共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
As an important part of demand-side management, residential demand response (DR) can not only reduce consumer’s electricity costs, but also improve the stability of power system operation. In this regard, this paper proposes an optimal scheduling model of household appliances for smart home energy management considering DR. The model includes electricity cost, incentive and inconvenience of consumers under time-of-use (TOU) electricity price. Further, this paper discusses the influence of inconvenience weighting factor on total costs. At the same time, the influence of incentive on optimization results is also analyzed. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed model, which can reduce 34.71% of consumer’s total costs. It also illustrates that the total costs will be raised with the increase in inconvenience weighting factor. Thus, consumers will choose whether to participate in DR programs according to their preferences. Moreover, the result demonstrates that incentives are conducive to shifting load and reducing the consumer’s total energy costs. The presented study provides new insight for the applications of residential DR. 相似文献
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This paper explores the impact that a new type of pineapple, and subsequent changing consumer preferences in the Global North, has had on the livelihoods of pineapple growers in Ghana. The paper starts by tracing how research and development in Costa Rica by the world’s largest producers of pineapple, Del Monte and Dole, have resulted in a new variety MD2. This new pineapple type has been marketed in the EU through campaigns carried out by plantation companies via supermarkets. Consumer preferences have subsequently switched to MD2 away from the varieties which previously dominated the market, including the Ghanaian grown Smooth Cayenne. Ghanaian smallholders have experienced a dramatic drop in the demand for Smooth Cayenne and are unable to switch to growing MD2. The Ghanaian pineapple sector is consequently being restructured with large-scale pineapple farms, principally run by transnational companies, growing large quantities of MD2 for export. Through a detailed empirical study of the changing livelihoods of pineapple growers in two settlements in Ghana, we show how smallholders have been affected in differing ways as transnational companies have increasingly entered the market. Recent attempts to incorporate smallholders as producers of niche pineapple products are discussed. The paper illustrates the mutual benefits of linking global value chain analysis with livelihood analysis. 相似文献
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D. Vukelic I. Budak B. Tadic G. Simunovic V. Kljajic B. Agarski 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(2):353-364
Selection of the optimal product, where several products’ aspects are expressed through criteria, is a multi-criteria decision-making problem. Besides technical, exploitational, functional, structural, market and aesthetic criteria, nowadays, environmental criteria are inevitable aspects of a modern product. Environmental product properties can be successfully evaluated with a life cycle assessment. This paper proposes a multi-criteria decision-making model for optimal product assessment that uses environmental criteria obtained from a life cycle assessment. The proposed model presents a comprehensive approach that aims to overcome complex decision-making problems for optimal product selection, where special attention is given to the product’s environmental impact. Verification of the proposed multi-criteria decision-making and life cycle assessment model was performed on the case study of optimal knee support selection. By changing the criteria weights in multi-criteria decision-making, a sensitivity analysis was performed. The model output results show the product alternatives ranking that supports decision-making in optimal product selection. 相似文献
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Sophia E. Fox Mirta Teichberg Ivan Valiela Leanna Heffner 《Estuaries and Coasts》2012,35(5):1193-1204
Understanding whether nutrient availability and grazing by consumers can control macroalgal growth is important to mitigate blooms. To assess the effect of long-term nitrogen loading on macroalgae, we ran a field experiment in which we measured growth of green and red macroalgae in estuaries where loads and eutrophication status differed. The relative abundances of consumers differed among estuaries with more grazers in non-eutrophied estuaries, an important interaction of bottom-up and top-down controls. In the estuary with the lowest nitrogen load, grazers controlled green macroalgal growth, but in higher nitrogen-loaded estuaries, where grazing was lower, growth of green macroalgae overwhelmed potential grazer control. The red macroalga was not controlled by grazers, even in the estuary where grazing pressure was highest. In the low-loaded estuary, invertebrate predators exerted top-down control over grazers, but predation effects did not cascade to macroalgae. Bottom-up mechanisms dominated control of macroalgae through an interaction of direct stimulation of growth and indirect alteration of consumer abundances, and thus, long-term nutrient regimes are likely determining potential for bloom formation in Waquoit Bay. 相似文献
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This article reports on an empirical analysis of consumer information and usage fields in the city of Eindhoven. The main purposes of this study are to investigate the distance, sectoral and directional biases of these fields, to analyse whether the degree of biases is related to personal characteristics of consumers and to identify the factors of the basis on which a model which predicts the probability that a shopping centre will be known by consumers can be developed. The findings of the study suggest that strong distance, sectoral and directional biases are present in the information and usage fields of consumers and that no systematic relationships exist between these characteristics of information and usage fields and personal variables of consumers. Finally, the present studies suggests that a model which describes the formation of consumer choice sets should include spatial factors such as distance, size, intervening opportunities and direction towards the city centre. 相似文献
