共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
采集康平、沈北、东梁、辽阳、阜新、浑江、舒兰、海拉尔、珲春、凉水、七台河共11处煤矿样品，设置了燃烧试验，使煤在近密闭燃烧炉中燃烧，杜绝飞灰造成的物质损失，然后测定煤及其对应灰分的238U、232Th、226Ra、40K活度.分析得出：在理论燃烧状态下，假设燃烧无飞灰产生，煤灰的238U、232Th、226Ra、40K天然放射性核素富集因子f与煤灰分比Ad的乘积为1.根据煤燃烧后核素的迁移富集规律和影响辐射水平的核素权重，提出了应用于煤的比活度、吸收剂量率、年吸收剂量、内辐射指数等放射性环境评价参考值.经11处煤矿验证，评价结果可以反映煤灰的辐射水平，辐射水平排序与实际测量结果基本一致. 相似文献
2.
采集康平、沈北、东梁、辽阳、阜新、浑江、舒兰、海拉尔、珲春、凉水、七台河共11处煤矿样品,设置了燃烧试验,使煤在近密闭燃烧炉中燃烧,杜绝飞灰造成的物质损失,然后测定煤及其对应灰分的238U、232Th、226Ra、40K活度.分析得出：在理论燃烧状态下,假设燃烧无飞灰产生,煤灰的238U、232Th、226Ra、40K天然放射性核素富集因子f与煤灰分比Ad的乘积为1.根据煤燃烧后核素的迁移富集规律和影响辐射水平的核素权重,提出了应用于煤的比活度、吸收剂量率、年吸收剂量、内辐射指数等放射性环境评价参考值.经11处煤矿验证,评价结果可以反映煤灰的辐射水平,辐射水平排序与实际测量结果基本一致. 相似文献
3.
利用ARD型γ能谱仪对辽宁省大连市区地表天然放射性核素238U、232Th、40K含量进行了现场测量.调查结果显示,大连市区238U、232Th、40K比活度平均值分别为23.09 Bq/kg（范围值1.24~151.91 Bq/kg）、18.99 Bq/kg（范围值0.41~92.57 Bq/kg）、386.39 Bq/kg（范围值31.30~1095.50 Bq/kg）,均显著低于全国和世界的平均值.在测得的238U、232Th、40K含量基础上,计算了距地面1 m高处空气中γ辐射吸收剂量率、外照射指数、内照射指数和年有效剂量等参数,并据此对大连市区天然放射性水平进行了评价.空气中γ辐射吸收剂量率（Dr）平均值为39.04 nGy/h,远低于全国（81.5 nGy/h）和世界（80 nGy/h）平均水平.外照射指数、内照射指数平均值分别为0.23、0.12,均远小于国家对建筑材料外照射指数的限值1.年有效剂量为0.048 mSv,远低于世界年平均有效剂量（0.46 mSv）以及公众外照射年有效剂量（1.0 mSv）的限值.评价结果表明,大连市区地表天然放射性辐射处于安全的水平. 相似文献
4.
利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱 (LA-ICP-MS)对三峡地区二叠系茅口组牙形石的U-Th-Pb同位
素年龄进行测定。结果表明该地层中牙形石的 208Pb/ 232Th年龄为 269 ±44Ma ,207Pb/235U为 256 ±
39Ma叠系茅口组的生物地层年龄。206b/238U年龄为196 ±Ma,虽然准确度较高,但与前人推测的
地层年龄相比偏低。此外,作者对牙形石的稀土元素(REE)组成进行了分析,并且发现牙形石的 REE组成和Ce
异常与古海水氧化还原条件有一定的相关性,可以指示古海水的信息。 相似文献
5.
“三九”地区位于诸广山复式岩体中段,隶属华南花岗岩型铀矿富集区。放射性同位素及其比值是反映铀成矿信息的重要参数,可直接反映浅部到深部的铀、镭富集的地球化学特征及其迁移规律。本文重点探讨“三九”地区不同地段、不同含量、不同埋深和不同矿体部位的238U、234U、226Ra、230Th和231Pa同位素特征及其比值,分析铀、镭迁移富集规律。结果表明：“三九”地区铀矿体由近地表至深部铀镭平衡系数具有高-低-高变化特征;U元素的相对富集、Th元素相对减低及其U/Th比值的急剧升高等特征,与U、Th丰度区间具有明显分带特征关系密切;当地表有矿化或异常显示且浅、深部有工业矿时,其同位素组成具有铀、镭同时迁出,且铀大量迁出特征;当地表无异常显示时,其同位素组成具有铀大量迁出、镭明显迁入特征。大于1的234U/238U比值可有效指示找铀矿化。综上,利用放射性同位素及其比值法在“三九”地区预测深部铀成矿有利地段,取得较好应用效果,其中九龙江、石壁窝和木... 相似文献
6.
