haihe River Basin in China for the year of 2010, identifying the variables that have the greatest impact on river water quality. The area percentage of farmland in study area, the percentage of natural vegetation cover in the 1000-m riparian zone, rural population density, industrial Gross Domestic Product (GDP)/km2, and industrial amino nitrogen emissions were all significantly correlated with river water quality (P < 0.05). Farming had the largest impact on river water quality, explaining 43.0% of the water quality variance, followed by the coverage of natural vegetation in the 1000-m riparian zone, which explained 36.2% of the water quality variance. Industrial amino nitrogen emissions intensity and rural population density explained 31.6% and 31.4% of the water quality variance, respectively, while industrial GDP/km2 explained 26.6%. Together, these five indicators explained 67.3% of the total variance in water quality. Consequently, water environmental management of the Haihe River Basin should focus on adjusting agricultural activities, conserving riparian vegetation, and reducing industrial pollutant emissions by optimizing industrial structure. The results demonstrate how human activities drive the spatial pattern changes of river water quality, and they can provide reference for developing land use guidelines and for prioritizing management practices to maintain stream water quality in a large river basin. 相似文献
2.
The second-tier extended metropolises in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta, including Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou near Shanghai,
are becoming the most active and new innovative industrial agglomerating areas. Manufacturing industries in these second-tier
cities have been in rapid growth due to increasing foreign investment. Nevertheless, the economic prospect of these cities
is still constrained by a lack of local R&D capacity and production services, which are mainly dependent upon Shanghai. This
paper analyses the impact of globalization on the new economic sectors in these cities, the change of industrial structure,
the limitation of urban development and the problem of sustainability. Then, the paper analyses the conditions for the high-tech
industry and production services in these areas. Also, it applies the industrial organization theory to these cities and examines
how these cities can cooperate with each other in terms of horizontal linkages. Finally, the paper gives the future growth
prospects in high-tech industry and production services.
Foundation item: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40371031)
Biography: CHEN Wen (1967–), female, a native of Ningde of Fujian Province, professor, specialized in urban economic and urban
geography. E-mail: wchen@niglas.ac.cn 相似文献
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太湖水质站网数据的主成分分析应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文采用主成分分析方法,对太湖湖区的水质站网数据进行了定量化研究,挖掘出对于表征水质状况的主成分变量贡献较大的水质指标,并分析了影响水质的主要原因和各个主成分的环境意义,最终求得主成分的综合得分并进行分级排序,结果表明:前四个主成分已经可以综合90%以上的因子信息,完全可以取代11个指标因子进行综合分析太湖湖区的水质状况。说明主成分分析方法克服了多维指标难以综合分析的缺陷,可能是未来水质综合分析的一种重要方法之一。 相似文献
5.
DYNAMIC VARIATIONS OF WATER QUALITY IN TAIHU LAKE AND MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF ITS INFLUENTIAL FACTORS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ＤＹＮＡＭＩＣ ＶＡＲＩＡＴＩＯＮＳ ＯＦ ＷＡＴＥＲ ＱＵＡＬＩＴＹ ＩＮ ＴＡＩＨＵ ＬＡＫＥ ＡＮＤ ＭＵＬＴＩＶＡＲＩＡＴＥ ＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳ ＯＦ ＩＴＳ ＩＮＦＬＵＥＮＴＩＡＬ ＦＡＣＴＯＲＳＤＹＮＡＭＩＣＶＡＲＩＡＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＷＡＴＥ... 相似文献
6.
太湖水质参数MODIS的遥感定量提取方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用MODIS数据的可见光、近红外波段和准实时的地面采样数据,分别利用线性回归模型和神经网络模型反演了太湖的叶绿素a和悬浮物浓度.结果表明,利用MODIS数据的波段组合(M2/M8)和(M2/M9)可估算太湖的叶绿素a浓度;而MODIS数据的波段组合(M12/M17)、(M13/M17)及MODIS(M4)波段能定量估算太湖的悬浮物浓度,但估算精度仍不能满足实际需要.因此,构建了一个以MODIS可见光及近红外波段为输入,以太湖水质参数为输出的2层BP神经网络模型反演太湖的水质参数,大大提高了反演精度. 相似文献
7.
