共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
Possible reasons for the temporal variability of solar activity (SA) and galactic cosmic ray (GCR) effects on the tropospheric circulation are studied. Long-term variations in the amplitude and sign of SA/GCR effects are shown to be closely related to the state of the stratospheric circumpolar vortex. A ??60-year periodicity was detected the vortex strength which affects the evolution of the large-scale atmospheric circulation. It is shown that the correlation coefficients between pressure in the troposphere and SA/GCR characteristics change the sign in the periods of transformations of the large-scale circulation caused by changes in the state of the vortex. The obtained results suggest an important part of the circumpolar vortex in the mechanism of solar-climate links. 相似文献
2.
George Papantonopoulos Konstantinos Modis 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2006,20(1-2):23-32
This work develops a model of the geothermal field in the Nea Kessani region (Greece) by means of the Bayesian maximum entropy
(BME) method, which describes the temperature variations across space in the underground geological formations. The geothermal
field is formed by a thermal reservoir consisting of arcosic sandstones. The temperature distribution vs depth was first investigated
by the Greek Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration (IGME) using measurements in a set of vertical drill holes. These
measurements showed that hot fluids rising from the deep enter the reservoir in a restricted area of the field and flow towards
local thermal springs. The field modelling, which was based on the powerful BME concept, involves the solution of a stochastic
partial differential equation that assimilates important site-specific information. The stochastic three-dimensional steady-state
Laplace equation was considered as general knowledge and the drilling exploration data were used to construct the specificatory
knowledge base in the BME terminology. The produced map is more informative and, in general, it gives higher temperature estimates
compared to previous studies of the same region. This is also in agreement with the quartz geothermometry analysis carried
out by IGME. 相似文献
3.
We demonstrate evidence that past composite based studies centred around the onset of Forbush decrease (FD) events may have improperly isolated the maximal galactic cosmic ray (GCR) decrease associated with the FD events. After an adjustment of the composite to account for such shortcomings we find indications of anomalous cloud cover decreases (of around 3%) located in the upper levels of the troposphere at high southern latitudes. These cloud changes are detectable after latitudinal averaging, suggesting the possibility of a second order relationship between the rate of GCR flux and cloud cover in this region. The maximal cloud change is observed in advance of the maximal GCR decrease; this implies that if the observed cloud changes bear a causal relationship to the rate of GCR flux, then cloud properties may be sensitive to changes in GCR conditions rather than the maximal deviations themselves. 相似文献
4.
B. Nath 《地震工程与结构动力学》1981,9(1):33-51
A novel method has been proposed for the finite element solution of the steady-state scalar wave equation in three-dimensions. In this the governing equation and the prescribed boundary conditions in the physical space are transformed into a spherical polar space in which the radial direction is logarithmically condensed; the physical problem domain is also mapped into the new space. The transformed equation is then solved in the mapped domain using conventional finite elements. Because physical dimensions of the problem are logarithmically condensed in the proposed spherical polar space, the method is particularly suitable for solving truly three-dimensional problems in which the aspect ratio(s) is large or very large. A number of illustrative examples considered show that the proposed method is capable of a high degree of accuracy, achieved efficiently and economically. A hybrid scheme has also been proposed for dealing with awkward-shaped domains. 相似文献
5.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2008,70(7):1122-1131
Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) have been suggested as a possible contributory mechanism to cloud formation. If these are significant then, in addition to the similarity between long-term (years) changes in GCR and cloud cover, there should also be a similarity over shorter (days) time scales. This paper reports an analysis of changes in global cloud cover and GCR recorded at 3 hourly intervals over 22 years. There is a significant correlation between short-term changes in low cloud cover over northern and southern hemispheres, consistent with about 3% of the variation arising from common factors. However, GCR is not a major factor responsible for cloud cover changes. There is an association between short-term changes in low cloud cover and galactic cosmic radiation over a period of several days. This could arise if approximately 3% of the variations in cloud cover resulted from GCR. 相似文献
6.