入海河口中河水与海水的混合是海洋学中一个重要的界面过程,两者混合尺度和混合速率关系到河流携带物质的扩散范围和归宿,采用天然示踪剂224Ra和226Ra计算河水与海水的混合速率。2010年8月28日,采集了闽江河口区地下水样20个、河水样13个、河水与海水的混合水样12个,分别测量了每个水样的盐度、224Ra活度和226Ra活度。结果表明：地下水中224Ra、226Ra活度普遍高于河水;所有水体中的224Ra活度普遍都高于226Ra活度;河水遇到海水后,224Ra活度出现较大幅度的增加,而226Ra活度的增加并不明显。基于224Ra与226Ra半衰期的差异,在只有河水与海水发生涡流混合的情况下,计算获得河水与海水的混合速率为140.2~142.5 m/h。 相似文献
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运用γ谱仪,对采自福建省兴化湾外近海海域的D37和FJ3-12孔进行了 210Pb 、226Ra和 137Cs 活度的测试,得到这3种核素活度随深度变化特征。分别运用 210Pb 法的CFCS模式(恒定通量恒定沉积模式,Constant Flux and Constant Sedimentation)和CRS模式(恒定供给速率模式,Constant Rate of Supply)以及 137Cs 时标法计算平均沉积速率,发现3种方式的计算结果存在一定差异。在排除粒度变化对核素剖面的影响后,对比不同取样深度的结果发现,指数衰减剖面不完整度(取样深度未达 210Pb 的本底值区)对运用CFCS和CRS模式计算平均沉积速率均有不利影响,其中对CRS模式的影响随剖面不完整性愈强而愈显著。为此提出了相关校正方法作为参考,即先根据CFCS模式估算平均沉积速率和相应的210Pbex累积量,再通过CRS法建立钻孔年龄框架,由此可计算得出D37和FJ3-12孔的平均沉积速率分别为2.76cm/yr和4.53cm/yr。 相似文献
8.
滇西腾冲-梁河地区花岗岩锆石稀土元素组成和U-Pb同位素年龄 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在详细的区域地质调查基础上,对滇西腾冲-梁河地区花岗岩的锆石进行了阴极发光观察,并通过LA-ICP-MS分析了其稀土元素组成和U-Pb同位素年龄。花岗岩中大部分锆石具有振荡环带,锆石稀土元素表现为亏损轻稀土、阶梯式富集重稀土、强烈正Ce异常及强烈负Eu异常,表明锆石为典型的岩浆锆石。花岗岩（D0053）锆石的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为（127.9±1.0） Ma (MSWD=2.9,27个点),花岗岩（D4310）锆石的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为（58.3±0.5） Ma (MSWD=1.8,21个点),表明腾冲-梁河地区存在大量早白垩世和早第三纪花岗岩浆活动,它们是特提斯演化过程的岩浆响应。 相似文献
9.
激光剥蚀-扇形磁场电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-SF-ICP-MS)具有高灵敏度特征,被广泛应用于锆石等含U矿物原位微区U-Pb定年研究,但磁偏转式质量分析器的使用导致该质谱仪扫描速度相对较慢,可能影响U-Pb同位素与其他关键微量元素的同时采集。本文通过优化仪器信号稳定性和实验方法,对目前常用的7种锆石U-Pb标准样品进行U-Pb定年和Ti、REEs、Hf等关键元素同时定量分析,探讨了多元素同时分析方法的可行性及对于U-Pb定年结果的影响。实验结果表明,相对于LA-SF-ICP-MS仅检测U-Pb同位素方法,同时开展多元素含量检测可能会使U-Pb同位素信号强度稳定性下降,导致单点U-Pb年龄结果误差及离散程度增大。与仅测定U-Pb同位素年龄的测定结果相比较,根据不同锆石样品中U-Pb同位素含量高低,多元素同时检测获得分析点的206Pb/238U年龄和207Pb/235U年龄变化范围不同程度地增大,其中207Pb/235U年龄受影响明显,单点207<... 相似文献
10.
为研究华北地区火山热液型铀矿地表地球化学异常特征与深部铀矿体的关系,选取冀北覆盖区典型的隐伏火山热液型铀矿——大官厂铀矿床为研究对象,在大官厂矿区布置了土壤调查采样,并在有矿钻孔和矿化钻孔上方采集了土壤样,进行土壤瞬时氡、活动态铀及210Po测试分析,探讨这3种地球化学特征与深部铀矿体的关系。结果显示：高品位钻孔附近的土壤瞬时氡明显高于矿化孔,同时,土壤面积样中瞬时氡的高值与深部铀矿体对应较好;高品位铀矿钻孔中210Po略高,但面积性分布的土壤样中210Po的离散度小,分布较均匀,在矿区和无矿区的数值无差别;高品位孔中的活动态铀无明显异常,在土壤面积样中,活动态铀的最大值位于已知的无矿区。由此获得初步认识,在大比例尺上探测深埋藏铀矿体时,土壤瞬时氡浓度异常可以指示深部隐伏铀矿体的异常,而活动态铀与210Po异常不及瞬时氡灵敏。 相似文献
11.