Assessment of point and nonpoint sources pollution in Songhua River Basin,Northeast China by using revised water quality model 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Individual participation of pollutants in the pollution load should be estimated even if roughly for the appropriate environmental management of a river basin. It is difficult to identify the sources and to quantify the load, especially in modeling nonpoint source. In this study a revised model was established by integrating point and nonpoint sources into one-dimensional Streeter-Phelps (S-P) model on the basis of real-time hydrologic data and surface water quality monitoring data in the Jilin Reach of the Songhua River Basin. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH_3-N) loads were estimated. Results showed that COD loads of point source and nonpoint source were 134 958 t/yr and 86 209 t/yr, accounting for 61.02% and 38.98% of total loads, respectively. NH_3-N loads of point source and nonpoint source were 16 739 t/yr and 14 272 t/yr, accounting for 53.98% and 46.02%, respectively. Point source pollution was stronger than nonpoint source pollution in the study area at present. The water quality of upstream was better than that of downstream of the rivers and cities. It is indispensable to treat industrial wastewater and municipal sewage out of point sources, to adopt the best management practices to control diffuse pollutants from agricultural land and urban surface runoff in improving water quality of the Songhua River Basin. The revised S-P model can be successfully used to identify pollution source and quantify point source and nonpoint source loads by calibrating and validating. 相似文献
8.
本文探讨了数字农业空间管治信息质量指标。提出数字农业空间管治起源于农业发展中土地结构的更新改造,任何一项农业更新改造规划与实施,都需要对更新项目进行空间准入审批和空间管制决策评价。基于对农业更新改造的评价,建立了空间准入评价与空间管制决策指标体系。通过分析影响数据质量的因素,构建数字农业空间管治质量指标体系。 相似文献
9.
日照傅疃河中下游地区的地下水是日照城区工农业生产和居民生活的主要水源，由于长期超采，使水资源的供需矛盾日益突显，并导致地下水降落漏斗、海水入侵、土壤盐渍化等环境地质问题的出现。为缓解水资源供水紧张局面，改善当地生态地质环境，对日照在傅疃河中下游修建地下水库的必要性和可行性进行了初步探讨，认为傅疃河中下游具有丰富的补给水源，良好的储水空间，理想的边界条件和适宜的拦蓄坝址。修建地下水库能够产生良好的社会效益和经济效益。 相似文献
10.
日照傅疃河流域修建地下水库的必要性与可行性初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
日照傅疃河中下游地区的地下水是日照城区工农业生产和居民生活的主要水源,由于长期超采,使水资源的供需矛盾日益突显,并导致地下水降落漏斗、海水入侵、土壤盐渍化等环境地质问题的出现。为缓解水资源供水紧张局面,改善当地生态地质环境,对日照在傅疃河中下游修建地下水库的必要性和可行性进行了初步探讨,认为傅疃河中下游具有丰富的补给水源,良好的储水空间,理想的边界条件和适宜的拦蓄坝址。修建地下水库能够产生良好的社会效益和经济效益。 相似文献
11.
Relationship between changes of river-lake networks and water levels in typical regions of Taihu Lake Basin, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The typical regions of the Taihu Lake Basin,China,were selected to analyze the variation characteristics of river-lake networks under intensive human activities.The characteristics of the fractal dimension of river networks and lakes for different periods were investigated and the influences of river system evolution on water level changes were further explored through the comparison of their fractal characters.The results are as follows:1) River network development of the study area is becoming more monotonous and more simple;the number of lakes is reducing significantly,and the water surface ratio has dropped significantly since the 1980s.2) The box dimension of the river networks in all the cities of the study area decreased slowly from the 1960s to the 1980s,while the decrease was significant from the 1980s to the 2000s.The variations of lake correlation dimension are similar to those of the river network box dimensions.This is unfavorable for the storage capacity of the river networks and lakes.3) The Hurst exponents of water levels were all between 0.5 and 1.0 from the 1960s to the 1980s,while decreased in the 2000s,indicating the decline in persistence and increase in the complexity of water level series.The paper draws a conclusion that the relationship between the fractal dimension of river-lake networks and the Hurst exponents of the water level series can reveal the impacts of river system changes on flood disasters to some extent:the disappearance of river networks and lakes will increase the possibility of flood occurrence. 相似文献
12.
