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1.
Myint Win Bo Ming-Fang Chang A. Arulrajah Victor Choa 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2012,30(1):45-62
Geotechnical ground investigation is important in all construction works particularly, land reclamation projects. The Changi
East reclamation project is a mega project that involves creation of land space as large as 3,000 hectares in multiple phases
between 1991 and 2005. Ground investigation plays a critical role in the Changi project which involved substantial amount
of ground improvement works after reclamation by sand filling. One important aspect of the investigation was to evaluate the
geotechnical characteristics of the underlying compressible soils beneath the original seabed for the selection of suitable
methods of ground improvement. The other important aspect of the investigation was to characterize and verify the compactness
of the reclaimed sand fill. Many types of in situ tests were extensively used in the project. The field vane shear test provides
correlations between the undrained shear strength and depth for the upper and the lower marine clay strata in the Northern
part and the Southern Part of the reclaimed site. Combined with laboratory undrained shear strength tests, the field vane
strength profiles allow the derivation of the undrained shear strength over effective stress ratios for the upper and the
lower marine clays. In addition, results from three other in situ tests, the piezocone cone penetration test, the flat dilatometer
test, and the self boring pressuremeter test provided useful verification of these correlations. A field-performance based
method of assessing degree of consolidation in the underlying clay was developed by combining field monitoring, laboratory
testing and conventional as well as specialized in situ testing. An effective use of in situ testing methods for assessment,
the outcome of ground improvement and for fill quality control in the densification of granular soils is illustrated with
field observation data collected at the project site. 相似文献
2.
Behavior of a municipal landfill from field measurement data during a waste-disposal period 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The behavior of a municipal waste landfill on marine clay was analyzed from field measurement data. Instruments, e.g., a groundwater level sensor, piezometer, earth pressure gauge, settlement plates, inclinometer, etc., were installed and operated during the disposal period from October 1992 to November 2000. A database system was developed to manage the data from this landfill using Access (Microsoft) with Delphi programs. From the analyses, it was determined that the settlement of the landfill during the initial period of waste disposal was small because of the high leachate level in the landfill. As the level of waste became higher than the leachate level, the settlement of the landfill increased significantly due to the increasing effective pressure within the landfill. From a stability point of view, the critical time for the landfill in this study was the initial period of landfill disposal, which was caused by either the impact load of waste disposal or the time schedule of waste disposal, which was faster than the consolidation of foundation clay caused by the waste load. 相似文献
3.
吹填土围海造陆技术能有效缓解土地资源紧张的问题,所以提高此项技术水平刻不容缓。但是吹填土中,黏粒含量高,有机质含量高,含水率和压缩性大,强度低,导致固结效率低,沉降速度慢。进行长期沉降观测需要耗费较多的资源,故大部分工程并不进行观测。吹填土土体表面形成硬壳的时间一般需要耗费2～3a之久,工期长,加固效果不理想,工后实际沉降与预期沉降相差很大。因此,为工程达到规定变形的要求,如何结合沉降的观测数据进行长期沉降量的预测,以及针对预测得到沉降量,对吹填土采用哪种处理方式成为我们亟待解决的问题。本文通过自编程序建立了时间序列动态神经网络的非线性方法,并将其运用于吹填土沉降的预测中并分析结果。结果表明,动态神经网络的方法可较为合理准确的运用于软土的固结沉降预测中,误差小,可行性强,预测结果具有较高的精度和稳定性。 相似文献
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Characteristics of Singapore Marine Clay at Changi 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Singapore marine clay at Changi is a quartenary deposit that lies within valleys cut in the Old Alluvium. It is locally known
as Kallang formation. The pre-reclamation site characterization and laboratory testing was carried out by conducting marine
sampling boreholes, in situ dissipation tests and field vane test. In situ dissipation tests were conducted with the piezocone,
flat dilatometer, self-boring pressuremeter and BAT permeameter. The purpose of the site characterization was to determine
the consolidation characteristics, strength characteristics, stratigraphy, and mineralogy of Singapore marine clay. The consolidation
properties of marine clay are required prior to land reclamation activities in order to predict the magnitude and rates of
settlement with the expected fill load and future service load as well as for the design of soil improvement works. The shear
strength properties are required for slope stability analyses during reclamation and for the stability analyses of shore protection
works. Clay mineralogy tests and photographic identification of the marine clay was carried out to determine the mineralogical
properties and to visually record the marine clay colour and texture. 相似文献
6.
