共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
南美奥连特盆地东部斜坡带发育大量与正断层反转活动有关的断背斜构造,也是非常有利的油气聚集区。文章主要应用比例化物理模拟实验方法,以奥连特盆地东部斜坡带为模拟对象,来分析早期正断层的陡缓程度、倾向组合以及断层间距等因素对正断层复活反转过程中断背斜构造形成的影响。模拟结果表明,当早期正断层均向挤压端倾斜时,如果陡倾角正断层更靠近挤压端,则陡、缓正断层都易发生反转,并形成断背斜构造。但当缓倾角正断层更靠近挤压端时,则该断层会吸收绝大部分的挤压量,而相对远离挤压端的陡倾角正断层不易发生反转。当早期正断层倾向相对时,距离挤压端更近的陡倾角正断层会吸收一定的挤压量,从而发生反转并形成背斜构造。而相对远离挤压端的缓倾角正断层是否发生复活反转则主要受断层间距的影响,距离越小越有利于断层反转。上述认识对在奥连特盆地东部斜坡带寻找与早期正断层反转有关的断背斜圈闭具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
2.
构造反转对哈萨克斯坦A凹陷油气藏形成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结合纵贯A凹陷沉降中心卡拉套断层的发育历史,分析了构造反转对A凹陷圈闭形成和油气运移聚集的影响。分析结果表明:卡拉套断层早期左行走滑,晚期右行走滑,侏罗纪末期和白垩纪之后的走滑挤压作用使A凹陷内部形成大量以断层型为主的正反转构造,成为油气聚集的有利圈闭。同时构造反转改变了A凹陷中、下侏罗统烃源岩地层的埋深和倾向,控制了烃源岩的排烃方向和油气运移方向,造成凹陷中央相对凹陷边缘油气富集。 相似文献
3.
郯庐断裂带新近纪以来的挤压构造与合肥盆地的反转 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
郯庐断裂带于新近纪以来呈现强烈的逆冲活动,使得先存的伸展性断层产生了一系列逆冲反转构造.该逆冲活动使合肥盆地东部边缘地层被明显掀斜并产生断弯褶皱.与此同时,合肥盆地也相应遭受了挤压而反转,在合肥盆地内形成了一系列NW向左行平移断层和NNE向的宽缓褶皱构造.这些构造对油气二次运移和圈闭有利.在太平洋板块向西俯冲产生的弧后扩张使中国东部大陆受到挤压的区域动力学背景下,郯庐断裂的逆冲活动和合肥盆地反转构造在近EW向挤压应力下形成. 相似文献
4.
结合区域地震剖面解析和沙箱模拟实验,探讨分析了乍得Bongor盆地反转构造特征及其形成机制。结果表明：（1）
Bongor盆地中发育三种典型的反转构造类型：挤压反转单斜构造、挤压反转向斜构造和挤压反转背斜构造。该类反转构造
一部分具有反转断层相关褶皱样式,主要沿高角度边界断层和基底地垒边界断面发育,形成演化与断裂活动息息相关,另
一部分呈散花状背斜构造样式,属于地层纵弯上拱褶皱,主要发育于斜坡断阶带之间;（2） 区域剥蚀作用对盆地反转构造
演化具有重要的影响,其对盆地内深部地层反转褶皱发育具有促进作用,为深部构造圈闭形成提供条件,而对浅部地层的
反转褶皱发育则表现出阻碍或破坏作用,不利于浅层构造圈闭的形成。 相似文献
5.
根据地震剖面解释成果,对塔中—巴楚地区反转构造变形特征和发育期次进行了探讨和研究,并分析了反转构造的石油地质意义。基底正断层形成以后在加里东早期、加里东中期、海西晚期—燕山晚期发生了构造反转。受基底正断层的影响,研究区发育继承反转型、截断取直型和反向截断型3种类型的反转构造:当基底正断层倾角较小时,构造反转沿先存正断层发生,形成继承反转型反转构造;当基底正断层倾角较大不利于反转时,正断层为后期的逆冲断层提供应力集中点,形成截断取直型反转构造;基底正断层也可能被后期倾向相反的逆断层所错断,形成反向截断型反转构造。研究区内3期构造反转形成的圈闭与寒武系烃源岩生排烃期具有良好的时空配置关系,有利于油气聚集成藏。 相似文献
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7.