宁夏固原炭山地区存在大量与煤伴生的油页岩资源,油页岩主要赋存于中侏罗统延安组中下部各含煤层系中。本文采集钻孔所获延安组油页岩岩心样品,通过低温干馏、主量元素测定以及钻井录井等方法对炭山地区油页岩特征进行了研究,明确了油页岩测井识别依据,恢复了油页岩沉积环境。研究表明：炭山地区油页岩主要以黑色、灰黑色、深灰色为主,质地较轻,密度小,硬度小,断口参差状、贝壳状,具油脂光泽、沥青光泽,块状层理发育;油页岩含油率为3.60%~9.00%,灰分质量分数为42.50%~79.05%,全硫质量分数为0.07%~1.37%,发热量为11.01 kJ/g（平均值）,属中品质、硅质灰分、低硫且与煤伴生的油页岩;油页岩中w（SiO2）变化较大,为53.89%~65.55%,w（Al2O3）为17.45%~23.29%,w（K2O）明显高于w（Na2O）,w（Fe2O3+MgO）为12.75%~21.98%,表明油页岩中含有较多的含钾矿物和镁铁成分;另外,Al2O3/（CaO+Na2O）值为3.09~21.12,揭示油页岩稳定组分含量较高。炭山地区油页岩测井曲线特征明显区别于煤层和泥岩,油页岩长距伽马、声波时差和密度介于煤层与泥岩之间,而电阻率明显低于煤层和泥岩。炭山地区油页岩化学蚀变指数为74.87~84.35,Sr/Ba值为0.33~0.83,平均为0.61,Th/U值为1.00~3.50,表明本地区油页岩沉积环境为温暖、温润的缺氧、贫氧的陆相淡水湖泊环境和沼泽环境。 相似文献
12.
13.
Major element, trace element and Nd–Sr–Pb–O isotope data for a suite of Neo-Proterozic, pre-orogenic, rift-related syenites from the Northern Damara orogen (Namibia) constrain their sources and petrogenesis. New U–Pb ages obtained on euhdreal titanite of inferred magmatic origin constrain the age of intrusion of the Lofdal and Oas syenites to ca. 750 Ma compatible with previous high-precision zircon analyses from the Oas complex. Major rock types from Lofdal and Oas are mildly sodic nepheline-normative and quartz-normative syenites and were primarily generated by fractional crystallization from a mantle-derived alkaline magma. Primitive samples from Lofdal and Oas show depletion of Rb, K and Th relative to Ba and Nb together with variable negative anomalies of P and Ti on a primitive mantle-normalized diagram. Evolved samples from Oas develop significant negative Ba, Sr, P and Ti anomalies and positive U and Th anomalies mainly as a function of crystal fractionation processes. The lack of a pronounced negative Nb anomaly in samples from Lofdal suggests that involvement of a crustal component is negligible. For the nepheline-normative samples from Lofdal, the unradiogenic Sr and radiogenic Nd isotope composition and low δ18O values suggest derivation of these samples from a moderately depleted lithospheric upper mantle with crustal-like U/Pb ratios (87Sr/86Sr: 0.7031–0.7035, ε Nd: ca. + 1, δ18O: 7‰, 206Pb/204Pb: ca.18.00, 207Pb/204Pb: 15.58–15.60). Primitive samples of the Oas quartz-normative syenites have identical isotope characteristics (87Sr/86Sr: 0.7034, ε Nd: ca. + 1, δ18O: 6.5‰, 206Pb/204Pb: ca.18.00, 207Pb/204Pb: 15.59) whereas more differentiated samples have higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.709–0.714), slightly higher δ18O values (7.0–7.1‰), less radiogenic ε Nd values (− 1.1 to − 1.4) and more radiogenic 206Pb/204Pb ratios up to 18.27. These features together with model calculations using Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes suggest modification of a primary syenite magma by combined AFC processes involving ancient continental crust. In this case, high Nb abundances of the parental syenite liquid prevent the development of significant negative Nb anomalies that may be expected due to interaction with continental crust. 相似文献
14.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(13):1465-1480
This study examines the rare earth element (REE) pattern of acidic mine discharges in the Durham basin (NE England) as a means of fingerprinting their sources and understanding the water-rock interactions Although whole rock compositions proved to be unhelpful, mimicking acid mine water generation in a series of selective leachates of the coal and coal-bearing strata gave REE patterns similar to those measured in the emergent waters. REE ratios and anomalies were used as indicators of specific interactions in the development of acidic groundwater. The implications of the findings for the classification and evolution of acid mine discharges are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Wan Guojiang Zheng Xiangdong Lee H N Bai Z G Wan Enyuan Wang Shilu Yang Wei 《地球科学进展》2010,25(5):492-504
It′s essential to measure air concentrations and depositional fluxes of environmental radionuclides in different regions for modeling global contamination transfer and validation, tracing deposition process and dating, referencing watershed erosion trace and assessing natural radiation of ecosystem. This study introduces the research background and methods and explains weekly variations of 210Pb and 7Be concentrations in surface air and precipitation at Mt. Guanfeng/Guiyang since 2001. The results indicate that 210Pb and 7Be concentrations in surface air fluctuate periodically at 2~6 week interval because of the meteorological condition changes. The annual trend in 210Pb air concentration is overall influenced by air temperature variation and periodical rainfall. 