Soft clay exhibits creep behavior, but simple methods of surcharge preload assessment generally do not take into account creep during primary consolidation. Because Yin–Graham’s model can predict both primary and secondary settlement, it is employed in this paper to obtain the formulae for critical settlement at the unloading time during surcharge preload and for final settlement at the end of the service life. Because “aged” soft natural clay exhibits obvious apparent preconsolidation pressure during a long-term sedimentary history as a result of creep effects and because the field permeability coefficient is considerably larger than the laboratory permeability coefficient, most field measurements indicate that the theoretical excess pore pressure based on Terzaghi’s theory is greater than the measured excess pore pressure even in soft natural clay with obvious viscous behavior. Because of the widespread application of the degree of consolidation in terms of effective stress based on Terzaghi’s theory in real preload projects, the analytical solution for the surcharge preload period subject to creep is derived through the combination of Yin–Graham’s model and Terzaghi’s theory for consolidation. Compared with the existing solution considering secondary settlement, the formula for the preload period presented in this paper is easily applied to assess the preload period using a chart. The case study described indicates that when the consolidation parameters of Terzaghi’s theory are calculated from field-measured excess pore pressure in preload tests, the surcharge preload period determined as described in this paper is suitable for preload design and performance. 相似文献
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基于太沙基固结理论和淤泥质黏土的沉降规律,综合考虑瞬时沉降、主-次固结沉降各阶段的影响,提出了一种基于沉降速率比法计算淤泥质黏土沉降的修正方法。该方法仅需要对前期沉降速率进行最小二乘法分析,求得固结系数,从而可对淤泥质黏土沉降全过程进行预测。工程实例表明,该方法预测沉降量与实测值吻合很好,可为同类工程提供参考。 相似文献
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A. Arulrajah M. W. Bo H. Nikraz A. S. Balasubramaniam 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2007,25(6):647-656
In situ dissipation tests provide a means of evaluating the in situ coefficient of consolidation due to horizontal flow and
hydraulic conductivity in horizontal direction in marine clays formation. Dissipation tests by means of piezocone were utilised
in the characterisation of the coefficient of consolidation due to horizontal flow and the hydraulic conductivity in horizontal
direction of Singapore marine clay at Changi. Piezocone dissipation tests were carried out prior to reclamation as well as
after ground improvement with vertical drains to compare the changes in the coefficient of consolidation due to horizontal
flow and hydraulic conductivity in horizontal direction prior to and after ground improvement. The quasi-static piezometric
pressures from the dissipation tests were compared with piezometric pressures from piezometers to determine their possibility
of future use as an alternative to piezometers. Post-improvement CPTU dissipation tests were carried out in the treated “Vertical
Drain Area” as well as in an adjacent untreated “Control Area” for comparison purposes. This study provides support for the
use of piezocone dissipation testing methods for the determination of the coefficient of consolidation due to horizontal flow
and hydraulic conductivity in horizontal direction of marine clays in the region as well as an alternative to piezometer instrumentation
for monitoring of piezometric pressure during consolidation. 相似文献
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《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(3):245-252
There is an ever-increasing demand for land to cope with the rapid economic development worldwide. As a result, new land is always reclaimed from the sea to meet the demand. The soft marine deposit in the seabed is often too weak to support the reclamation and the infrastructure to be built upon it. However, dredging of marine deposit has to be minimized to prevent ecological damage to the marine environment. In-situ improvement of the marine deposit is thus often required. Vacuum preloading is a proven technique to improve the engineering properties of soft clay onshore. However, the viability of applying the technique underwater is yet to be established. Practicality and constructability are important issues. The results of a field-scale constructability evaluation of underwater vacuum preloading are presented in the paper. Different techniques to install a membrane underwater to provide the required air-proof barrier were evaluated by monitoring the vacuum pressure underneath the membrane, pore pressure in the clay in the seabed, and ground settlement as a function of treatment duration. 相似文献
14.