The spatial and temporal structure of the effects of solar activity (SA) and galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux variations on the lower atmosphere circulation has been studied based on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis archive for 1948–2006 and MSLP (Climatic Research Unit, UK) data for 1873–2000. It has been shown that the GCR effects on pressure variations are characterized by a strong latitudinal and regional dependence, which is determined by specific features of the tropospheric circulation in the studied regions. The distribution of the correlation coefficients for mean yearly values of atmospheric pressure with the GCR flux intensity is closely related to the position of the main climatological fronts. The periodic (∼60 years) changes in the correlation sign of the pressure at high and middle latitudes with Wolf numbers have been revealed. It has been suggested that the changes of the sign of SA/GCR effects on atmospheric pressure are caused by the changes of the macrocirculation epochs, which, in turn, may be related to large-scale processes on the Sun. 相似文献
7.
We study temporal changes of the rigidity (R) spectrum of the harmonics of the 27-day variation of the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity using neutron monitors (NM) data for the period 1965–2002. We show that the rigidity spectrum of the third harmonic (9 days) of the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity changes in a similar way as the spectra of the first and second harmonics, being hard in the maximum epochs and soft in the minimum epochs of solar activity. We ascribe this finding to the alternation of the sizes of the modulation regions of the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity in different epochs of solar activity. The average size of the vicinity of the corotating interaction regions, causing the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity, is less in the minimum epochs than in the maximum epochs of solar activity. A vicinity of the corotating interaction regions of larger size involves in modulation higher rigidity particles of GCR than the vicinity of smaller size; thus, this statement can be considered as one of the reasons leading to the hardening of the rigidity spectrum of the harmonics of the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity in maximum epochs compared with minimum epochs of solar activity.We also show that the temporal changes of the power rigidity spectrum of the third harmonic of the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity are negatively correlated with the rigidity spectrum of the 11-year variation of the galactic cosmic ray intensity.We found a recurrence in the temporal changes of the amplitudes of the first harmonic of the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity and in some parameters of solar activity and solar wind. 相似文献
8.
During the prolonged and deep minimum of solar activity between cycles 23 and 24, an unusual behavior of the heliospheric characteristics and increased intensity of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) near the Earth’s orbit were observed. The maximum of the current solar cycle 24 is lower than the previous one, and the decline in solar and, therefore, heliospheric activity is expected to continue in the next cycle. In these conditions, it is important for an understanding of the process of GCR modulation in the heliosphere, as well as for applied purposes (evaluation of the radiation safety of planned space flights, etc.), to estimate quantitatively the possible GCR characteristics near the Earth in the upcoming solar minimum (~2019–2020). Our estimation is based on the prediction of the heliospheric characteristics that are important for cosmic ray modulation, as well as on numeric calculations of GCR intensity. Additionally, we consider the distribution of the intensity and other GCR characteristics in the heliosphere and discuss the intercycle variations in the GCR characteristics that are integral for the whole heliosphere (total energy, mean energy, and charge). 相似文献
9.
正演是电磁法勘探野外工作参数选取、室内资料处理与解释的基础,精确、稳定、高效的三维正演算法尤为重要.本文采取先求解拉普拉斯域电场、再由Gaver-Stehfest算法获得时间域磁场的思路,基于电场异常场Helmholtz方程实现了交错网格有限差分法和有限体积法对回线源瞬变电磁法的三维正演.通过对比低阻块状体的积分方程法、时域有限差分法、矢量有限单元法和SLDM法的数值解,验证了交错网格有限差分法和有限体积法的正确性.由于交错网格有限差分法、有限体积法和基于矩形块单元的矢量有限单元法将待求电场均定义在矩形块单元棱边上,因此三种数值算法可采用相同方法进行电场待求量编码、计算背景场和后处理.然而,与矢量有限单元法相比,交错网格有限差分法和有限体积法的系数矩阵更加稀疏,求解效率更高.通过对水平低阻板状体三维模型的数值模拟,我们发现本研究中交错网格有限差分法比有限体积法精度更高;再利用一维解析法求解相应三层层状地电模型的感应电动势,我们还发现两种数值算法和一维解析法计算的感应电动势等值线形状吻合程度高,只是数值范围略有差异. 相似文献
10.
Using the spectrographic global survey method, variations in the rigidity spectrum and anisotropy of galactic cosmic rays
(March 1991) have been studied using data from ground-based observations of cosmic rays (CR) at the worldwide network of stations.
