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滑坡危险度评价的地形判别法 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
选取影响滑坡发育的坡度、坡形、坡向、坡体的相对高度和地形与地层产状的组合关系5个主要地形因素，结合三峡库区重点滑坡段(云阳-巫山)205个滑坡统计资料，利用地形判别法，对典型滑坡危险度进行评价。将各地形判别因子在区域滑坡发育上的贡献率作为评价典型滑坡危险度的评价值，利用层次分析法，建立典型滑坡危险度判别矩阵。将判别矩阵的归一化特征向量作为判别因子的权重，得到典型滑坡的危险度。通过建立典型滑坡危险度评价表，对滑坡进行有效的管理。此研究方法有效地避免了对评价因子赋值的主观性，并提出了对不同危险度等级的滑坡管理措施。 相似文献
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贵州关岭"6.28"特大滑坡特征和成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
贵州关岭2010-06-28特大滑坡(简称"6.28"特大滑坡)造成99人死亡,其形成受到当地气候条件、地质条件和地貌等因素影响,发生机制和滑动具有一定的独特性.通过对滑坡的形成条件、发育特点和成因分析,揭示了此次滑坡的形成特征.研究表明:降雨是此次滑坡的诱发因素;滑坡具有分块滑动的特点,即坡积层和基岩先后发生滑坡;滑坡堆积体具有明显的"二元结构"特征,即滑坡堆积体前缘以及中下部为碎石土堆积,而上部为碎块石堆积,与一般滑坡堆积不同,是坡积层与基岩先后发生分块滑动的典型证据.研究成果对认识和研究此类滑坡具有重要的科学意义,也可为今后指导防灾和减灾提供参考. 相似文献
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2010-07-27凌晨,四川省汉源县万工集镇后山因持续暴雨而突发高位高速远程滑坡-碎屑流,最大滑程约1.4 km,启动时滑坡体约48×104m3,沿线裹挟和铲刮沟谷及其两侧边坡松散体,到达坡脚部位滑坡碎屑流体积增大至100×104m3,最终导致沿沟的双合村一组5户20名村民失踪及下游万工集镇部分房屋被掩埋而倾倒破坏。滑坡启动区发育于万工集镇后侧二蛮山大沟内,沟左侧为二叠系灰岩(P1y),顺坡倾向沟内;右侧为强风化的二叠系峨眉山玄武岩(P2β),节理极发育;沟内早期堆积物丰富,特别是沟上游还存在一大型古滑坡体;这些不稳定物源在有利地形条件及降雨诱发下极易形成滑坡。原始沟谷上游高位陡峭地形导致山体具备高位潜在势能,具备形成高位高速远程滑坡-碎屑流的地形条件。2010-07-24—26的降雨是触发此起特大灾害的主要原因,累计降雨量达163 mm,在水的作用下启程剧动并高速下滑。采用将今论古的地质方法,从地质构造、地层序列、岩体坡体结构及坡体变形等角度研究了二蛮山滑坡孕育的地质演化史,再现了滑坡区域历史时期中重要的地质活动过程。 相似文献
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鬼招手滑坡位于“5·12”汶川地震极重灾区彭州市内,是地震4a后暴雨诱发的高速滑坡.剖析了主滑体和堆积区Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的特征;分析了影响该边坡稳定性并诱发滑坡的6大因素,包括地层岩性、河流及泥石流冲刷掏蚀坡脚、暴雨及雨水下渗、断裂及“5.12”汶川地震、地貌、人类工程活动,其中持续暴雨是滑坡主要诱发因素;计算了主滑体抛射初速度为40.41 m/s,运动距离为137m,定义了主滑体的破坏模式为滑移-抛射模式;总结了滑坡的破坏过程,分为坡体累积破坏、坡体启动、坡体运动、坡体堆积稳定4个阶段;对比分析了暴雨和地震诱发的高速滑坡的不同之处,对于地震灾区的防灾减灾工作具有一定参考价值. 相似文献
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就滑坡组成和发生机制,与<贵州关岭"6.28"特大滑坡特征和成因机理>一文作者进行商榷.笔者认为"超压密岩土边坡失稳理论"可以较好的解释大寨滑坡-碎屑流灾害的突然发生."上硬下软"坡体结构,是大寨滑坡发生的地质基础;强降雨快速入渗,是导致岩层裂隙和大气突然贯通,负压立即消失,高陡坡体迅即失稳的诱因. 相似文献
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《山地学报》2017,(3)
基于野外勘察与室内试验,拟以舟曲泄流坡滑坡为研究对象。采用传递系数法对滑坡稳定性进行分析,利用Monte Carlo法得到滑坡不同工况下的失稳概率,且引入条件概率分析不同诱因下滑坡失稳的年概率;易损性以承灾体野外调查和统计分析为基础,运用赋值法估算泄流坡滑坡潜在的财产损失和人口伤亡风险值;因此建立单体滑坡风险评价模型,探讨单体滑坡风险评价技术方法。研究结果表明,泄流坡滑坡在地震加暴雨条件下具有中危险性;在≥50 mm暴雨条件或者地震条件下具有高危险性,财产最大风险为34.75万元/年,人口最大风险为0.03人/年,人口风险超过了国际上暂定的社会容许标准,应采取监测观察、工程治理等相关手段进行风险管理。 相似文献
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在对金沙江流域内的部分大型水电站工程区内的滑坡分析基础上,以两个滑坡为例,针对水电站工程区讨论了单体滑坡的风险评价方法。选取滑坡稳定性,规模和可能造成的涌浪高度3个指标进行危险性评价;并且定性地将大坝的易损性确定为高、中、低三个等级。在此基础上,对研究区的牛滚函滑坡和东岳庙滑坡进行了危险性分析和易损性评价,得出这两个单体滑坡的风险分析结果：牛滚函滑坡为低度风险,东岳庙滑坡为中度风险。研究成果为水电站工程区滑坡减灾防灾与风险管理提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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友谊桥滑坡位于中尼公路樟木口岸至国界友谊桥之间,中尼公路(中国境内)最末尾一段。友谊桥滑坡每年雨季时常造成断道,严重地威胁公路的运营和口岸通道的开发。根据地貌形态、坡体结构以及坡体稳定性等因素综合分析,友谊桥滑坡为一处巨型的古滑坡。首次古滑坡活动后,在该区域又多次发生次级的滑动,友谊桥现代滑坡病害发育在古滑坡的背景中,具有多期、多层、多条、多块、多级的特点。 相似文献
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Comparing landslide inventory maps 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
Mirco Galli Francesca Ardizzone Mauro Cardinali Fausto Guzzetti Paola Reichenbach 《Geomorphology》2008,94(3-4):268
Landslide inventory maps are effective and easily understandable products for both experts, such as geomorphologists, and for non experts, including decision-makers, planners, and civil defense managers. Landslide inventories are essential to understand the evolution of landscapes, and to ascertain landslide susceptibility and hazard. Despite landslide maps being compiled every year in the word at different scales, limited efforts are made to critically compare landslide maps prepared using different techniques or by different investigators. Based on the experience gained in 20 years of landslide mapping in Italy, and on the limited literature on landslide inventory assessment, we propose a general framework for the quantitative comparison of landslide inventory maps. To test the proposed framework we exploit three inventory maps. The first map is a reconnaissance landslide inventory prepared for the Umbria region, in central Italy. The second map is a detailed geomorphological landslide map, also prepared for the Umbria region. The third map is a multi-temporal landslide inventory