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1.
顾乡屯动物群是由１９３１年尹赞勋先生在哈尔滨顾乡屯发现１９种哺乳动物化石而得名，其后在东北、内蒙古一带多处发现，由于以被毛犀、猛犸象化石最为常见，一般也称为“披毛犀－猛犸象动物群”。到目前为止该动物群至少有６４种化石，分属１８科３７属。顾乡屯组代表东北地区晚更新世河－湖相沉积，与华北萨拉乌苏组有很好的对比性，属同期异地同相沉积。顾乡屯动物群化石层位仅限于顾乡屯组地表出露部分，年龄测定结果不超过６００００─７００００ａＢ．Ｐ．，表明顾乡屯动物群相当于萨拉乌苏上部动物群，时代为晚更新世晚期。顾乡屯动物群与顾乡屯组在时代上的不一致性，是东北地区第四纪研究中应引起重视的问题。对大同第四纪火山群及我国近期火山的分布，自３０年代由尹赞勋先生做了开创和倡导性研究以来，在岩石学、地球化学、树造环境和深部岩浆源及年代学等方面的研究都已取得长足的进展。 相似文献
2.
顾乡屯组下界(限)及其测年 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
<正> 哈尔滨西郊顾乡屯因出土第四纪哺乳动物化石和人类遗迹,一直引起中外学者的关注。其化石群称之猛犸象-披毛犀动物群(Mammuthus-Coelodonta Fauna),代表晚更新世一个生物地理区,被广为引用;出土化石的地层——顾乡屯组,在东北第四系划分中占重要地位。近年在人类考古学研究中,把太平洋彼岸的美洲印第安人及其文化与我国中原文化相联系,将顾乡屯做为中原文化向我国北方→西伯利亚→阿拉斯加 相似文献
3.
顾乡屯动物群是由１９３１年尹赞勋先生在哈尔滨顾乡屯发现１９种哺乳动物化石而得名，其后在东北、内蒙古一带多处发现，由于以被毛犀、猛犸象化石最为常见，一般也称为“披毛犀－猛犸象动物群”。到目前为止该动物群至少有６４种化石，分属１８科３７属。顾乡屯组代表东北地区晚更新世河－湖相沉积，与华北萨拉乌苏组有很好的对比性，属同期异地同相沉积。顾乡屯动物群化石层位仅限于顾乡屯组地表出露部分，年龄测定结果不超过６００００─７００００ａＢ．Ｐ．，表明顾乡屯动物群相当于萨拉乌苏上部动物群，时代为晚更新世晚期。顾乡屯动物群与顾乡屯组在时代上的不一致性，是东北地区第四纪研究中应引起重视的问题。对大同第四纪火山群及我国近期火山的分布，自３０年代由尹赞勋先生做了开创和倡导性研究以来，在岩石学、地球化学、树造环境和深部岩浆源及年代学等方面的研究都已取得长足的进展。 相似文献
4.
本文通过野外剖面观测、钻孔剖面研究和热释光、电子自旋共振测年,讨论了长春地区第四纪沉积物的堆积序列、岩性特征和形成时代。长春地区自中更新世早期开始接受第四纪沉积。中更新统下部荒山组下段岩性主要为粉砂质黏土,普遍含有铁锰结核;中更新统下部荒山组上段岩性主要为粗砂、黏土夹含砾粗砂和细砂。荒山组底界年龄约为(81.5±8.1)×104 a,顶界年龄约为15.0×104 a。中更新统上部东风组为泛滥平原沉积经后期黄土化作用形成的土状堆积,含有铁锰结核,其底界年龄约为13.877×104 a,顶界年龄约为12.955×104 a。上更新统下部的哈尔滨组岩性主要为粉砂质黏土,上部含有锈黄色泥管,其底界年龄15.0×104 a,顶界年龄约7.0×104 a。上更新统上部的顾乡屯组下段岩性主要为含砾粗砂、含砾砂层夹粘土和粉砂,含有锈黄色泥管;上更新统上部的顾乡屯组上段岩性主要为粉砂、粉砂质粘土和粘土,局部含有锈黄色泥管。顾乡屯组底界年龄约为6.224×104 a,顶界年龄约为1.10×104 a。顾乡屯组相当于末次冰期的河流沉积物。全新统温泉河组岩性主要为灰黑色黑土,厚度各地不一。 相似文献
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6.