徐桂卿 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1991,1(2):179-187
The Taihu Lake region in southern Jiangsu is one of the regions with flourishing economy and the highest level of urbanization due to favourable natural conditions and socio-economic foundation. However, there emerge a seriers of urban ecological problems on continuous stretch of cities and towns, a vague division of urban functions, ground subsidence, serious pollution of atmosphere and waters arising from dense population, irrational distribution of industry, backwardeness of municipal engineering facilities, and inexperienced scientific management of water resources. In order to improve the urban eco-environment in this lake region, we should work out an overall regional eco梕nvironmental programme, perfect the urban economic set-up from the reqirements of urban material circulations and energy exchanges, and finally put into practice the urban functional regionalism, so that the Taihu Lake region in southern Jiangsu has not only a higher economic benefit, but also a beautiful and comfortable eco-env 相似文献
13.
The heavy floods in the Taihu Basin Showed increasing trend in recent years.In this work,a typical area in the northern Taihu Basin was selected for flood rish analysis and potential flood losses assessment.human activities have strong impact on the study area‘s flood situation(as affected by the polders built,deforestation,population increase,urbanization,etc.) and have made water level higher,flood duration shorter,and flood peaks sharper.Five years of different flood return periods[(1970),5(1962),10(1987),20(1954),50(1991)] were used to calculate the potential flood risk area and its losses.The potential flood risk map,economic losses,and flood-impacted population were also calculated.The study‘s main conclusions are:1) Human activities have strongly changed the natural flood situation in the study area,increasing runoff and flooding;2) The flood risk area is closely related with the precipitation center;3) Polder construction has successfully protected land from flood.Shortened the flood duration,and elevated water leel in rivers outside the polders;4) Economic and social development have caused flood losses to increase in recent years. 相似文献
14.
1：5万农业地质调查是地学与农学相结合探索解决农业问题的基础性工作。以农业地质背景和环境地质研究为重点,地球化学研究为核心,开展区域土壤肥力与农业环境质量评价,区域水文地质与水资源评价,区域地球化学环境与人体健康以及土壤改良、农作物宜种性等方面的研究,为现代农业规划及农业结构调整提供科学依据。 相似文献
15.
太湖蓝藻水华遥感动态监测预警信息系统 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
太湖蓝藻水华暴发对其周边地区的生态、经济和社会造成了严重影响,对蓝藻水华进行监测预警对于改善太湖水环境具有重要意义。本文在分析蓝藻水华遥感监测预警研究动态基础上,从信息系统构建角度,结合太湖蓝藻水华监测情况,对太湖蓝藻水华遥感监测预警流程进行系统性分析,提出建立太湖蓝藻水华遥感监测预警系统的总体框架,利用C#语言和IDL语言实现了该框架的软件架构,并且论述了实现该系统框架所采用的系统集成技术和软件模式技术。 相似文献
16.
黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展是我国新时代的重大战略任务。探究黄河流域PM2.5浓度的时空变化趋势,并分析其社会经济影响因素,对该地区的大气污染防治和实现高质量发展具有重要意义。本文采用时间序列趋势估计、空间自相关分析、地理探测器和地理加权回归方法,揭示了“十三五”时期年黄河流域不同尺度（全流域以及61个地级市）PM2.5浓度值和变化趋势的时空分异特征,定量探究了社会经济因素对PM2.5浓度的影响机制及其时空过程。结果表明：① 在“十三五”时期,黄河流域的PM2.5污染情况整体好转,其浓度呈波动下降的趋势,平均每年下降约4.2 μg/m³,彰显了我国大气污染防治攻坚战取得的重要成效;② 山东、河南、山西和陕西的PM2.5浓度值较高,但山东、河南改善速度较快,山西和陕西改善速度较慢;③ 以目前的改善速率推算,在黄河流域61个地级市中,54个市将能够完成“十四五”规划中PM2.5浓度下降10%的目标,而咸阳、西安、榆林、太原、临汾、运城、晋城7市将难以完成;④ 人口密度、工业企业数、土地利用强度是导致黄河流域PM2.5浓度升高的主要社会经济因素,其解释力均达到50%以上;⑤ 从2015—2019年,土地利用程度指数和人口密度的主要影响区域均转移至黄河流域中部地区,建议山西、陕西、内蒙古应作为下一阶段治理工作关注的重点区域;⑥ 促进与环境承载力相协调的城乡发展、控制工业规模并提高其环保水平,是进一步治理黄河流域大气污染的重要策略。 相似文献
17.