compiled for the Collazzone area, in central Umbria. Results of the experiment allow for establishing how well the individual inventories describe the location, type and abundance of landslides, to what extent the landslide maps can be used to determine the frequency-area statistics of the slope failures, and the significance of the inventory maps as predictors of landslide susceptibility. We further use the results obtained in the Collazzone area to estimate the quality and completeness of the two regional landslide inventory maps, and to outline general advantages and limitations of the techniques used to complete the inventories. 相似文献
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Probabilistic landslide hazard assessment at the basin scale 总被引：32，自引：9，他引：32
Fausto Guzzetti Paola Reichenbach Mauro Cardinali Mirco Galli Francesca Ardizzone 《Geomorphology》2005,72(1-4):272-299
We propose a probabilistic model to determine landslide hazard at the basin scale. The model predicts where landslides will occur, how frequently they will occur, and how large they will be. We test the model in the Staffora River basin, in the northern Apennines, Italy. For the study area, we prepare a multi-temporal inventory map through the interpretation of multiple sets of aerial photographs taken between 1955 and 1999. We partition the basin into 2243 geo-morpho-hydrological units, and obtain the probability of spatial occurrence of landslides by discriminant analysis of thematic variables, including morphological, lithological, structural and land use. For each mapping unit, we obtain the landslide recurrence by dividing the total number of landslide events inventoried in the unit by the time span of the investigated period. Assuming that landslide recurrence will remain the same in the future, and adopting a Poisson probability model, we determine the exceedance probability of having one or more landslides in each mapping unit, for different periods. We obtain the probability of landslide size by analysing the frequency–area statistics of landslides, obtained from the multi-temporal inventory map. Assuming independence, we obtain a quantitative estimate of landslide hazard for each mapping unit as the joint probability of landslide size, of landslide temporal occurrence and of landslide spatial occurrence. 相似文献
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This study attempts to reconstruct the history of the Collinabos landslide, a landslide with a fresh morphology that is representative for more than 150 dormant, deep-seated (> 3 m) landslides in the Flemish Ardennes (Belgium). A geomorphological map was created based on LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)-derived maps and detailed field surveys. The map showed that the landslide consisted of three zones with significant differences in surface topography. The northern landslide zone 1 is characterised by at least five reverse slopes, whereas zones 2 and 3, the southern landslide zones, have only two reverse slopes and a convex foot. Electric resistivity profiles measured in zones 1 and 2 revealed that the differences in surface topography were not related to differences in internal structure as both parts of the landslide were initiated as a rotational earth slide with a surface of rupture at 15 m deep, where the displaced material broke apart in two blocks. However, two shear surfaces of reactivations within landslide debris were only distinguished in the accumulation area of zone 1. The observed differences in surface morphology can be caused by a temporary conversion of a forest into cropland in zone 2. It is suggested that reverse slopes of smaller reactivations within landslide debris were obliterated during the agricultural activities. AMS radiocarbon dating of organic material found in ponds located in reverse slopes generally resulted in relatively recent dates (i.e. 1400–1950 Cal AD) suggesting that several of the small local reactivations occurred in that period. One dating at 8700–8440 Cal BP of organic matter collected in a reverse slope in zone 1 suggests that an initiation under periglacial conditions cannot be excluded for the Collinabos landslide. By combining different technologies, this study provides valuable information for a better understanding of dormant landslides. 相似文献
