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深海多金属结核广泛分布于全球海底,资源储量丰富、开采潜力巨大。自20世纪60年代,围绕深海多金属结核开采提出了连续链斗式、穿梭艇式、管道提升式等的采矿方式,目前研究中多以管道提升式研究为主。将赋存在海床沉积物表面的多金属结核开采出来必然会引起表层沉积物的扰动,从而影响海水化学性质及海洋生物活性。国内外学者围绕深海多金属结核开采,从结核的资源储量、矿区工程地质条件、开采技术、环境影响等方面展开了诸多研究。基于国内外大量文献资料,着重整理了深海多金属结核富集区CC区(东太平洋的克拉里昂—克里帕顿断裂带之间的海底区域)的研究进展。针对以管道提升式开采方式开采深海多金属结核产生的潜在工程地质环境影响得到以下几点认识:(1)结核开采过程中对表层沉积物产生扰动致使沉积物发生再悬浮,再悬浮颗粒浓度是影响海水化学性质、海洋生物活性的主要原因;(2)矿区表层沉积物的工程地质性质是深海多金属结核开采过程中生态环境影响程度的关键控制因素,其决定了结核开采时沉积物再悬浮的质量、空间分布特征;(3)目前多金属结核开采的环境影响评价多基于对生物群落的影响程度进行定性的评价,尚未有基于沉积物工程地质性质变化、再悬浮沉积物时空分布规律进行的环境影响评价,未来深海多金属结核开采环境工程地质影响定量评价系统有待建立。以上认识对于深入了解多金属结核开采研究现状、工程地质环境影响特征、监测环境影响内容有重要意义。 相似文献
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污染土的污染程度评价内容包括土壤物理力学性质的变化、对建筑材料的腐蚀性评价、对环境（人与植物）影响的评价。目前国内土木工程界仅关注前两类指标的评价,环境评估时仅关注第三类指标的评价。而对污染的建设场地而言,单一指标的评价方法欠全面。本文探索建设场地污染地基土的综合评价方法,以客观、全面评价污染土的污染程度,为后期修复与处置提供科学的依据。 相似文献
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高速公路软基处理的环境影响评价方法探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
首次尝试将环境影响评价的概念和评价思路引入高速公路软基处理方案评价,筛选环境影响因子,对各影响因子影响程度量化并赋予相应的权重,最终计算各种软基处理方案的环境影响评价值。 相似文献
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合山市矿山地质环境影响评价研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
广西合山属于煤炭资源枯竭型城市,正在经历的市域经济转型与大规模城市建设,使得矿山地质环境影响评价成为一项基础性工作。将矿山地质环境影响评价划分为两个层次,即采矿活动对矿山地质环境影响评价和城市建设对地质环境的影响评价。选取矿山地质环境条件、矿山开采状况、矿山地质环境问题3个地质环境要素,地形地貌、植被覆盖率、岩土体工程特征、矿山分布密度、煤层倾斜角度、煤层采深采厚比、土地资源破坏强度、水资源破坏强度、地质灾害发育强度9个评价指标,首先应用模糊综合评价模型进行了第一层次的矿山地质环境影响评价,然后采用综合指数评价模型进行了第二层次的地质环境影响评价,结果显示,影响严重区、较严重区、一般区分别为62.87,118.84,175.99km2,各占市域面积的17.6%、33.2%、49.2%。评价结果可作为合山市矿山地质环境综合治理的重要依据。 相似文献
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基于城市环境岩土的不确定性,以上海地基土分布特性为分析重点,结合工程实例,探讨了岩土体不确定性及其风险评估方法。为合理利用城市有限的土地资源,提高城市空间利用效率,高层建筑与地下空间开发日益普遍[1-4]。全面了解城市环境岩土条件与特性,可为城市建设提供重要的技术支持[5,6]。城市环境岩土具有很多不确定性,并使工程面临各种风险[7,8]。本文通过对城市环境岩土不确定性的分析,并以岩土工程勘察为例,阐述不确定因素的表现形式及其风险评估方法。 相似文献
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在多种水体扩散模型基础上,通过数学推导,得出一整套适用于鉴别与评估水环境突发事故危害后果的定量估算公式,内容包括:危险源鉴别、特征等浓度线确定、事故特征危害区与危害期估算、事故下游各处危害期估算等,也可用于直接求取事故危害任意浓度等值线精确的时、空位置及其特征点位置.作为各种水体扩散模型的衍生公式,使用条件与原模型相同,使用方便,结果精确,可广泛应用于风险工程设计、风险工程保险、环境风险评价、环境风险管理、环境影响评价与环境规划等领域. 相似文献
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Environmental impact assessment framework by integrating scientific analysis and subjective perception 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
Environmental impact assessment is widely recognized as an effective tool for supporting the sustainable development of the environment through policy, plan and program decision-making processes. Traditional approach of environmental impact assessment generally focuses on scientific analysis and neglects subjective utilities on the project development. This paper proposes a framework of environmental impact assessment process by integrating subjective perception and scientific analysis. This framework suggests that environmental impacts and their consequent effects are analyzed and calculated based on the inventory analysis, but the non-market loss arising from the construction of the sensitive facility is estimated by contingent valuation method and the relative importance of affecting groups in affecting the ongoing of project development is evaluated by analytical hierarchy process. Eventually, a mathematical model is presented to determine the optimal compensation amount under a targeted refusal rate. Also, a case example is presented to illustrate this approach that integrates the objectively scientific assessment for potentially environmental impacts and individual subjective perception on the non-market value of environmental damages arising from the project development. 相似文献