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Modeling of hydrogen emission lines is a powerful tool to study physical processes in the nearest vicinity of young stars because spectral lines carry information on the kinematics and physical conditions of the gas. One of the lines that probe emitting regions closest to the star is the Br$$\gamma $$ line. We consider different types of hybrid models to reproduce both interferometric VLTI-AMBER observations and LBT-LUCIFER spectroscopic observations of the single-peak profile of the Br$$\gamma $$ line of the Herbig AeBe star (HAEBE) VV Ser, a member of the UX Ori type subclass. We computed models of a magneto-centrifugal disk wind, a magnetospheric accretion region (magnetosphere), Cranmer’s polar wind, and scattered light from circumstellar polar dust. Furthermore, we calculated hybrid two-component models consisting of a disk wind and one of the aforementioned models. We computed visibilities and line profiles for all types of models and compared them with the available interferometric observations to constrain model parameters. We conclude that for the inclinations reported for this star (60°–70°), the disk wind alone cannot explain the Br$$\gamma $$ line profile although it may be a dominant contributor to the hydrogen line radiation. However, magneto-centrifugal disk wind in combination with aforementioned emitting regions (magnetosphere, polar wind, or scattered light from polar dust) may be able to reproduce the observations. 相似文献
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Green supply chain management in the electronic industry 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
C. W. Hsu Ph.D. A. H. Hu Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2008,5(2):205-216
Green supply chain management has emerged as a proactive approach for improving environmental performance of processes and products in accordance with the requirements of environmental regulations. Various approaches for implementing green supply chain management practices has been proposed and recognized in previous literatures, yet no investigation has identified the reliability and validity of such approaches particularly in electronic industry. This study examines the consistency approaches by factor analysis that determines the adoption and implementation of green supply chain management in Taiwanese electronic industry. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method is applied to prioritize the relative importance of four dimensions and twenty approaches among nine enterprises in electronic industry. The findings indicate that these enterprises would emphasize on supplier management performance in the crucial role of implementing green supply chain management. Establishing an environmental database of products, asking for product testing report and top management support are among the most important approaches. The results for the implications of green supply chain management implementation in electronic industry investigated in this work generate a generic hierarchy model for decision-makers who can prioritize those approaches for implementing green supply chain management in Taiwan. 相似文献
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Today, various types of fair trade systems propose new forms of relationships between producers and consumers. If several
studies have provided accurate understandings of consumers’ motivations to buy fair trade products, the specific kinds of
consumer involvement that are emphasized in those systems remain partly unknown. In France, controversies about the regulation
and organization of fair trade with producers from Southern countries has led to broader debates about how consumers can best
express their solidarity with producers. In these debates local food networks are often portrayed as good examples of fair
trade and as having potential to redefine the role of the consumer in the marketplace (or in commercial relations). Based
on examination of the type of mechanisms used to enrol consumers in local and fair trade networks, we have distinguished two
main kinds of consumers’ involvement. The first one may be called “delegation” and is based on market mechanisms. The second
one is called “empowerment” and is based on contractual mechanisms between consumers and producers and on the construction
of collective choices. This latter kind of consumer involvement points out the capacity of alternative food networks to empower
consumers in a more broadly political sense.
相似文献
| Claire LamineEmail: |
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Consumption preferences and environmental externalities: A hedonic analysis of the housing market in Guangzhou 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The urban housing market of China has been transformed since the 1980s from a centrally-planned to a free-market system. This study aimed to (1) investigate the position of outdoor environmental quality in house-buyers’ preferences; (2) assess monetary values attributed to environmental externalities by the hedonic pricing method (HPM); and (3) test the applicability of HPM in China. The study area was Guangzhou, the major city of south China with a booming real-estate market. A questionnaire survey was conducted with households in new residences sold in 2004. The main buying motives were improving living quarters and floor area. Security concerns and a preference for high-rise buildings were somewhat unexpected. Good outdoor environment, including green space provision, proximity to parks, and views of green space and water, carried significant hedonic values. Differences between the submarkets of old and new towns were found; new town households expected apartments in high-rise blocks, exclusive residential land use, and views of green space, while old town households preferred proximity to shopping areas and workplaces, green space within the development and proximity to nearby parks. The findings could help to fine tune the developing housing market to match supply with demand in quality terms. Values accorded to environmental attributes could justify funding for urban green spaces and nature conservation. The study verified the applicability of HPM to the housing context in China. 相似文献