Variations in geomagnetic cutoff rigidity (GCR) have been calculated. The paper also presents latitudinal GCR variations at
certain moments of the considered period for different geomagnetic field disturbance levels. Calculation results of GCR variations
have been compared with those of effect of the westward current flowing with a strength proportional to the latitude cosine
along parallels on the sphere, for different radii of the current ring in the dipole field. 相似文献
11.
阐述了矩阵多分辨分析理论中的标准形式与非标准形式,并以Hilbert算子为例,说明了算子多分辨表示的压缩效果,为小波域偏移算法奠定了理论基础.从三维雷达波动方程出发,利用爆炸反射原理和浮动坐标变换,推导出三维探地雷达波动方程差分格式,并通过方程分裂算法及小波多分辨算法,在小波域求解波场外推矩阵,进而得到探地雷达小波域三维波动方程偏移算法,在此基础上,开发了探地雷达小波域偏移处理程序,并把该程序应用于三个球体空洞的3-D正演结果及实际的雷达数据中,通过对比偏移处理前后的雷达资料,得知该三维偏移算法能使3-D正演剖面中的反射波归位、绕射波收敛,极大地提高了雷达剖面的分辨率,有利于探地雷达资料的地质解释. 相似文献
12.
Development and testing of a physically based,three-dimensional model of surface and subsurface hydrology 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Marco Bittelli Fausto Tomei Alberto Pistocchi Markus Flury Jan Boll Erin S. Brooks Gabriele Antolini 《Advances in water resources》2010
We present a numerical, catchment-scale model that solves flow equations of surface and subsurface flow in a three-dimensional domain. Surface flow is described by the two-dimensional parabolic approximation of the St. Venant equation, using Manning’s equation of motion; subsurface flow is described by the three-dimensional Richards’ equation for the unsaturated zone and by three-dimensional Darcy’s law for the saturated zone, using an integrated finite difference formulation. The hydrological component is a dynamic link library implemented within a comprehensive model which simulates surface energy, radiation budget, snow melt, potential evapotranspiration, plant development and plant water uptake. We tested the model by comparing distributed and integrated three-dimensional simulated and observed perched water depth (PWD), stream flow data, and soil water contents for a small catchment. Additional tests were performed for the snow melting algorithm as well as the different hydrological processes involved. The model successfully described the water balance and its components as evidenced by good agreement between measured and modelled data. 相似文献
13.
M. J. Manton 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1977,115(3):547-559
Summary The motion of an aerosol can be described by a general force balance equation, independent of the detailed structure of the flow, provided that the interaction between the external flow field and the local flow induced by the aerosol is weak. A necessary and sufficient condition for the interaction to be weak is that the length scale of the aerosol is much less than that of the external flow. High and low Reynolds number regimes can be distinguished for the motion of an aerosol relative to the external flow. In some extreme conditions the equation of motion reduces to an algebraic equation for the aerosol velocity.After submission of this article the author was made aware of a similar treatment published inTopics of Appl. Phys., 12 (Turbulence, Chapter 7), Springer Verlag, Berlin, which at the time of the article's submission had not yet appeared in Australia. (Ed.) 相似文献
14.
Helmholtz's equation with a variable wavenumber is solved for a point force through use of a first-order differential equation system approach. Since the system matrix in this formulation is non-constant, an eigensolution is no longer valid and recourse has to be made to approximate techniques such as series expansions and Picard iterations. These techniques can accommodate in principle any variation of the wavenumber with position and are applicable to scalar wave propagation in one, two and three dimensions, with the latter two cases requiring radial symmetry. As shown in the examples, good solution accuracy can be achieved in the near field region, irrespective of frequency, for the particular case examined, namely a wavenumber which increases (or decreases) as the square root of the radial distance from source to receiver. Finally, the resulting Green's functions can be used as kernels within the context of boundary element type solutions to study scalar wave scattering in inhomogeneous media. 相似文献
15.
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Stellar and galactic cosmic rays (SCR and GCR) are the primary factors influencing the radiation conditions near exoplanets. The GCR spectrum and its time variations are... 相似文献
16.