以地震、钻井资料为基础,结合构造地质横剖面特征,应用断层相关褶皱理论,探讨沙湾凹陷及其邻区石炭-二叠纪伸展断陷构造的几何学特征;在此基础上,通过计算地层生长指数、反转率,进一步揭示沙湾凹陷及其邻区石炭-二叠纪构造运动学特征及形成演化过程。研究认为：1） 沙湾凹陷及其邻区石炭-二叠纪共发育16 条断层,其中5 条正断层、6 条逆断层、5 条断层具备下正上逆特征;2） 沙湾凹陷及其邻区晚石炭世-早二叠世处于南北向挤压、东西向张裂的伸展断陷环境,早二叠世晚期风城组（P1f）沉积之后,该区域构造环境转变为北西-南东向挤压环境,部分先存正断层发生反转,形成一系列隐伏的隆起区;3） 通过计算地层生长指数和部分断层的反转率,认为研究区西北部地层生长指数和断层反转率普遍较高,研究区南部地层生长指数和断层反转率相对较低,即研究区西北部晚石炭世-早二叠世受伸展构造活动影响较为强烈,早二叠世末期受构造改造较为明显,研究区南部基本保持早期伸展断陷构造样式。 相似文献
8.
为了探讨塑性层在伸展型构造反转过程中对构造格局及断裂特征的影响规律,设计了两组具有不同岩石性质的伸展砂箱模型进行物理模拟.实验结果表明:在相同的伸展应力作用下,相对纯石英砂岩区,塑性地层的存在导致断层发育的时间更早,并且断层的断距及延伸长度更大;塑性地层的存在也可以影响断裂的发育格局,更容易形成滑脱型断层.在伸展型构造反转过程中,塑性地层主要起2个方面的作用:（1）塑性层上部形成断层的规模相对较大,而脆性地层上部趋向于形成多条断层,规模相对小;（2）塑性层上部与边界拆离断层倾向相反的断层数量和规模明显大于倾向相同的断层,揭示了塑性层对与边界拆离断层相同倾向断层的抑制作用.将模拟结果与北部湾盆地乌石凹陷东洼的类似构造进行对比,表明塑性地层的存在对伸展型反转构造断裂发育具有很大的影响,这将对该地区构造的深入认识及下一步油气勘探提供新的依据. 相似文献
9.
东海盆地西湖凹陷反转构造特征及其形成的动力环境 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对地震剖面观察和沉积构造分析,根据反转褶皱隆起及其伴生的断层发育程度,将东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷的反转构造划分为宽缓隆褶、陡窄隆褶、宽缓隆断褶和陡窄隆断褶4种类型。西湖凹陷的构造反转强度及特征具有东西分带、南北分区的特点。在东西排列的三带中,中央突起带反转最强,东部断阶带次之,西部斜坡带反转最弱。在南北分布的三区里,北区发育较强陡窄隆褶,中区总体反转强、局部反转弱,南区总体反转弱、局部反转强。西湖凹陷的反转构造以褶皱为主,并不同程度地伴生断裂。据此,选取反转逆断距、反转褶皱波幅和缩短率3个参数,对中央突起带反转构造的分布规律进行定量研究。研究和统计结果表明,中央突起带的北部反转强烈,中部构造反转最强和较弱地区相邻并存,南部总体反转较弱、局部较强。反转构造主要由中新世中晚期龙井运动形成,反转逆断层由先存断层逆向再活动发展而来,逆断距一般自下向上逐渐减小;而反转褶皱主要发生在上部沉积层,其发育程度自下而上逐渐增强。西湖凹陷构造反转的形成,主要是中新世菲律宾板块向亚洲板块俯冲,导致冲绳海槽弧后扩张,进而产生向西推挤的作用所致。 相似文献
10.