试论连云港海相软土路堤沉降规律 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据连云港至徐州高速公路连云港段60多个断面的现场实测沉降资料,分析了在路堤荷载作用下连云港海相软土的沉降和固结规律。实测数据表明,在路堤荷载作用下连云港海相软土地基的沉降曲线符合双曲线形式,故可采用双曲线法预测最终沉降。由此可以分析在不同施工期的地基沉降和固结特性,得到不同地基处理条件下路堤填筑期和预压期地基平均固结度与施工时间的关系。分析亦表明,粉喷桩加固能加速地基的固结速率。最后,针对沉降和固结理论计算中计算参数的难以合理确定的局限性,对现场实测沉降数据采用数理统计方法,提出了适用于连云港地区海相软土路堤沉降和固结估算经验公式。 相似文献
15.
结合深圳市某填海及软基处理工程实际，分别采用三维固结理论和根据实测孔隙水压力值推算软基的固结度，并加以对比分析，证明其适用性。另外，根据固结度计算公式反推软基的最终沉降量和预测沉降稳定时间，这对于提出工程具体卸载时间具有重要指导意义。 相似文献
16.
In ground improvement projects with prefabricated vertical drains, the duration of the preloading period is set in advance
based on the predetermined time rate of consolidation of the compressible layer. If prediction is accurately done, the required
degree of consolidation is met at the pre-determined preloading time. As such, there is a requirement for in-situ tests to be carried out just prior to the removal of surcharge to assess the degree of consolidation of the improved ground.
In-situ tests were carried out after 23 months of surcharge loading at the In-Situ Test Site within the Changi East Reclamation Project in the Republic of Singapore. In-situ testing works in this research study comprises the use of field vane shear, piezocone, flat dilatometer and self-boring pressuremeter.
The in-situ tests were carried out to determine the shear strength and degree of consolidation of the Singapore marine clay at Changi
after 23 months of surcharge loading. The In-Situ Test Site consisted of a Vertical Drain Area as well as an untreated Control Area. Both areas were located adjacent to each
other and were surcharged simultaneously to the same level and surcharge left in place for a period of 23 months. Comparison
was made between the in-situ test results of the Vertical Drain Area and the untreated Control Area. 相似文献
17.
将考虑时间效应UH模型编写用户材料子程序（UMAT）并嵌入到有限元软件ABAQUS中,再结合多岛遗传算法搭建了数值反演平台。在实际工程中降雨、融雪和临时堆载等因素都会扰乱常态蠕变的沉降规律,使得沉降加快形成突变沉降,进而影响数值反演的预测结果。通过引入非常态蠕变概念并分析突变期间沉降加速的机制,提出了考虑非常态蠕变的反演预测方法。此外,当填方体缺乏分区依据且以多个监测点的沉降数据作为反演目标时,引入了反演参数的分布函数来代替几何模型的分区。并在此基础上进一步考虑沉降突变期间的非常态蠕变影响,进而提出多监测点下考虑非常态蠕变的沉降预测方法。最后,通过河北省承德机场高填方含有沉降突变的监测数据,验证了多监测点数据下考虑非常态蠕变的数值反演的准确性和实用性。 相似文献
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吹填地基真空加固过程中,吹填土由液体泥浆变为固态土体,其孔隙降低非常大。由于土体的渗透性和压缩性是孔隙比的函数,因此,吹填土在固结过程中固结系数变化很大,而现行设计方法中固结系数取为常数,这导致预测结果和实际结果差异较大。为考虑固结过程中孔隙变化对固结过程的影响,推导了真空荷载作用下土体固结系数与有效应力的关系,并将该关系应用于巴隆固结理论,从而建立吹填土地基真空固结分析模型。通过室内模型试验,验证了该模型的合理性。计算结果表明,考虑孔隙变化的影响时,吹填土地基前期固结速度快,而在后期逐渐变慢。由于排水面附近土体渗透系数迅速降低,阻碍了周围土体中孔隙水向排水面排出,因此,与现行固结设计方法计算结果相比,吹填土地基后期固结速度慢,总体固结时间长。 相似文献
20.
越南金瓯化肥项目真空预压监测成果分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
越南金瓯化肥项目软基采用真空预压法处理,在预压过程中采用了膜下真空度、地面沉降、分层沉降、地下水位、孔隙水压力、深层水平位移等多种监测方法。对监测目的、方法做了介绍,根据监测的数据预测了最终沉降,计算了固结度,为卸载提供了依据。 相似文献