The parameter of cosmic ray fluctuations, which indicates the degree of IMF inhomogeneity, was introduced in order to quantitatively
describe the dynamics of the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity fluctuations during the geoeffective phases of the 11-year
cycle. The 5-min data of the high-latitude neutron monitor at Oulu station (Finland) during cycles 20–23 was used in the calculations.
The nonrandom non-Gaussian character of the GCR fluctuation parameter is caused by the nonstationary semiannual variation
reflecting the transient nonstationary oscillatory process of sign reversal of the general solar magnetic field. This transient
oscillatory process is responsible for the maximal geoeffectiveness and duration of the phase of polarity reversal, which
manifests itself in a sharp and deep GCR intensity minimum during the final stage of the field sign reversal. The invariant
of the 11-year “amplitude-duration” cycle was confirmed on a new basis: the LF drift of the “low” cycle period was detected,
which was observed in an increase in the duration of cycle 23 we anticipated. 相似文献
17.
A. V. Belov B. D. Shelting R. T. Gushchina V. N. Obridko A. F. Kharshiladze V. G. Yanke 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2001,63(18)
The paper deals with the relation of long-term variations of 10 GV galactic cosmic rays (GCR) to the global solar magnetic field and solar wind parameters. This study continues previous works, where the tilt of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) and other solar-heliospheric parameters are successfully used to describe long-term variations of cosmic rays in the past two solar cycles. The novelty of the present work is the use of the HCS tilt and other parameters reconstructed from Hα observations of filaments for the period when direct global solar magnetic field observations were unavailable. Thus, we could extend the GCR simulation interval back to 1953. The analysis of data for 1953–1999 revealed a good correlation (the correlation coefficient >0.88) between the solar-heliospheric parameters and GCR in different cycles of solar activity. Moreover, the approach applied makes it possible to describe the behavior of cosmic rays in the epochs of solar maxima, which could not be done before. This indicates both the adequacy of the model and the reliability of the reconstructed global solar magnetic field parameters. 相似文献
18.
Aleksey S. Telyakovskiy Gastão A. Braga Satoko Kurita Jeff Mortensen 《Advances in water resources》2010
For certain initial and boundary conditions the Boussinesq equation, a nonlinear partial differential equation describing the flow of water in unconfined aquifers, can be reduced to a boundary value problem for a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. Using Song et al.'s (2007) [7] approach, we show that for zero head initial condition and power-law flux boundary condition at the inlet boundary, the solution in the form of power series can be obtained with Barenblatt's (1990) [2] rescaling procedure applied to the power series solution obtained in Song et al. (2007) [7] for the power-law head boundary condition. Polynomial approximations can then be obtained by taking terms from the power series. Although for a small number of terms the newly obtained approximations may be worse than polynomial approximations obtained by other techniques, any desired accuracy can be achieved by taking more terms from the power series. 相似文献
19.
A finite volume upwind numerical scheme for the solution of the linear advection equation in multiple dimensions on Cartesian grids is presented. The small-stencil, Modified Discontinuous Profile Method (MDPM) uses a sub-cell piecewise constant reconstruction and additional information at the cell interfaces, rather than a spatial extension of the stencil as in usual methods. This paper presents the MDPM profile reconstruction method in one dimension and its generalization and algorithm to two- and three-dimensional problems. The method is extended to the advection–diffusion equation in multiple dimensions. The MDPM is tested against the MUSCL scheme on two- and three-dimensional test cases. It is shown to give high-quality results for sharp gradients problems, although some scattering appears. For smooth gradients, extreme values are best preserved with the MDPM than with the MUSCL scheme, while the MDPM does not maintain the smoothness of the original shape as well as the MUSCL scheme. However the MDPM is proved to be more efficient on coarse grids in terms of error and CPU time, while on fine grids the MUSCL scheme provides a better accuracy at a lower CPU. 相似文献
20.
H. L. Kuo 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1972,96(1):171-175
Summary It is shown that the general nonlinear potential vorticity equation for viscous and conductive fluid in a rotating system can be expressed in terms of the geostrophic stream function for the horizontal velocity alone, provided that the motions are hydrostatic and quasi-geostrophic and the Richardson number is much larger than unity. The form of this equation is identical with that obtained from an asymptotic expansion for a small Rossby number. 相似文献