奥连特盆地是一个位于南美安第斯山前的弧后前陆盆地,盆地东部斜坡带发育大量低幅度构造,并与油气有密切关系。为明确奥连特盆地东部斜坡带低幅度构造的形成过程及其主控因素,深入分析了低幅度构造的发育特征,针对性地开展了构造物理模拟实验研究。结果表明,奥连特盆地东部斜坡带低幅度构造主要与逆断层、反转断层和走滑断层相伴生,一般位于断层上盘,控制其发育的动力学机制主要是断层的正反转作用和走滑作用,而且先存正断层向深部变缓,有利于断层后期的反转以及低幅度构造的发育。 相似文献
11.
AbstractPositive structural inversion involves the uplift of rocks on the hanging-walls of faults, by dip slip or oblique slip movements. Controlling factors include the strike and dip of the earlier normal faults, the type of normal faults — whether they were listric or rotated blocks, the time lapsed since extension and the amount of contraction relative to extension. Steeply dipping faults are difficult to invert by dip slip movements; they form buttresses to displacement on both cover detachments and on deeper level but gently inclined basement faults. The decrease in displacement on the hanging-walls of such steep buttresses leads to the generation of layer parallel shortening, gentle to tight folds — depending on the amount of contractional displacement, back-folds and back-thrust systems, and short-cut thrust geometries — where the contractional fault slices across the footwall of the earlier normal fault to enclose a “floating horse”. However, early steeply dipping normal faults readily form oblique to strike slip inversion structures and often tramline the subsequent shortening into particular directions.Examples are given from the strongly inverted structures of the western Alps and the weakly inverted structures of the Alpine foreland. Extensional faulting developed during the Triassic to Jurassic, during the initial opening of the central Atlantic, while the main phases of inversion date from the end Cretaceous when spreading began in the north Atlantic and there was a change of relative motion between Europe and Africa. During the mid-Tertiary well over 100 km of Alpine shortening took place; Alpine thrusts, often detached along, or close to, the basement-cover interface, stacking the late Jurassic to Cretaceous sediments of the post-extensional subsidence phase. These high level detachments were joined and breached by lower level faults in the basement which, in the external zones of the western Alps, generally reactivated and rotated the earlier east dipping half-graben bounding faults. The external massifs are essentially uplifted half-graben blocks. There was more reactivation and stacking of basement sheets in the eastern part of this external zone, where the faults had been rotated into more gentle dips above a shallower extensional detachment than on the steeper faults to the west.There is no direct relationship between the weaker inversion of the Alpine foreland and the major orogenic contraction of the western Alps; the inversion structures of southern Britain and the Channel were separated from the Alps by a zone of rifting from late Eocene to Miocene which affected the Rhone, Bresse and Rhine regions. Though they relate to the same plate movements which formed the Alps, the weaker inversion structures must have been generated by within plate stresses, or from those emanating from the Atlantic rather than the Tethyan margin. 相似文献
12.
The NW-dipping Fiery Creek Fault System, located in the northern Mount Isa terrane, comprises numerous sub-parallel faults that record multiple episodes of Palaeo- to Mesoproterozoic movement. Hanging wall wedge-shaped stratal geometries and marked stratal thickness variation across the fault system indicate that the earliest movement occurred during episodic intracontinental extension (Mount Isa Rift Event; ca. 1710–1655 Ma). Reactivation of the fault system during regional shortening and basin inversion associated with the Mesoproterozoic Isan Orogeny (ca. 1590–1500 Ma) resulted in complex three-dimensional hanging wall geometries and highly variable strain in the hanging wall strata along the fault system. This has resulted in the development of discrete hanging wall deformation compartments, that are characterised by different structural styles. High strain compartments are characterised by relatively intense folding and the development of break-back thrusts, whereas low strain compartments are only weakly folded. Variations in hanging wall strain are attributed to selective reactivation of normal fault segments, controlled by the pre-inversion fault dip and lithological contrasts across the faults. Variation of the pre-inversion fault dip is interpreted to have been caused by episodic tilt-block rotation during crustal extension. Moderately dipping faults active early in the Mount Isa Rift Event show the greatest degree of reactivation, whereas younger and steeper normal faults have behaved as buttresses during inversion with strain focussed in zones of upright folding in the hanging wall. 相似文献
13.