本文对“地质遗迹”的概念、范畴、属性及其在科研、经济和旅游等方面的价值进行论述，并提出了保护措施。黑龙江省有价值的地质遗迹较多，主要有多层、古生物、火山地貌和构造等，其中哈尔滨第四系剖面（荒山和顾乡屯）及其所含披毛犀－猛犸象动物群，五大连池、镜泊湖火山地貌遗迹，中外驰名。地质遗迹是大自然留给人类的宝贵财富，是不可再生的。而有的地质遗迹已遭到破坏，因此，呼吁社会级予重视，建议制定相应的法规加以保护。 相似文献
7.
工程场地中透镜体对地震动具有明显的影响,且饱和场地与相应干土场地的地震响应具有明显的差别,而目前对于深厚饱和软土场地中透镜体对地震响应的影响还鲜有研究。采用有限元-间接边界元耦合法,建立饱和场地中非线性土-结构动力相互作用模型,对深厚饱和软土场地中透镜体的宽度、厚度和埋深对上部结构动力响应的影响进行了系统地分析,并着重讨论了土骨架-孔隙水耦合作用的影响。研究表明,深厚饱和软土场地中的透镜体可能会明显改变上部结构的动力响应;透镜体的宽度、厚度和埋深对上部结构动力响应有不同程度的影响,且与干土场地中规律存在明显差异;土骨架-孔隙水耦合作用对上部结构动力响应的影响显著。 相似文献
8.
吉林石炭纪的生物群特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
<正> 吉林省石炭系根据岩性、岩相、沉积类型和生物群性质,以挥发河—古洞河深断裂为界,分为北、南二区。 (一)吉林北区 吉林北区石炭系属天山—兴安地槽型沉积。分布于双阳、永吉、磐石、辉南、怀德、安图、延吉等地。吉中石炭系发育较全,下、上石炭统均有出露,向东上石炭统上部发育良好,向西出露零星。岩性以海相碎屑岩及碳酸盐沉积为主,夹火山岩及火山碎屑岩。含丰 相似文献
9.
张哨楠 《沉积与特提斯地质》2020,40(3):72-86
玉北地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩经历了加里东期和海西期构造作用的改造,东部断褶带和西部斜坡区断层发育,中部平台区断层不发育,导致勘探目的层鹰山组上部与鹰山组下部和蓬莱坝组储层发育特征的不同。鹰山组上部的储层主要受控于加里东期构造活动所造成的地层抬升暴露剥蚀,形成了以大气淡水溶蚀为主的储集空间类型;而鹰山组下部和蓬莱坝组储层则主要受到埋藏白云石化作用、硅化作用以及伴随着断层的形成而发育的裂缝和热液的改造作用的控制。氧碳同位素和87Sr/86Sr比值的分布特征也进一步证明了两种不同储层类型的主控因素。鹰山组上部洞穴中方解石的氧碳同位素值（δ18OVPDB：-12～-4‰VPDB,δ13C：-3～1‰VPDB）比海水沉淀的方解石（δ18OVPDB：-9.5～-7.5‰VPDB,δ13C：-1.5～0.5‰VPDB）在数值上明显偏负,说明洞穴中充填的方解石属于淡水成因。在鹰山组下部和蓬莱坝组白云岩储层中发育的鞍形白云石具有较低的氧同位素值（δ18OVPDB：-10.7～-5.9‰VPDB）和高于海水的87Sr/86Sr值（均大于0.7094）,因而被解释为热液成因,进一步说明这些地层中的溶蚀孔洞可能与热液改造有关。 相似文献
10.