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滑坡危险性评价是滑坡灾害防治的重要前提和基础,简单高效的评价方式是其中的一个研究重点。本文以四川安县作为研究区域,基于ArcGIS中的分析功能,引入可视化的建模工具Modelbuilder,以模型的方式演示和运行整个滑坡危险性评价过程,得到了滑坡危险性的分级图,并进行对比分析。实验结果表明,利用可视化建模方式完成复杂地区的滑坡危险性评价,能够简化操作流程,节约时间和精力。 相似文献
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煤炭产业是我国的支柱产业,煤炭地质勘查是煤炭工业健康发展的基础,因此,在新的历史时期,应以科学发展观来审视煤炭地勘单位的定位与发展方向。煤炭地质勘查单位应树立“大地质、大市场”的发展理念,在全面开放的市场管理体制下,充分发挥技术、人才、设备、资料等方面的主业优势,积极开展地质服务;建立并健全包括人事、资金、质量等方面的管理体制,为地勘单位的科学发展提供保障;以人为本,完善绩效评价体系,形成绩效考评、质量技术考核、安全考核和党建及精神文明考核联动机制,以此推动煤炭地勘单位的改革,实现煤炭地质勘查事业的可持续发展。 相似文献
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岩溶地区隧道建设中常发生突水、突泥等地质灾害,危及工程和施工人员安全,故隧道线路的优化工作尤为重要。本文以三清高速万寿山隧道为例,通过大比例尺水文地质调查,查明了区域岩溶水系统的空间展布和岩溶地下水的循环特征,研究了不同隧道方案与岩溶水系统的空间位置关系,并预测不同线位方案岩溶水害的发育特征。在此基础上,选取隧道穿越断层数量、隧道穿越岩溶含水层长度、最大突水压力以及最大突涌水量作为隧道方案比选的定量评价指标,基于层次分析法,建立岩溶地区隧道线路综合评价模型。对不同线位方案进行地质比选,结果表明:C方案的岩溶水文地质条件相对较好,岩溶突水突泥风险最低。 相似文献
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Despite the growing recognition that metropolitan real estate markets are segmented spatially and that property development is still profoundly local, research has taken little notice of agents that actually initiate and propel the development process. Earlier studies that aimed at identifying metropolitan segmentation employed statistical techniques whilst ignoring the practices of agents that might shed light on the notion of segmentation. Greater Toronto’s office market, which is Canada’s largest, exemplifies a real estate market far more spatially segmented than the downtown–suburban framework, a dichotomy so extensively use in research. Locational preferences of the numerous developers that work in this market tend to be highly localized, confirming deep-rooted segmentation. Their preferences correspond to submarket classification and follow dividing lines that crisscross the metropolitan region, emphasizing the extent and the power of parochialism, which defines the nature of real estate development. 相似文献
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通过介绍清水砼设计现状及存在问题,阐述了清水砼的优点,推广绿色施工,促进节能减排的要求,清水砼的技术成熟及广泛应用,论证了设计使用清水砼的必要性。 相似文献
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Rachel Marie Wilson Jeffrey Chanton F. Graham Lewis Douglas Nowacek 《Estuaries and Coasts》2010,33(6):1406-1419
The goals of this study were to quantify organic matter source utilization by consumers in the freshwater-dominated region
(East Bay) of a high river flow estuary and compare the results to consumers in marine-influenced sites of the same estuary
to understand how organic matter utilization by consumers may be changing along the salinity gradient. We used the results
from these evaluations to establish the baseline against which we isotopically determined trophic level for consumers in East
Bay. Average isotope values for consumers sampled in East Bay ranged from −20.1‰ to −24.8‰ for carbon and from 8.9‰ to 14.3‰
for sulfur. These values were well-constrained by the four identified sources: plankton, benthic organic matter, macroalgae,
and terrestrial detritus. Application of a concentration-corrected mixing model resulted in contributions of benthic production
and detrital sources (averaged over the food web) to East Bay consumers of 41% and 33%, respectively, with the remainder made
up of plankton and benthic macroalage. While benthic organic matter was an important organic matter source for consumers at
both sites, we found that the influence of terrestrial detritus varied significantly throughout the bay. Terrestrial detritus
contributed only 18% of average total organic matter in organisms inhabiting marine-influenced sites. Although terrestrial
detritus did contribute to all consumers examined, most fish species in Apalachicola Bay reflect a greater reliance on autochthonous
sources. Our results suggest that, while terrestrial detritus does appear to be a major contributor to commercially important
shellfish species (most notably oysters and penaeid shrimp), it is not the major source fueling the diversity of secondary
production in Apalachicola Bay. Thus, production in Apalachicola Bay is highly dependent on riverine influx in two ways: (1)
economically important bivalves and crustaceans are being fueled by terrestrial organic matter supplied by river flooding
and (2) secondary and above consumer fish species are supported by in situ production which, in turn, is reliant on nutrients
supplied by the Apalachicola River. These findings are significant in light of decisions regarding water usage and river flow
restrictions in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint drainage basin. The results of this study confirm that in situ estuarine
organic matter is the dominant source supporting secondary production in this river-dominated estuary. 相似文献
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《Geoforum》2015
Apple varieties boom and bust as the vogue for new flavors cycle through the market. Dwarfing rootstocks, an old but freshly blossoming orchard technology, allows growers to intervene in trees in new ways and keep up with shifts in consumer demand. They cultivate customization in apple orchards and facilitate emerging neoliberal trends in food systems. However, the rootstocks do more than entrench actors further into the whims of the market—they also shape economic agency in ways that have multiple expressions. Drawing on work on actor-networks and assemblages, this paper considers how technologies play a role in contemporary food politics through their material characteristics and the performances they inspire. Using apple production in the American Midwest as a case study, this paper discusses the ways that rootstock technologies both reproduce current power structures and conventional organizational forms in food, while providing a platform for an alternative type of assemblage. In doing so, it contributes theoretically to conversations about the role of materials in economic politics and substantively to an optimistic vision of the future of food. 相似文献