施力方式对半地堑反转构造变形特征影响的物理模拟实验研究 总被引：13，自引：5，他引：8
根据断层的上下盘施力方式的不同设计了两组实验,以探讨在刚性边界条件下的半地堑反转构造的变形特点。实验结果表明(1)在自由边界基底驱动下形成的盆地反转规模较大,刚性边界处会沿原断层发生反转,而在自由端断层不会反转,但会形成深部低角度逆冲滑脱断层;(2)在刚性下盘侧向驱动下很小的挤压量就会形成盆地的反转,但是反转的范围较小,随着原设边界断层的角度由小到大,盆地内的断层会发生由刚性边界处单侧发生反转到两侧边界断层发生近对称式反转的变化;(3)实验结果证实了辽河坳陷西部凹陷反转构造是在刚性下盘为主动盘挤压变形下形成的。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地北部隆起牙哈断裂带负反转过程与油气聚集 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
采用地层厚度分析、“零点”分析、位移 /距离曲线分析和断层生长指数分析等方法,讨论了牙哈负反转断裂带的几何学和运动学特征、主反转期及控油作用,结果表明牙哈主断裂主反转期为早白垩世,负反转活动结束于中新世康村期-上新世库车期。牙 1号断裂主反转期为中新世苏维依期,牙 2号断裂主反转期为晚白垩世-老第三纪,二者都于中新世康村期结束反转活动。牙哈断裂带油气聚集和分布与断裂的负反转活动有关。 相似文献
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Several models of basin inversion described in the literature are tested in a study of Triassic and Early Jurassic strata exposed along the southern margin of the Bristol Channel Basin in Somerset, England that has been exhumed by <3 km. Two key features of the superbly exposed normal faults are that they formed at several times during basin evolution—not during Triassic to Early Jurassic growth, but during Late Jurassic rifting, and during and after inversion; and that >95% of them are still in net extension, despite widespread kinematic evidence for reverse reactivation. When coupled with the general absence of thin-skinned thrusts and the widespread occurrence of regional contractional folds, it appears that none of three main inversion models—the fault-reactivation model, the thin-skinned model and the buttress model—are by themselves applicable. We erect a new model of basin inversion, the distributed deformation model, which consists of three stages of basin inversion. Stage one involved early partial reactivation of large-displacement steep normal faults. Stage two was dominated by folding, wherein fault blocks underwent oblique (non-coaxial) shortening by map scale folding, accompanied by formation of outer arc normal faults, minor cleavage and neoformed thrusts. Stage three involved reverse reactivation of outer arc normal faults and activation of oblique and strike-slip faults that partitioned deformation into compartments. 相似文献
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利用地震资料、油气勘探资料分析了南海北部大陆边缘珠江口-琼东南新生代盆地断裂系统的时空差异及动力学成因机制.珠江口-琼东南盆地古近系裂陷构造层以NE向、近EW向基底正断层构成的伸展断裂系统的几何学、运动学沿着盆地走向有明显变化,盆地内部隐伏的区域性和局部的NW向断裂及相关构造变形带构成伸展断裂系统之间的构造变换带.在空间上,区域性的云开、松涛-松南等NW向构造变换带以西为NE-NEE向正断层构成的"非拆离"伸展断层系,以东为NE向正断层、近EW向正断层(走滑正断层)复合而成的拆离伸展断层系.在时间上,古近纪裂陷作用可划分为早(文昌组沉积期)、中(恩平组/崖城组沉积期)、晚(珠海组/陵水组沉积期)3个有明显差异的裂陷期.裂陷早期,盆地西部以平面式正断层控制的简单地堑、半地堑为主,伸展量相对较小,东部则以铲式正断层控制的复式地堑、半地堑为主,伸展量相对大,断层向深部收敛在中地壳韧性层构成拆离的伸展断层系统.裂陷中期,琼东南盆地、珠江口盆地西部断裂具有继承性活动特点,珠江口盆地东部发育NWW-EW向伸展断层,并向深层切割早期浅层拆离断层,形成深层拆离伸展断层系统,而沿着云开构造变换带发育反转构造.裂陷晚期,琼东南盆地、珠江口盆地西部断裂具有活动性减弱特点,琼东南盆地东部发育NWW-EW向伸展断层,形成深层拆离伸展断层系统,而沿着琼中央构造变换带发育反转、走滑构造.珠江口-琼东南盆地不同区段断裂系统及其构造演化的差异性受盆地基底先存构造、地壳及岩石圈结构及伸展量等多方面因素的影响,拆离伸展断层系统与发育NWW向"贯穿"断裂的基底构造薄弱带、现今地壳局部减薄带相关,南海扩展由东而西的迁移诱导北部大陆边缘块体沿着先存NW向深大断裂发生走滑旋转是导致变换构造带两侧差异伸展的动力学原因,应力场及岩石圈热结构变化是引起拆离断层深度变化的重要因素. 相似文献
17.