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地理信息系统GIS支持下的城市地质环境评价 总被引：23，自引：3，他引：20
以 GIS为支撑工具 ,对城市地质环境空间数据库的建立方法、城市建设用地类型的初步划分及城市建设用地与地质环境的协调性评价模型作了分析 ,并选取典型实例进行剖析 ,结果表明 GIS是城市地质环境研究的有效工具。 相似文献
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Sustainable mineral resources management: from regional mineral resources exploration to spatial contamination risk assessment of mining 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Wide-spread environmental contamination associated with historic mining in Europe has triggered social responses to improve
related environmental legislation, the environmental assessment and management methods for the mining industry. Mining has
some unique features such as natural background contamination associated with mineral deposits, industrial activities and
contamination in the three-dimensional subsurface space, problem of long-term remediation after mine closure, problem of secondary
contaminated areas around mine sites, land use conflicts and abandoned mines. These problems require special tools to address
the complexity of the environmental problems of mining-related contamination. The objective of this paper is to show how regional
mineral resources mapping has developed into the spatial contamination risk assessment of mining and how geological knowledge
can be transferred to environmental assessment of mines. The paper provides a state-of-the-art review of the spatial mine
inventory, hazard, impact and risk assessment and ranking methods developed by national and international efforts in Europe.
It is concluded that geological knowledge on mineral resources exploration is essential and should be used for the environmental
contamination assessment of mines. Also, sufficient methodological experience, knowledge and documented results are available,
but harmonisation of these methods is still required for the efficient spatial environmental assessment of mine contamination. 相似文献
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矿产开发过程中的辐射环境影响日益被管理部门和广大公众所重视。针对我国南方某铜矿开采项目,在详细工程分析和现状调查的基础上,对铜矿开采可能带来的辐射环境影响进行了细致分析,预测和评价项目建设对辐射环境的可能影响,并针对性地提出环境保护措施。相关结论和措施对于铜矿资源合理开发和保护环境具有指导意义。 相似文献
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城市热岛效应对土体工程性质的影响及其关键科学问题 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
随着全球气候变暖、城市化进程加快,世界各地大城市的热岛效应及其带来的各种环境和生态问题越来越严重。本文从地质环境保护的角度,分析了城市热岛效应的成因、特点及其对地质环境的影响,重点讨论了城市热岛效应环境中土体工程性质的变化及其带来的各种灾害效应,在此基础上,凝练出了4个关键科学问题,即城市热岛效应环境中土体温度场变化规律、土体中水分迁移规律、土体工程性质变化规律以及土体地质灾害效应,并对它们的具体研究内容进行了详细的分析。论文的分析成果对于掌握城市热岛效应对土体工程性质的影响,保护城市地质环境和防灾减灾,实现城市的可持续发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。
相似文献
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A. M. Martínez-Graña J. L. Goy y Goy Irene De Bustamante Gutiérrez C. Zazo Cardeña 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(1):39-51
A new procedure is proposed for joint strategic environmental assessment and environmental impact assessment using simultaneous characterizations in the protected natural area studied to analyse the importance and extent of the impact of human activities within this area on the various natural resources. GIS techniques were used to define territorial models, including environmental information criteria in thematic layers to facilitate environmental diagnosis in the early planning stages in the areas of concern or of higher quality for conservation at different working levels (municipal, district, provincial or national). Traditional conventional environmental impact assessment methods were improved, using spatial analysis to compare scenarios