湖南千里山花岗岩体的Nd-Sr同位素及岩石成因研究 总被引：24，自引：5，他引：24
本文利用Rb-Sr等时线方法测得第一阶段似斑状黑云母花岗岩、第二阶段等粒黑云母花岗岩和第三阶段花岗斑岩的成岩年龄分别为（152士9）×l06 a、（137士7）×l06 a ~（136士6）×106 a和（131士1）×l06 a。Sr-Nd同位素资料表明各阶段花岗质岩石均基本上源于地壳物质的重熔。与钨多金属矿化有关的似斑状黑云母花岗岩和等粒黑云母花岗岩属同一岩浆体系分异演化的产物，其钕模式年龄(tDM= 2307×l06 a)反映出成岩物质来自早元古宙地层的重熔。与铅，锌一银矿化有关的花岗斑岩的钕模式年龄(tDM= 1284×l06 ~ 1578×l06 a)示意出其成岩物质来自中元古宙地层的重熔。 相似文献
11.
长白山古冰川、冰缘地貌的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
白头山是中国东部发育末次冰期冰川的代表性地点之一。它发育在70000aB.P.形成的火山锥体上。遗留有古冰斗、冰川槽谷、终碛垄等遗迹,地形雪线高度为海拔2200m,属火山口(锥)冰川,时代为晚更新世晚期。该区是中国东北两大现代冰缘区之一,属中纬度垂直冰缘带,冰缘营力以寒冻风化为主,发育了十多种冰缘地貌类型。冰缘带的下限可确定在暗针叶林的下界,约与年平均气温0℃的等温线相一致。 相似文献
12.
地带性与非地带性夷平面* 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
夷平面是指由剥蚀和夷平作用所产生的,以截面形式横切所有在年龄上先于它的地层和构造的一种平缓地形。前人普遍认为,夷平面是在构造相对稳定条件下经过长期外营力作用形成的一个接近基准面的平坦地形,是地貌长期演化的终极产物。 流水侵蚀是夷平面形成的动力学基础。"夷平面"一直是解释新生代以来大的构造格局和地貌演化的重要理论依据,如我国青藏高原隆升的研究。 基于气候地貌学原理,文章提出了寒冻夷平面和干旱夷平面的概念;从坡地演化过程理论模型入手,探讨了寒冻、干旱夷平面和流水夷平面的形成机理;提出有别于传统"构造侵蚀旋迴"理论的"构造隆升和地面剥夷动态平衡"的气候夷平地貌假说;此外,还简要分析了这三类夷平面的全球分布规律。 相似文献
13.
自从20世纪60年代初在山东诸城发现第一具恐龙骨架“巨型山东龙”以来,一系列具有代表性的恐龙骨骼化石在诸城白垩纪地层中被发现,特别是埋藏于诸城晚白垩世地层中恐龙骨骼化石群,最为引人注目。目前研究发现了包括鸭嘴龙类、角龙类、暴龙类等在内的多种恐龙类型,为丰富我国东部白垩纪恐龙动物群的研究提供了新的宝贵材料。该文系统总结和归纳了近些年来在诸城晚白垩世地层中发现的恐龙骨骼化石及其所代表的恐龙动物群类型的研究成果,同时又提出了目前依然存在的一些亟待解决的关键问题和研究意义,有助于下一步更好的深入研究诸城晚白垩世恐龙动物群。 相似文献
14.