青东凹陷东边界为郯庐断裂带在渤海海域内西支断裂所在,平面上由4条北北东向断裂呈左阶雁列式排列,剖面上以上盘下降为主,局部具有张扭性和压扭性花状构造现象。青东凹陷东界上的郯庐断裂新生代经历了古近纪右行平移正断层活动、古近纪末盆地挤压反转中的逆右行平移、新近纪的弱拉张活动和第四纪以来的逆右行平移4个演化阶段。古近纪断陷期,先存的郯庐断裂带由于具有较低的强度,在南北向伸展应力场作用下复活并表现为具有右行平移分量的斜向拉张活动,在浅部新生4条左阶雁列式断层,并与盆地内北西向基底断裂系统和东西向新生正断层共同控制了古近系的沉积格局。古近纪末发生了盆地反转,结束了断陷盆地发育阶段,在北东东-南西西向区域挤压应力作用下郯庐断裂表现为逆右行平移活动。新近纪坳陷阶段,盆地内构造活动较弱,主要受控于岩石圈热沉降作用,但郯庐断裂仍具有较弱的伸展活动。第四纪以来,郯庐断裂再次转变为逆右行平移活动。 相似文献
18.
Seismic sections across the NW part of the Polish Basin show that thrust faults developed in the sedimentary units above the Zechstein evaporite layer during basin inversion. These cover thrust faults have formed above the basement footwall. Based on the evolution of the basin, a series of scaled analogue models was carried out to study interaction between a basement fault and cover sediments during basin extension and inversion. During model extension, a set of normal faults originated in the sand cover above the basement fault area. The distribution and geometry of these faults were dependent on the thickness of a ductile layer and pre-extension sand layer, synkinematic deposition, the amount of model extension, as well as on the presence of a ductile layer between the cover and basement. Footwall cover was faulted away from the basement only in cases where a large amount of model extension and hanging-wall subsidence were not balanced by synkinematic deposition. Model inversion reactivated major cover faults located above the basement fault tip as reverse faults, whereas other extensional faults were either rotated or activated only in their upper segments, evolving into sub-horizontal thrusts. New normal or reverse faults originated in the footwall cover in models which contained a very thin pre-extension sand layer above the ductile layer. This was also the case in the highly extended and shortened model in which synkinematic hanging-wall subsidence was not balanced by sand deposition during model extension. Model results show that inversion along the basement fault results in shortening of the cover units and formation of thrust faults. This scenario happens only when the cover units are decoupled from the basement by a ductile layer. Given this, we argue that the thrusts in the sedimentary infill of the Polish Basin, which are decoupled from the basement tectonics by Zechstein evaporites, developed due to the inversion of the basement faults during the Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary. 相似文献
19.
基于位场信息的伊舒地堑莫里青断陷西北缘断裂性质 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
伊舒地堑边缘断裂不仅控制了盆地的空间形态,而且在很大程度上控制了盆地的结构、构造发育特征和盖层沉积。本文利用1∶5万重、磁资料研究了地堑内莫里青断陷西北缘断裂性质,得出了区内NE—SW向断裂为边界主断裂,呈现出张性特征,属高角度正断层,近EW向断裂,呈现出压性特征,属高角度逆断层的结论。 相似文献