坚持流域综合管理促进人与自然和谐发展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
胡振鹏 《地球信息科学学报》2005,7(1):4-8
针对鄱阳湖流域曾出现的水土流失、生态环境恶化和水旱灾害频繁等问题,积极探索流域综合管理的机制与方法,实施"山江湖综合开发治理工程",有步骤地进行生态环境整治和建设,把治山治水与发展经济结合起来,努力使社会经济发展和环境保护、生态建设结合起来。经过二十年的不懈努力,打造出一个"绿色江西",提高了区域可持续发展能力。进入新世纪以来,提出的"既要金山银山,更要绿水青山"发展思路,在继续保持良好生态环境的前提下,加快了社会经济发展。 相似文献
18.
《中国地理科学(英文版)》2019,(4)
Three types of spatial function zoning is an effective measure for regional environmental protection and orderly development.For ecological and economic coordinated development, spatial function zones should be divided scientifically to clear its direction of development and protection. Therefore, based on ecological constraints, a beneficial discussion would be about the key ecological function areas adopting the concept of ecological protection restriction and supporting socioeconomic development for spatial function zoning. In this paper, the researchers, taking Tacheng Basin, Xinjiang of China as an example, choose township as basic research unit and set up an evaluation index system from three aspects, namely, ecological protection suitability, agricultural production suitability, and urban development suitability, which are analyzed by using spatial analysis functions and exclusive matrix method. The results showed that: 1) This paper formed a set of multilevel evaluation index systems for three types of spatial function zoning of the key ecological function areas based on a novel perspective by scientifically dividing Tacheng Basin into ecological space, agricultural space, and urban space,which realized the integration and scientific orientation for spatial function at the township scale. 2) Under the guidance of three types of spatial pattern, the functional orientation and suggestions of development and protection was clearly defined for ecological protection zones,ecological economic zones, agricultural production zones, and urban development zones. 3) A new idea of space governance is provided to promote the coordinated and sustainable development between ecology and economy, which can break the traditional mode of thinking about regional economic development, and offers a scientific basis and reference for macro decision-making. 相似文献
19.
江苏省环太湖地区土地利用结构演变与驱动力分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文以江苏省环太湖地区为研究区域,以1996～2007年快速发展时期为研究时段,对这一特定时空的土地利用结构变化及其驱动机制进行研究。文章以大量数据为基础,分析了区域内土地利用结构动态度、信息熵和均衡度。1996年以来,江苏省环太湖地区用地结构调整即以趋向均衡的速度逐渐变缓。从2004年开始,江苏省环太湖地区用地结构趋向合理、均衡化发展。文章揭示了土地利用结构与经济发展驱动因素、农业集约化因素、城市化因素、人口因素、政策因素这五个因素有关。 相似文献
20.
采用PS-InSAR时序技术对常州市2018-01~2019-12的24期Sentinel-1A影像数据进行处理,获取常州市地面形变信息。所得结果与同期水准监测数据有较好的一致性,两者较差最大值为6.1 mm、平均值为2.7 mm、均方根误差(RMSE)为1.7 mm。结果显示,抬升区域主要位于城镇,累积抬升量平均值约为7.3 mm;沉降区域主要位于农村,累积沉降量平均值约为7.6 mm;武进区南部等地局部沉降严重,累积沉降量平均值超过15 mm。分析第Ⅱ承压水水位变化对地面沉降的影响显示,两者相关系数为0.55;同时分析某分层基岩标各地层回弹情况发现,深部地层多数处于反弹阶段,而浅部地层是目前土层压缩（沉降）的主要层段。说明近2 a第Ⅱ承压水对常州市地面沉降具有一定的影响,但已不是主要影响因素,浅部地层土层压缩已成为常州市地面沉降的主要影响因素。 相似文献