C.K. Ballantyne 《Quaternary Science Reviews》1984,3(4):311-343
A wide variety of Late Devensian periglacial landforms developed on Scottish mountains both before ca. 13,000 BP and during the Loch Lomond Stadial of ca. 11,000-10,000 BP. Nearly all such features are now inactive. Late Devensian periglacial weathering produced three types of regolith mantle (openwork block deposits, sandy diamicts and silt-rich frost-susceptible diamicts), each of which supports a characteristic assemblage of relict landforms. On upper slopes these include large-scale sorted circles and stripes, earth hummocks and nonsorted relief stripes, sorted and nonsorted solifluction features, massive boulder sheets and lobes, and nivation benches. Talus, protalus ramparts, rock glaciers and alluvial fans also developed at the base of mountain slopes.The distribution of Late Devensian periglacial features on Scottish mountains is locally controlled by topography, the response of underlying rocks to periglacial weathering and the limits of former glaciers. Regional variations in the altitude of certain forms of Loch Lomond Stadial age (particularly protalus ramparts and rock glaciers) indicate a decrease in former snowfall eastwards across the Scottish Highlands and northwards from the Highland Boundary Fault. Several upland periglacial features are also diagnostic of former permafrost, and complement palaeotemperature reconstructions based on ice-wedge casts and the equilibrium firn line altitudes of stadial glaciers. These suggest that under stadial conditions mean January temperatures at 600 m and 1000 m on mountains in the Western Grampians must have been no higher than −20°C and −23°C respectively, and possibly several degrees lower. 相似文献
15.
Recent accounts suggest that periglacial processes are unimportant for large-scale landscape evolution and that true large-scale periglacial landscapes are rare or non-existent. The lack of a large-scale topographical fingerprint due to periglacial processes may be considered of little relevance, as linear process-landscape development relationships rarely can be substantiated. Instead, periglacial landscapes may be classified in terms of specific landform associations. We propose “cryo-conditioning”, defined as the interaction of cryotic surface and subsurface thermal regimes and geomorphic processes, as an overarching concept linking landform and landscape evolution in cold regions. By focusing on the controls on processes, this concept circumvents scaling problems in interpreting long-term landscape evolution derived from short-term processes. It also contributes to an unambiguous conceptualization of periglacial geomorphology. We propose that the development of several key elements in the Norwegian geomorphic landscape can be explained in terms of cryo-conditioning. 相似文献
16.
吉林省白头山火山岩的岩石学研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
白头山火山位于吉林省东部,主要由一套粗面岩—钠闪碱流岩组成。岩石中长石斑晶的成分表现出逐步富Or的趋势。单斜辉石早期向富Fe,而晚期表现为向富NaFe3+Si2O6的方向演化。矿物成分变化规律的研究揭示了白头山火山岩与长白山玄武岩之间的成因联系。岩石主要元素化学成分在过碱性酸性岩系统的Q—Ab—Or相图及SiO2—Al2O2—Na2O+K2O图上的投影,表明了白头山火山岩的演化主要是受碱性长石的分离结晶所控制,但在从粗面岩到石英粗面岩的演化过程中涉及少量斜长石组分的分离结晶。用最小二乘法对白头山火山岩的成因及其演化过程进行了定量模拟。所得结果与岩相学和岩石化学的分析结果相吻合,证实了白头山火山岩是由长白山玄武岩分离结晶形成的成因假说。根据热力学计算和过碱性岩石的高温高压实验,推测岩浆形成温度分别为1074—928℃,形成压力约在2-3kb。 相似文献
17.
Three types of periglacial deposits (breccias, stratified breccias and grèzes litées are described from Córdoba Province in southern Spain. Their physico-chemical properties, in particular clay mineralogy in relation to terra rossas in the area, indicate two different ages for these deposits. Younger terra rossas and younger periglacial deposits contain illite and kaolinite whereas older terra rossas and older periglacial deposits contain vermiculite and kaolinite. Geomorphological evidence (altitude and relationships to the surfaces described by earlier authors in southern Spain) indicate approximate ages for the deposits. Secondary carbonate from one of the younger breccias gave a uranium series date of 80 000 yr BP, suggesting that some of the younger breccias were deposited in a periglacial climate before 80 000 BP. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
本文根据古植被、古动物的间接标志以及冰缘现象等直接标志为依据,认为把我国晚更新世多年冻土南界划到北纬39—40°最为合适。进入全新世中国北方的气候出现过明显的波动和干湿变化,在高温期时气温较现在高1—2℃,在小冰期气温较现在低2.0—2.5℃。这些变化对植被和动物的生存、迁移以及人类活动产生深刻的影响。此外,多年冻土下限和雪线高度与现代相比有明显的变化。 相似文献
19.