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L. Claessens D.J. Lowe B.W. Hayward B.F. Schaap J.M. Schoorl A. Veldkamp 《Geomorphology》2006,74(1-4):29-49
A sediment record is used, in combination with shallow landslide soil redistribution and sediment-yield modelling, to reconstruct the incidence of high-magnitude/low-frequency landslide events in the upper part of a catchment and the history of a wetland in the lower part. Eleven sediment cores were obtained from a dune-impounded wetland at Te Henga, west Auckland, northern New Zealand. Sediment stratigraphy and chronology were interpreted by radiocarbon dating, foraminiferal analysis, and provisional tephrochronology. Gradual impoundment of the wetland began c. 6000 cal yr BP, coinciding with the start of a gentle sea-level fall, but complete damming and initial sedimentation did not begin until c. 1000 cal yr BP. After damming, four well-defined sediment pulses occurred and these are preserved in the form of distinct clay layers in most of the sediment cores. For interpreting the sediment pulses, a physically based landslide model was used to determine spatially distributed relative landslide hazard, applicable at the catchment scale. An empirical landslide-soil redistribution component was added and proved able to determine the volumes and spatial pattern of eroded and deposited soil material, sediment delivery ratio and the impact on total catchment sediment yield. Sediment volumes were calculated from the wetland cores and corresponding landslide scenarios are defined through back-analysis of modelled sediment yield output. In general, at least four major high-magnitude landslide events, both natural and intensified by forest clearance activities, occurred in the catchment upstream of Te Henga Wetland during the last c. 1000 years. The spatial distribution of modelled critical rainfall values for the catchment can be interpreted as an expression of shallow landslide hazard. The magnitude of the sediment pulses represented in the wetland can be back-calculated to critical rainfall thresholds representing a shallow landslide model scenario. 相似文献
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The use of surface monitoring data for the interpretation of landslide movement patterns 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
The Tessina landslide is a large, seasonally active slope failure located on the southern slopes of Mt. Teverone, in the Alpago valley of NE Italy, consisting of a complex system that has developed in Tertiary Flysch deposits. The landslide, which first became active in 1960, threatens two villages and is hence subject to detailed monitoring, with high quality data being collected using piezometers, inclinometers, extensometers, and through the use of a highly innovative, automated Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) system, which surveys the location of a large number of reflector targets once every 6 h. These systems form the basis of a warning system that protects the villages, but they also provide a very valuable insight into the patterns of movement of the landslide.In this paper, analysis is presented of the movement of the landslide, concentrating on the EDM dataset, which provides a remarkable record of surface displacement patterns. It is proposed that four distinct movement patterns can be established, which correspond closely to independently defined morphological assessments of the landslide complex. Any given block of material transitions through the four phases of movement as it progresses down the landslide, with the style of movement being controlled primarily by the groundwater conditions. The analysis is augmented with modelling of the landslide, undertaken using the Itasca FLAC code. The modelling suggests that different landslide patterns are observed for different parts of the landslide, primarily as a result of variations in the groundwater conditions. The model suggests that when a movement event occurs, displacements occur initially at the toe of the landslide, then retrogress upslope. 相似文献