based on the spatial and temporal variability of the impacts identified and their evaluation. This method was applied to the natural space of Las Batuecas-S. de Francia and Quilamas, where in an initial stage the different anthropogenic activities (landfills, etc.) with the potential to cause direct (sewage waters, etc.) or indirect (leachate, etc.) impacts were identified, using checklists and double-entry matrices to analyse actions likely to cause impacts, developing the cartography and identifying environmental impacts potentially damaging to the natural environment. Next, thematic and interpretive mappings were drawn up (surface water quality, aquifer vulnerability to pollution and vulnerability to municipal solid waste) to assess the effects upon resources (water, soil, air, etc.). Finally, by overlapping the impact identification and vulnerability mappings (municipal solid waste, pollution of aquifers and surface water quality) the impact characterization mapping was obtained, showing the absorption capacity of the different sectors to help the responsible bodies set out preventive and/or corrective measures. The essence of this paper is, in methodological terms, its use of two methods simultaneously (strategic environmental assessment and environmental impact assessment) in a protected natural area, allowing it to be extrapolated to any area where territorial management and planning studies need to be carried out. 相似文献
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某深基坑开挖对周围环境影响的监测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
介绍了南京某超高层建筑深层坑开挖的周围环境监测结果，分析了该深基坑开挖所引起的环境问题，包括地下水水位下降；建筑物和土层变形和裂缝，得到了一些有益的结论。认为基坑地质条件较好且开挖满足支护系统安全稳定的条件时，仍可能对周围环境造成较大的影响。 相似文献
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GIS在矿产资源规划环评中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从矿产资源规划环评的现状出发,阐述了国内外环境影响评价方法.在对比分析了已有环境影响评价方法的基础上,提出了利用GIS(Geographic Information System)技术进行矿产资源规划环评的思路和技术框架,并围绕其中的关键技术,如空间信息存储、矢量数据图层的创建、缓冲区分区、栅格叠加与模型分析、距离制图等进行了详细的分析,并以江苏省矿产资源规划环境影响评价为例,验证了GIs应用思路和技术框架的可行性,其成果为矿产资源规划以及其它相关领域的规划环评提供了极有价值的参考. 相似文献
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A new evaluation model for geo-environmental impact assessment of mining (GEIAM) is proposed. The evaluation framework in
this model considers three groups of criteria, namely, geo-hazards risks, environmental risks, and resource damages. Fuzzy-analytic
hierarchy process (AHP) was used to establish a multiple-criteria evaluation system and simultaneously command weighting to
avoid vagueness and ambiguity in expert judgment. Membership function was employed to deal with the vagueness boundary problem
of indices scoring and to help complete the ultimate fuzzy synthetic ranking. The model expresses the evaluation results with
an integrated objective ranking and three criteria ranking. It was tentatively applied to assess an opencast limestone mine.
The results indicated that the indices sequences were consistent with the mine background and the expert professional experience
and better revealed the impact of geo-hazards risks. Specific assessment factors such as geo-hazards potential, engineering
geological condition, and hydrogeological condition were prioritized for further improvement. Compared with existing GEIAM
evaluation methods, the proposed assessment model focuses more on expert experience and judgment, breaks through the limitation
of local estimation to variable attributes and, most importantly, satisfies the multi-purpose requirements to incorporate
real considerations together for mining safety, geo-environmental protection, and natural resource conservation. 相似文献