John L. Isbell Molly F. Miller Loren E. Babcock & Stephen T. Hasiotis 《Sedimentology》2001,48(5):953-970
Basal rocks of the Upper Carboniferous to Lower Permian Pagoda Formation at Mount Butters provide an unusual view of periglacial conditions in the central Transantarctic Mountains region prior to the initial advance of the Gondwanide ice sheet. These rocks were deposited on a high relief unconformity that developed on granite. Deposition within relief on the unconformity, possibly in the lee of a granite buttress, protected the rocks from erosion during subsequent overriding by the ice sheet. The succession reflects deposition in a glacial‐fed to ice‐contact lake that contained a freshwater crustacean fauna. Centimetre‐ to decimetre‐scale basal layers include breccia and coarse‐grained sandstone. The occurrence of breccia resting on weathered granite suggests sedimentation as scree and as mass flow deposits. Overlying decimetre‐to metre‐scale stratified diamictites interbedded with metre‐scale, coarsening‐upward successions of siltstone to cross‐laminated sandstone suggest lacustrine deposition by suspension settling, rain out of ice‐rafted debris, and deltaic progradation. Thin zones with abundant conchostracans and/or with prolific trace fossils, in addition to less common remains of other crustaceans, attest to the presence of a low diversity benthic fauna. Conchostracans are concentrated in a series of thin beds that reflect moderately lengthy, perhaps seasonal, periods of free‐flowing water. Patchy vertical and lateral distribution of intense bioturbation and profuse trace fossils probably reflect repeated colonization events during times of favourable environmental conditions. Massive diamictite overlies the basal rocks and indicates that the ice‐marginal lake was subsequently overridden by the late Palaeozoic ice sheet. Occurrences of lodgement till, glacitectonite and deformation till suggest deposition from temperate or warm‐based ice, whereas underlying lacustrine and deltaic deposits, along with a crustacean and trace fossil fauna, suggest temperate periglacial conditions. Previous studies have stressed that upper Palaeozoic glacigenic deposits in Antarctica, and in Gondwanaland, record deglaciation events. In contrast, rocks at Mt. Butters provide an unusual glimpse into an ice‐margin lake and its fauna just prior to ice sheet advance. 相似文献
20.
Chronology and palaeoenvironmental implications of the ice‐wedge pseudomorphs and composite‐wedge casts on the Magdalen Islands (eastern Canada) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Audrey M. Rémillard Bernard Hétu Pascal Bernatchez Jan‐Pieter Buylaert Andrew S. Murray Guillaume St‐Onge Martin Geach 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2015,44(4):658-675
The Magdalen Islands are a valuable terrestrial record, evidencing the complex glacial and periglacial history of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Thirteen structures interpreted as ice‐wedge pseudomorphs or composite‐wedge casts were observed at four sites on the southern Magdalen Islands and testify to the former presence of permafrost under periglacial conditions. These features truncate Carboniferous sandstone or Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) glacial and glaciomarine diamicts, both overlain by subtidal or coastal units. Six optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and four radiocarbon ages were obtained from both host and infilled sedimentary units. These ages provide the first absolute chronological data on these structures, shedding new light on the relationships between glacial and periglacial phases. Our chronostratigraphic data suggest that, after the deglaciation and the emersion of the archipelago, thermal contraction cracks grew during the cold period of the Younger Dryas (11–10 ka; 12.9–11.5 cal. ka BP). The Younger Dryas, which is well documented in the Maritime Provinces of Canada, occurred after a pedogenesis phase associated with the Allerød warm period evidenced by the well‐developed palaeopodzol ubiquitous on the Magdalen Islands. 相似文献