7Be air concentration varies up and down regualarly. The synchronization of low concentrations for both 210Pb and 7Be in surface air and high ratio (210Pb/7Be ≥ 0.8) indicate oceanic poor 210Pb-7Be air mass invasion. The synchronization of high concentrations of 210Pb and 7Be in surface air and low ratio (210Pb/7Be ≤ 0.7) implies rich 7Be air mass invasion from altostratus atmosphere. Weekly concentrations of 210Pb and 7Be in precipitation and the Kd coefficients are high in late Autumn to Spring, and low in late Spring to Autumn. Although 210Pb and 7Be concentrations vary seasonally, their weekly concentrations in precipitation increase with that of air concentration. The 210Pb and 7Be weekly concentrations for seasonal division is about 0.2 Bq/L and 1 Bq/L, respectively. However, the Kd coefficient decreases when 210Pb and 7Be air concentrations increase. Deposition of 210Pb and 7Be with precipitation mainly take place in Spring and Summer; The weekly fallout of 210Pb and 7Be increases with increasing precipitation; the increase of 7Be is triple of that of 210Pb and 2.5 when precipitation nears to zero. The weekly-high fallout of 210Pb and 7Be with precipitation corresponds with the dramatic decrease of their air concentrations within or vicinal weeks. The ratio of 210Pb to 7Be in rainfall is overall ≤ 0.5 and varies synchronously with the ratio in surface air, indicating that the two radionuclides are cleaned by precipitation from air at close speed. In the extreme freezing disaster in 2008, both 210Pb and 7Be air concentrations were low and coupling with coexist of low concentration of aerosol and high nuclides activities. Weekly concentration of 7Be in surface air at Mt. Guanfeng demonstrates the anticipated concentration level in the low-latitude and high-elevation region; the short-term fluctuations of 7Be concentration indicated the hysteresis was influcenced by the strong air current submersion and the low-elevation air mass rising differently at Mt. Guanfeng and Mt. Waliguan. 相似文献
16.
Naizheng Xu Xinxiang Wei Fuxiang Kuang Linxi Zhang Hongying Liu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(21):726
Based on γ-radiation dose rate and radon concentration measurements and 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K radionuclide testing, this study identifies the radioactive anomalies of stone coal-bearing strata in East China and evaluates the natural radioactivity levels in the air, solid, water and plant media in the typical area of the regional stone coal-bearing layers. The stone coal-bearing strata in East China occur in the lower Cambrian system along the margin of the Yangtze block; additionally, the radioactive anomaly area is sporadically distributed in the stone coal-bearing layers. The background values of 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K are higher in the stone coal-bearing areas, and the spatial distribution of these natural radionuclides shows significant variability. 238U and 226Ra clearly accumulate in the coal, coal gangue and soil and are the main sources of the environmental radiation in coal mines. The γ-radiation shows a higher background value in the stone coal-bearing area, and this radioactive pollution cannot be ignored. Typically, the effective dose of γ-radiation exceeds the limit value of 5 mSv/a, and the total α and total β concentrations of the groundwater are 10–30 times the limit value at some points. The residents near the mining area are subjected to a higher radiation dose, and the groundwater, building materials, and plants have been contaminated by the radioactive pollution sporadically through time. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring work of radioactive environments and to take appropriate control measures. 相似文献
17.
Carol Molinivelsko Toshiko K. Mayeda Robert N. Clayton 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1986,50(12):2719-2726
Samples of bulk meteorites show only mass-dependent fractionation of silicon isotopes. No isotopic anomalies were found. The variation of the ratios 29Si/28Si and 30Si/28Si over the meteorite classes is small; 1%. per mass unit difference. The average Si isotopic composition for each class of meteorites is identical, within analytical uncertainties. This is quite unlike O, whose anomalous isotopic abundances in bulk samples differentiate among the classes of meteorites. The overlapping abundance ranges of Si isotopes among many classes of meteorites suggest closed-system behavior for this element prior to meteorite accretion and allow calculation of an average solar system Si isotope composition. 相似文献